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PTGES prostaglandin E synthase [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 9536, updated on 2-Nov-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
PTGESprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name
prostaglandin E synthaseprovided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:9599
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000148344 MIM:605172; AllianceGenome:HGNC:9599
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
PGES; MPGES; PIG12; PP102; PP1294; MGST-IV; MGST1L1; TP53I12; mPGES-1; MGST1-L1
Summary
The protein encoded by this gene is a glutathione-dependent prostaglandin E synthase. The expression of this gene has been shown to be induced by proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 1 beta (IL1B). Its expression can also be induced by tumor suppressor protein TP53, and may be involved in TP53 induced apoptosis. Knockout studies in mice suggest that this gene may contribute to the pathogenesis of collagen-induced arthritis and mediate acute pain during inflammatory responses. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Expression
Biased expression in placenta (RPKM 28.7), urinary bladder (RPKM 13.8) and 12 other tissues See more
Orthologs
mouse all
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Genomic context

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See PTGES in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
9q34.11
Exon count:
3
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 9 NC_000009.12 (129738349..129753042, complement)
RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 9 NC_060933.1 (141942947..141957638, complement)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 9 NC_000009.11 (132500628..132515321, complement)

Chromosome 9 - NC_000009.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene paired related homeobox 2 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr9:132474701-132475516 Neighboring gene PRRX2 antisense RNA 1 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr9:132486991-132487490 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124902284 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr9:132489030-132489223 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 29119 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr9:132504976-132505476 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr9:132537345-132537911 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr9:132539303-132539818 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr9:132543973-132544473 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 29120 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 3625 Neighboring gene UBE2V1 pseudogene 4 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 20388 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 20389 Neighboring gene torsin family 1 member B

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. mPGES-1 expression in non-cancerous liver tissue impacts on postoperative recurrence of HCC. Nonaka K, et al. World J Gastroenterol, 2010 Oct 14. PMID 20939114, Free PMC Article
  2. Evidence that PAR2-triggered prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) formation involves the ERK-cytosolic phospholipase A2-COX-1-microsomal PGE synthase-1 cascade in human lung epithelial cells. Nagataki M, et al. Cell Biochem Funct, 2008 Mar-Apr. PMID 17708577
  3. Elevated microsomal prostaglandin-E synthase-1 in Alzheimer's disease. Chaudhry UA, et al. Alzheimers Dement, 2008 Jan. PMID 18631945, Free PMC Article
  4. Mutation of a critical arginine in microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 shifts the isomerase activity to a reductase activity that converts prostaglandin H2 into prostaglandin F2alpha. Hammarberg T, et al. J Biol Chem, 2009 Jan 2. PMID 18984580, Free PMC Article
  5. Expression and purification of human mPGES-1 in E. coli and identification of inhibitory compounds from a drug-library. Kim WI, et al. BMB Rep, 2008 Nov 30. PMID 19017494

See all (159) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Targeting PTGES/PGE2 axis enhances sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil.
    Title: Targeting PTGES/PGE2 axis enhances sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil.
  2. PTGES Expression Is Associated with Metabolic and Immune Reprogramming in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.
    Title: PTGES Expression Is Associated with Metabolic and Immune Reprogramming in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.
  3. Clinical data mining reveals analgesic effects of lapatinib in cancer patients.
    Title: Clinical data mining reveals analgesic effects of lapatinib in cancer patients.
  4. Studied the role that microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) plays in cell migration in the pathogenesis of Hirschsprung disease. Results showed mPGES-1 derived PGE2 decreased the relative expression of EP2 and ARP2/3 and caused damage to cytoskeleton.
    Title: MPGES-1 derived PGE2 inhibits cell migration by regulating ARP2/3 in the pathogenesis of Hirschsprung disease.
  5. We found that PTGES is overexpressed in the first stages of AGA.
    Title: Prostaglandins in androgenetic alopecia in 12 men and four female.
  6. mPGES-1 is induced in dopaminergic neurons of postmortem Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and PD model mice. Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 is a critical factor in dopaminergic neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease.
    Title: Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 is a critical factor in dopaminergic neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease.
  7. Atherosclerotic plaque constituents 27-hydroxycholesterol and 4-hydroxynonenal cause up-regulation of COX-2 and mPGES-1.
    Title: Up-regulation of COX-2 and mPGES-1 by 27-hydroxycholesterol and 4-hydroxynonenal: A crucial role in atherosclerotic plaque instability.
  8. The DHEA metabolite 7beta-hydroxy-epiandrosterone exerts anti-estrogenic effects on breast cancer cell lines.
    Title: The DHEA metabolite 7β-hydroxy-epiandrosterone exerts anti-estrogenic effects on breast cancer cell lines.
  9. study reveals that upregulation of PGES via TLR3 is critical for BM-MSCs-mediated immunosuppression by PGE2 secretion via the COX-2/PGE2 pathway.
    Title: Involvement of TLR3-Dependent PGES Expression in Immunosuppression by Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells.
  10. Down-regulation of mPGES-1 has been noted in the infrapatellar fat pad of osteoarthritis patients with hypercholesterolemia.
    Title: Down-regulation of microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1 in the infrapatellar fat pad of osteoarthritis patients with hypercholesterolemia.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (123)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Genotypes

HIV-1 interactions

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Protein interactions

Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
Envelope transmembrane glycoprotein gp41 env A synthetic peptide corresponding to the immunosuppressive domain (amino acids 574-592) of HIV-1 gp41 upregulates the expression of prostaglandin E synthase (PTGES) in peptide-treated PBMCs PubMed
capsid gag Immunosuppressive peptides corresponding to HIV-1 Capsid amino acids 218-238 upregulate prostaglandin E2 production and induce IL-10 secretion PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Clone Names

  • MGC10317

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables glutathione binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables glutathione peroxidase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables glutathione transferase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables prostaglandin-D synthase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables prostaglandin-E synthase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables prostaglandin-E synthase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in cell population proliferation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in cellular oxidant detoxification IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in negative regulation of cell population proliferation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of prostaglandin secretion IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in prostaglandin biosynthetic process IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in prostaglandin biosynthetic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in prostaglandin biosynthetic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in prostaglandin metabolic process TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in regulation of fever generation ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in regulation of inflammatory response ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in sensory perception of pain ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in signal transduction NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in endoplasmic reticulum membrane TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
is_active_in membrane IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in membrane IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in nuclear envelope lumen IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in perinuclear region of cytoplasm IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  

General protein information

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Preferred Names
prostaglandin E synthase
Names
MGST1-like 1
glutathione S-transferase 1-like 1
glutathione peroxidase PTGES
glutathione transferase PTGES
microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1-like 1
microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1
p53-induced apoptosis protein 12
p53-induced gene 12 protein
tumor protein p53 inducible protein 12
NP_004869.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_004878.5 → NP_004869.1  prostaglandin E synthase

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_004869.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AL590369, BC008280
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS6927.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    O14684, O14900, Q5SZC0
    Related
    ENSP00000342385.4, ENST00000340607.5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam01124
    Location:16 → 146
    MAPEG; MAPEG family

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000009.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    129738349..129753042 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060933.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    141942947..141957638 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Suppressed Reference Sequence(s)

The following Reference Sequences have been suppressed. Explain

  1. NM_198797.1: Suppressed sequence

    Description
    NM_198797.1: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because it is a nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) candidate.
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
O14684.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:O14684

Gene LinkOut

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