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PER2 period circadian regulator 2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 8864, updated on 2-Nov-2024

Summary

Official Symbol
PER2provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
period circadian regulator 2provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:8846
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000132326 MIM:603426; AllianceGenome:HGNC:8846
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
FASPS; FASPS1
Summary
This gene is a member of the Period family of genes and is expressed in a circadian pattern in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the primary circadian pacemaker in the mammalian brain. Genes in this family encode components of the circadian rhythms of locomotor activity, metabolism, and behavior. This gene is upregulated by CLOCK/ARNTL heterodimers but then represses this upregulation in a feedback loop using PER/CRY heterodimers to interact with CLOCK/ARNTL. Polymorphisms in this gene may increase the risk of getting certain cancers and have been linked to sleep disorders. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014]
Expression
Ubiquitous expression in testis (RPKM 8.7), gall bladder (RPKM 7.6) and 25 other tissues See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

See PER2 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
2q37.3
Exon count:
27
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 2 NC_000002.12 (238244044..238300065, complement)
RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 2 NC_060926.1 (238733782..238779869, complement)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 2 NC_000002.11 (239152685..239197251, complement)

Chromosome 2 - NC_000002.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:239142883-239143384 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:239147110-239147678 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 12492 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:239149579-239150084 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:239150085-239150590 Neighboring gene TARDBP pseudogene 3 Neighboring gene BRD4-independent group 4 enhancer GRCh37_chr2:239154789-239155988 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:239156797-239157297 Neighboring gene hes family bHLH transcription factor 6 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:239172424-239172924 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:239179613-239180112 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:239187958-239188582 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:239190897-239191397 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:239192245-239192744 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:239196189-239196711 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC112268433 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:239196796-239197690 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 12494 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 17380 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak4101 silencer Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:239223693-239224192 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 12495 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 12496 Neighboring gene TRAF3 interacting protein 1 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 17381 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr2:239276069-239276272 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 17382 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:239317872-239318404 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:239318939-239319470 Neighboring gene RNA, U6 small nuclear 234, pseudogene

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

Expression

  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Pathways from PubChem

Interactions

Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

Markers

Clone Names

  • KIAA0347

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
PubMed 
enables transcription cis-regulatory region binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
enables transcription cis-regulatory region binding ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
enables transcription coactivator activity ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
enables transcription corepressor binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in chromatin remodeling ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in circadian regulation of gene expression IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
involved_in circadian regulation of gene expression ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in circadian regulation of gene expression NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
PubMed 
involved_in circadian rhythm TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
PubMed 
involved_in entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
involved_in fatty acid metabolic process ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in gluconeogenesis ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in glycogen biosynthetic process ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in lactate biosynthetic process ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
involved_in negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in negative regulation of circadian rhythm ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in negative regulation of circadian rhythm NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of fat cell proliferation ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in negative regulation of protein ubiquitination ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in negative regulation of transcription regulatory region DNA binding ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in neural retina development IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
PubMed 
involved_in regulation of cell cycle ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in regulation of circadian rhythm ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in regulation of glutamate uptake involved in transmission of nerve impulse ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in regulation of insulin secretion ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in regulation of neurogenesis ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in regulation of vasoconstriction ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in response to ischemia ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in white fat cell differentiation ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
part_of Cry-Per complex ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
is_active_in cytoplasm IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
located_in cytosol IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 
located_in nucleolus IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
located_in nucleoplasm IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 
is_active_in nucleus IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
located_in nucleus IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
located_in nucleus ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
located_in perinuclear region of cytoplasm IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 

General protein information

Preferred Names
period circadian protein homolog 2
Names
circadian clock protein PERIOD 2
hPER2
period 2
period circadian clock 2
period circadian protein 2
period homolog 2

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

  1. NG_012146.1 RefSeqGene

    Range
    4957..49523
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_022817.3NP_073728.1  period circadian protein homolog 2

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_073728.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AB002345, AC012485, DA226434
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS2528.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A2I2P7, O15055, Q4ZG49, Q6DT41, Q9UQ45
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4DH14
    Related
    ENSP00000254657.3, ENST00000254657.8
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    cd00130
    Location:333434
    PAS; PAS domain; PAS motifs appear in archaea, eubacteria and eukarya. Probably the most surprising identification of a PAS domain was that in EAG-like K+-channels. PAS domains have been found to bind ligands, and to act as sensors for light and oxygen in ...
    pfam08447
    Location:346430
    PAS_3; PAS fold
    pfam12114
    Location:10461232
    Period_C; Period protein 2/3C-terminal region

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000002.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    238244044..238300065 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_047446232.1XP_047302188.1  period circadian protein homolog 2 isoform X1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A2I2P7, O15055, Q4ZG49, Q6DT41, Q9UQ45
  2. XM_047446231.1XP_047302187.1  period circadian protein homolog 2 isoform X1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A2I2P7, O15055, Q4ZG49, Q6DT41, Q9UQ45
  3. XM_005246111.5XP_005246168.1  period circadian protein homolog 2 isoform X1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_005246168.1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A2I2P7, O15055, Q4ZG49, Q6DT41, Q9UQ45
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4DH14
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    cd00130
    Location:333434
    PAS; PAS domain; PAS motifs appear in archaea, eubacteria and eukarya. Probably the most surprising identification of a PAS domain was that in EAG-like K+-channels. PAS domains have been found to bind ligands, and to act as sensors for light and oxygen in ...
    pfam08447
    Location:346430
    PAS_3; PAS fold
    pfam12114
    Location:10461232
    Period_C; Period protein 2/3C-terminal region
  4. XM_006712824.5XP_006712887.1  period circadian protein homolog 2 isoform X1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006712887.1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A2I2P7, O15055, Q4ZG49, Q6DT41, Q9UQ45
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4DH14
    Related
    ENSP00000516758.1, ENST00000707130.1
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    cd00130
    Location:333434
    PAS; PAS domain; PAS motifs appear in archaea, eubacteria and eukarya. Probably the most surprising identification of a PAS domain was that in EAG-like K+-channels. PAS domains have been found to bind ligands, and to act as sensors for light and oxygen in ...
    pfam08447
    Location:346430
    PAS_3; PAS fold
    pfam12114
    Location:10461232
    Period_C; Period protein 2/3C-terminal region

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060926.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    238733782..238779869 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054344396.1XP_054200371.1  period circadian protein homolog 2 isoform X1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A2I2P7, O15055, Q4ZG49, Q6DT41, Q9UQ45
  2. XM_054344395.1XP_054200370.1  period circadian protein homolog 2 isoform X1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A2I2P7, O15055, Q4ZG49, Q6DT41, Q9UQ45

Suppressed Reference Sequence(s)

The following Reference Sequences have been suppressed. Explain

  1. NM_003894.3: Suppressed sequence

    Description
    NM_003894.3: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because currently there is insufficient support for the transcript and the protein.