U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

SOS1 SOS Ras/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 6654, updated on 2-Nov-2024

Summary

Go to the top of the page Help
Official Symbol
SOS1provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
SOS Ras/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:11187
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000115904 MIM:182530; AllianceGenome:HGNC:11187
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
GF1; HGF; NS4; GGF1; GINGF; SOS-1
Summary
This gene encodes a protein that is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for RAS proteins, membrane proteins that bind guanine nucleotides and participate in signal transduction pathways. GTP binding activates and GTP hydrolysis inactivates RAS proteins. The product of this gene may regulate RAS proteins by facilitating the exchange of GTP for GDP. Mutations in this gene are associated with gingival fibromatosis 1 and Noonan syndrome type 4. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Expression
Ubiquitous expression in fat (RPKM 10.4), ovary (RPKM 10.2) and 25 other tissues See more
Orthologs
mouse all
NEW
Try the new Gene table
Try the new Transcript table

Genomic context

Go to the top of the page Help
See SOS1 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
2p22.1
Exon count:
26
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 2 NC_000002.12 (38981549..39124868, complement)
RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 2 NC_060926.1 (38990066..39133839, complement)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 2 NC_000002.11 (39208690..39352009, complement)

Chromosome 2 - NC_000002.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 33 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105374471 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:39170060-39171010 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:39174178-39174678 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:39174679-39175179 Neighboring gene RNA, 7SL, cytoplasmic 96, pseudogene Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC375196 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak3669 silencer Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 11383 Neighboring gene RNA, U6 small nuclear 198, pseudogene Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:39337207-39337706 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 15612 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 11384 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 15613 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 11385 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 15614 Neighboring gene heat shock protein family E (Hsp10) member 1 pseudogene 13 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 15615 Neighboring gene CRISPRi-validated cis-regulatory element chr2.1553 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:39376789-39377290 Neighboring gene CRISPRi-validated cis-regulatory element chr2.1554 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr2:39378016-39378184 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 10874 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak3670 silencer Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:39446895-39447396 Neighboring gene cyclin dependent kinase like 4 Neighboring gene mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 3 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:39547717-39548636 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak3671 silencer Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:39591272-39591838 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:39591839-39592405 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:39592406-39592972 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr2:39596426-39596599 Neighboring gene RNA, U6 small nuclear 1341, pseudogene

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

Go to the top of the page Help

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

Go to the top of the page Help
  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

Go to the top of the pageHelp

Related articles in PubMed

  1. Inherited Disease Genetics Improves the Identification of Cancer-Associated Genes. Zhao B, et al. PLoS Genet, 2016 Jun. PMID 27304678, Free PMC Article
  2. SOS1 mutations in Noonan syndrome: molecular spectrum, structural insights on pathogenic effects, and genotype-phenotype correlations. Lepri F, et al. Hum Mutat, 2011 Jul. PMID 21387466, Free PMC Article
  3. Germ line gain of function with SOS1 mutation in hereditary gingival fibromatosis. Jang SI, et al. J Biol Chem, 2007 Jul 13. PMID 17510059
  4. Induction of the Ras activator Son of Sevenless 1 by environmental pollutants mediates their effects on cellular proliferation. Pierre S, et al. Biochem Pharmacol, 2011 Jan 15. PMID 20950586
  5. SOS1 mutations are rare in human malignancies: implications for Noonan Syndrome patients. Swanson KD, et al. Genes Chromosomes Cancer, 2008 Mar. PMID 18064648

See all (289) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. DNMT1/miR-152-3p/SOS1 signaling axis promotes self-renewal and tumor growth of cancer stem-like cells derived from non-small cell lung cancer.
    Title: DNMT1/miR-152-3p/SOS1 signaling axis promotes self-renewal and tumor growth of cancer stem-like cells derived from non-small cell lung cancer.
  2. SOS1 and KSR1 modulate MEK inhibitor responsiveness to target resistant cell populations based on PI3K and KRAS mutation status.
    Title: SOS1 and KSR1 modulate MEK inhibitor responsiveness to target resistant cell populations based on PI3K and KRAS mutation status.
  3. Translational relevance of SOS1 targeting for KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer.
    Title: Translational relevance of SOS1 targeting for KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer.
  4. Cardiac features of Noonan syndrome in Japanese patients.
    Title: Cardiac features of Noonan syndrome in Japanese patients.
  5. Lack of embryonic homozygous or adult heterozygous lymphatic phenotypes for a Sos1 mutation and lack of lymphatic embryonic phenotypes for a homozygous Cx47 mutation in mice.
    Title: Lack of embryonic homozygous or adult heterozygous lymphatic phenotypes for a Sos1 mutation and lack of lymphatic embryonic phenotypes for a homozygous Cx47 mutation in mice.
  6. SOS1 regulates HCC cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
    Title: SOS1 regulates HCC cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
  7. Knockdown of circRNA-Memo1 Reduces Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury in Human Brain Endothelial Cells Through miRNA-17-5p/SOS1 Axis.
    Title: Knockdown of circRNA-Memo1 Reduces Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury in Human Brain Endothelial Cells Through miRNA-17-5p/SOS1 Axis.
  8. miR-148b-3p, as a tumor suppressor, targets son of sevenless homolog 1 to regulate the malignant progression in human osteosarcoma.
    Title: miR-148b-3p, as a tumor suppressor, targets son of sevenless homolog 1 to regulate the malignant progression in human osteosarcoma.
  9. The intramolecular allostery of GRB2 governing its interaction with SOS1 is modulated by phosphotyrosine ligands.
    Title: The intramolecular allostery of GRB2 governing its interaction with SOS1 is modulated by phosphotyrosine ligands.
  10. Epigenetic and Posttranscriptional Modulation of SOS1 Can Promote Breast Cancer Metastasis through Obesity-Activated c-Met Signaling in African-American Women.
    Title: Epigenetic and Posttranscriptional Modulation of SOS1 Can Promote Breast Cancer Metastasis through Obesity-Activated c-Met Signaling in African-American Women.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (104)

Phenotypes

Go to the top of the page Help

Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Associated conditions

Description Tests
Fibromatosis, gingival, 1
MedGen: C4551558 OMIM: 135300 GeneReviews: Not available
Compare labs
Noonan syndrome 4
MedGen: C1853120 OMIM: 610733 GeneReviews: Noonan Syndrome
Compare labs

Copy number response

Description
Copy number response
Triplosensitivity

No evidence available (Last evaluated 2012-03-30)

ClinGen Genome Curation Page
Haploinsufficency

No evidence available (Last evaluated 2012-03-30)

ClinGen Genome Curation PagePubMed

Variation

Go to the top of the page Help

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

Pathways from PubChem

Go to the top of the page

Interactions

Go to the top of the page Help
Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

Go to the top of the page Help

Markers

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables GTPase activator activity TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
enables SH3 domain binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables epidermal growth factor receptor binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity EXP
Inferred from Experiment
more info
 PubMed 
enables guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
enables molecular condensate scaffold activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein heterodimerization activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables protein kinase binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in B cell homeostasis IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in B cell receptor signaling pathway IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in Fc-epsilon receptor signaling pathway TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
involved_in Ras protein signal transduction IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in Ras protein signal transduction IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in Schwann cell development IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in T cell activation IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in axon guidance TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
involved_in blood vessel morphogenesis IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in cardiac atrium morphogenesis IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in cytokine-mediated signaling pathway TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
involved_in epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
involved_in eyelid development in camera-type eye IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in hair follicle development IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in heart trabecula morphogenesis IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in insulin receptor signaling pathway IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in leukocyte migration TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
involved_in midbrain morphogenesis IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in multicellular organism growth IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in myelination IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in pericardium morphogenesis IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in regulation of T cell differentiation in thymus IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in regulation of T cell proliferation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in regulation of cell population proliferation IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in regulation of pro-B cell differentiation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in response to ischemia IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in roof of mouth development IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in signal transduction NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in vitellogenesis IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
part_of GTPase complex IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
located_in cytoplasm IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in cytosol TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
located_in glutamatergic synapse IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in neuronal cell body IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
is_active_in plasma membrane IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in plasma membrane TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
located_in postsynaptic density IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  

General protein information

Go to the top of the page Help
Preferred Names
son of sevenless homolog 1
Names
gingival fibromatosis, hereditary, 1
guanine nucleotide exchange factor

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

Go to the top of the page Help

NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

  1. NG_007530.1 RefSeqGene

    Range
    5001..143915
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics), LRG_754

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001382394.1 → NP_001369323.1  son of sevenless homolog 1 isoform 2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC019171, AC092672
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q53SF8
    Conserved Domains (6) summary
    PTZ00449
    Location:1011 → 1312
    PTZ00449; 104 kDa microneme/rhoptry antigen; Provisional
    smart00229
    Location:590 → 734
    RasGEFN; Guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Ras-like GTPases; N-terminal motif
    smart00325
    Location:197 → 382
    RhoGEF; Guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rho/Rac/Cdc42-like GTPases
    cd00155
    Location:769 → 1008
    RasGEF; Guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Ras-like small GTPases. Small GTP-binding proteins of the Ras superfamily function as molecular switches in fundamental events such as signal transduction, cytoskeleton dynamics and intracellular trafficking. ...
    cd01261
    Location:432 → 538
    PH_SOS; Son of Sevenless (SOS) Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain
    pfam00125
    Location:56 → 162
    Histone; Core histone H2A/H2B/H3/H4

  2. NM_001382395.1 → NP_001369324.1  son of sevenless homolog 1 isoform 3

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC019171, AC092672
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS92739.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A3G1LBG1, G5E9C8
    Related
    ENSP00000378479.2, ENST00000395038.6
    Conserved Domains (6) summary
    PTZ00449
    Location:1018 → 1304
    PTZ00449; 104 kDa microneme/rhoptry antigen; Provisional
    smart00229
    Location:597 → 741
    RasGEFN; Guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Ras-like GTPases; N-terminal motif
    smart00325
    Location:204 → 389
    RhoGEF; Guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rho/Rac/Cdc42-like GTPases
    cd00155
    Location:776 → 1015
    RasGEF; Guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Ras-like small GTPases. Small GTP-binding proteins of the Ras superfamily function as molecular switches in fundamental events such as signal transduction, cytoskeleton dynamics and intracellular trafficking. ...
    cd01261
    Location:439 → 545
    PH_SOS; Son of Sevenless (SOS) Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain
    pfam00125
    Location:63 → 169
    Histone; Core histone H2A/H2B/H3/H4

  3. NM_005633.4 → NP_005624.2  son of sevenless homolog 1 isoform 1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_005624.2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC019171, AC092672
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS1802.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A8K2G3, B4DXG2, Q07889
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A3G1LBG1
    Related
    ENSP00000384675.2, ENST00000402219.8
    Conserved Domains (6) summary
    PTZ00449
    Location:1018 → 1319
    PTZ00449; 104 kDa microneme/rhoptry antigen; Provisional
    smart00229
    Location:597 → 741
    RasGEFN; Guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Ras-like GTPases; N-terminal motif
    smart00325
    Location:204 → 389
    RhoGEF; Guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rho/Rac/Cdc42-like GTPases
    cd00155
    Location:776 → 1015
    RasGEF; Guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Ras-like small GTPases. Small GTP-binding proteins of the Ras superfamily function as molecular switches in fundamental events such as signal transduction, cytoskeleton dynamics and intracellular trafficking. ...
    cd01261
    Location:439 → 545
    PH_SOS; Son of Sevenless (SOS) Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain
    pfam00125
    Location:63 → 169
    Histone; Core histone H2A/H2B/H3/H4

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000002.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    38981549..39124868 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_047445581.1 → XP_047301537.1  son of sevenless homolog 1 isoform X1

  2. XM_047445582.1 → XP_047301538.1  son of sevenless homolog 1 isoform X2

  3. XM_011533064.3 → XP_011531366.1  son of sevenless homolog 1 isoform X2

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011531366.1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q53SF8
    Conserved Domains (6) summary
    PTZ00449
    Location:961 → 1262
    PTZ00449; 104 kDa microneme/rhoptry antigen; Provisional
    smart00229
    Location:540 → 684
    RasGEFN; Guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Ras-like GTPases; N-terminal motif
    smart00325
    Location:147 → 332
    RhoGEF; Guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rho/Rac/Cdc42-like GTPases
    cd00155
    Location:719 → 958
    RasGEF; Guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Ras-like small GTPases. Small GTP-binding proteins of the Ras superfamily function as molecular switches in fundamental events such as signal transduction, cytoskeleton dynamics and intracellular trafficking. ...
    cd01261
    Location:382 → 488
    PH_SOS; Son of Sevenless (SOS) Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain
    pfam00125
    Location:6 → 112
    Histone; Core histone H2A/H2B/H3/H4

  4. XM_047445585.1 → XP_047301541.1  son of sevenless homolog 1 isoform X5

    Related
    ENSP00000509424.1, ENST00000685279.1

  5. XM_047445586.1 → XP_047301542.1  son of sevenless homolog 1 isoform X6

  6. XM_047445584.1 → XP_047301540.1  son of sevenless homolog 1 isoform X4

    Related
    ENSP00000510437.1, ENST00000691229.1

  7. XM_047445583.1 → XP_047301539.1  son of sevenless homolog 1 isoform X3

    Related
    ENSP00000508626.1, ENST00000692089.1

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060926.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    38990066..39133839 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054343521.1 → XP_054199496.1  son of sevenless homolog 1 isoform X1

  2. XM_054343522.1 → XP_054199497.1  son of sevenless homolog 1 isoform X2

  3. XM_054343525.1 → XP_054199500.1  son of sevenless homolog 1 isoform X5

  4. XM_054343526.1 → XP_054199501.1  son of sevenless homolog 1 isoform X6

  5. XM_054343524.1 → XP_054199499.1  son of sevenless homolog 1 isoform X4

  6. XM_054343523.1 → XP_054199498.1  son of sevenless homolog 1 isoform X3

Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q07889.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q07889

Gene LinkOut

The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

Chemical Information
Medical
Molecular Biology Databases
Research Materials
Tools
Miscellaneous