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IRX12 Laccase/Diphenol oxidase family protein [ Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) ]

Gene ID: 818386, updated on 7-Sep-2023

Summary

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Gene symbol
IRX12
Gene description
Laccase/Diphenol oxidase family protein
Primary source
Araport:AT2G38080
Locus tag
AT2G38080
See related
TAIR:AT2G38080
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype: Columbia)
Lineage
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis
Also known as
ARABIDOPSIS LACCASE-LIKE MULTICOPPER OXIDASE 4; ATLMCO4; F16M14.1; F16M14_1; IRREGULAR XYLEM 12; LAC4; LACCASE 4; LACCASE-LIKE MULTICOPPER OXIDASE 4; LMCO4
Summary
LAC4 appears to have laccase activity based on enzyme assays performed using lac4 mutants. These mutants also have reduced levels of lignin. LAC4 is expressed in vascular bundles and fibers and likely contributes to lignin biosynthesis, and hence cell wall biosynthesis, there. lac4/irx12 mutants have a mild irregular xylem phenotype.
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Genomic context

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See IRX12 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
chromosome: 2
Exon count:
6
Sequence:
Chromosome: 2; NC_003071.7 (15934244..15937616)

Chromosome 2 - NC_003071.7Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene LOW protein: UPF0503-like protein, putative (DUF740) Neighboring gene ncRNA Neighboring gene Duplicated homeodomain-like superfamily protein Neighboring gene proton-dependent oligopeptide transport (POT) family protein

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:
NC_003071.7

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Distribution, mobility, and anchoring of lignin-related oxidative enzymes in Arabidopsis secondary cell walls. Yi Chou E, et al. J Exp Bot, 2018 Apr 9. PMID 29481639, Free PMC Article
  2. MiR397b regulates both lignin content and seed number in Arabidopsis via modulating a laccase involved in lignin biosynthesis. Wang CY, et al. Plant Biotechnol J, 2014 Oct. PMID 24975689
  3. Disruption of LACCASE4 and 17 results in tissue-specific alterations to lignification of Arabidopsis thaliana stems. Berthet S, et al. Plant Cell, 2011 Mar. PMID 21447792, Free PMC Article
  4. Laccase is necessary and nonredundant with peroxidase for lignin polymerization during vascular development in Arabidopsis. Zhao Q, et al. Plant Cell, 2013 Oct. PMID 24143805, Free PMC Article
  5. Laccases and Peroxidases Co-Localize in Lignified Secondary Cell Walls throughout Stem Development. Hoffmann N, et al. Plant Physiol, 2020 Oct. PMID 32699027, Free PMC Article

See all (7) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Laccases and Peroxidases Co-Localize in Lignified Secondary Cell Walls throughout Stem Development.
    Title: Laccases and Peroxidases Co-Localize in Lignified Secondary Cell Walls throughout Stem Development.
  2. PRX64 localizes to the middle lamella whereas LAC4 localizes throughout the secondary cell wall layers.
    Title: Distribution, mobility, and anchoring of lignin-related oxidative enzymes in Arabidopsis secondary cell walls.
  3. A laccase gene, LAC4, regulated by a microRNA, miR397b, controls both lignin biosynthesis and seed yield in Arabidopsis.
    Title: MiR397b regulates both lignin content and seed number in Arabidopsis via modulating a laccase involved in lignin biosynthesis.
  4. Simultaneous disruption of LAC11 along with LAC4 and LAC17 causes severe plant growth arrest, narrower root diameter, indehiscent anthers, and vascular development arrest with lack of lignification.
    Title: Laccase is necessary and nonredundant with peroxidase for lignin polymerization during vascular development in Arabidopsis.
  5. Disruption of LAC4 affects plant development, vascular tissues, lignification, and saccharification efficiency to various extents.
    Title: Disruption of LACCASE4 and 17 results in tissue-specific alterations to lignification of Arabidopsis thaliana stems.
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General gene information

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Homology

NM_129364.4

Gene Ontology Provided by TAIR

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables copper ion binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables hydroquinone:oxygen oxidoreductase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables oxidoreductase activity IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
acts_upstream_of_or_within lignin biosynthetic process IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
acts_upstream_of_or_within lignin biosynthetic process IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
acts_upstream_of_or_within plant-type secondary cell wall biogenesis IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in extracellular region ISM
Inferred from Sequence Model
more info
  
located_in plant-type cell wall IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 

General protein information

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Preferred Names
Laccase/Diphenol oxidase family protein
NP_565881.1
  • IRREGULAR XYLEM 12 (IRX12); FUNCTIONS IN: laccase activity; INVOLVED IN: secondary cell wall biogenesis; LOCATED IN: endomembrane system, apoplast; EXPRESSED IN: 24 plant structures; EXPRESSED DURING: 13 growth stages; CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Multicopper oxidase, type 3 (InterPro:IPR011707), Laccase (InterPro:IPR017761), Multicopper oxidase, type 2 (InterPro:IPR011706), Cupredoxin (InterPro:IPR008972), Multicopper oxidase, copper-binding site (InterPro:IPR002355), Multicopper oxidase, type 1 (InterPro:IPR001117); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: laccase 10 (TAIR:AT5G01190.1); Has 9472 Blast hits to 8326 proteins in 1422 species: Archae - 45; Bacteria - 3703; Metazoa - 467; Fungi - 3359; Plants - 1600; Viruses - 0; Other Eukaryotes - 298 (source: NCBI BLink).

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_003071.7 Reference assembly

    Range
    15934244..15937616
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_129364.4 → NP_565881.1  Laccase/Diphenol oxidase family protein [Arabidopsis thaliana]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_565881.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    O80434, Q940U7
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A178VQR2, A0A5S9X505, A0A7G2EC44
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    TIGR03389
    Location:26 → 558
    laccase; plant
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
O80434.2

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