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    PARP2 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 10038, updated on 14-Nov-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    PARP2provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 2provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:272
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000129484 MIM:607725; AllianceGenome:HGNC:272
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    ARTD2; ADPRT2; PARP-2; ADPRTL2; ADPRTL3; pADPRT-2
    Summary
    This gene encodes poly(ADP-ribosyl)transferase-like 2 protein, which contains a catalytic domain and is capable of catalyzing a poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation reaction. This protein has a catalytic domain which is homologous to that of poly (ADP-ribosyl) transferase, but lacks an N-terminal DNA binding domain which activates the C-terminal catalytic domain of poly (ADP-ribosyl) transferase. The basic residues within the N-terminal region of this protein may bear potential DNA-binding properties, and may be involved in the nuclear and/or nucleolar targeting of the protein. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
    Expression
    Ubiquitous expression in brain (RPKM 14.3), testis (RPKM 13.0) and 25 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    mouse all
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    Genomic context

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    See PARP2 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    14q11.2
    Exon count:
    16
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 14 NC_000014.9 (20343635..20357904)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 14 NC_060938.1 (14540530..14554811)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 14 NC_000014.8 (20811794..20826063)

    Chromosome 14 - NC_000014.9Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene cyclin B1 interacting protein 1 Neighboring gene small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 126 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8068 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8069 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8070 Neighboring gene ribonuclease P RNA component H1 Neighboring gene telomerase associated protein 1 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak2111 silencer Neighboring gene CDK7 strongly-dependent group 2 enhancer GRCh37_chr14:20868788-20869987 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:20880498-20881414 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8073 Neighboring gene RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 382

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. LMTK2 and PARP-2 gene polymorphism and azoospermia secondary to meiotic arrest. Sakugawa N, et al. J Assist Reprod Genet, 2009 Sep-Oct. PMID 19806447, Free PMC Article
    2. New directions in poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase biology. Bock FJ, et al. FEBS J, 2016 Nov. PMID 27087568
    3. PARP-2 domain requirements for DNA damage-dependent activation and localization to sites of DNA damage. Riccio AA, et al. Nucleic Acids Res, 2016 Feb 29. PMID 26704974, Free PMC Article
    4. Silencing of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-2 Induces Mitochondrial Reactive Species Production and Mitochondrial Fragmentation. Jankó L, et al. Cells, 2021 Jun 4. PMID 34199944, Free PMC Article
    5. A polymorphism in the base excision repair gene PARP2 is associated with differential prognosis by chemotherapy among postmenopausal breast cancer patients. Seibold P, et al. BMC Cancer, 2015 Dec 16. PMID 26674097, Free PMC Article

    See all (117) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Regulatory apoptotic fragment of PARP1 complements catalytic fragment for PAR and DNA-dependent activity but inhibits DNA-induced catalytic stimulation of PARP2.
      Title: Regulatory apoptotic fragment of PARP1 complements catalytic fragment for PAR and DNA-dependent activity but inhibits DNA-induced catalytic stimulation of PARP2.
    2. The CSB chromatin remodeler regulates PARP1- and PARP2-mediated single-strand break repair at actively transcribed DNA regions.
      Title: The CSB chromatin remodeler regulates PARP1- and PARP2-mediated single-strand break repair at actively transcribed DNA regions.
    3. PARP2 promotes inflammation in psoriasis by modulating estradiol biosynthesis in keratinocytes.
      Title: PARP2 promotes inflammation in psoriasis by modulating estradiol biosynthesis in keratinocytes.
    4. Single-molecule force spectroscopy reveals binding and bridging dynamics of PARP1 and PARP2 at DNA double-strand breaks.
      Title: Single-molecule force spectroscopy reveals binding and bridging dynamics of PARP1 and PARP2 at DNA double-strand breaks.
    5. Temporal dynamics of base excision/single-strand break repair protein complex assembly/disassembly are modulated by the PARP/NAD(+)/SIRT6 axis.
      Title: Temporal dynamics of base excision/single-strand break repair protein complex assembly/disassembly are modulated by the PARP/NAD(+)/SIRT6 axis.
    6. miRNA-149 targets PARP-2 in endometrial epithelial and stromal cells to regulate the trophoblast attachment process.
      Title: miRNA-149 targets PARP-2 in endometrial epithelial and stromal cells to regulate the trophoblast attachment process.
    7. HPF1 dynamically controls the PARP1/2 balance between initiating and elongating ADP-ribose modifications.
      Title: HPF1 dynamically controls the PARP1/2 balance between initiating and elongating ADP-ribose modifications.
    8. The contribution of PARP1, PARP2 and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation to base excision repair in the nucleosomal context.
      Title: The contribution of PARP1, PARP2 and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation to base excision repair in the nucleosomal context.
    9. Silencing of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-2 Induces Mitochondrial Reactive Species Production and Mitochondrial Fragmentation.
      Title: Silencing of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-2 Induces Mitochondrial Reactive Species Production and Mitochondrial Fragmentation.
    10. Serine-linked PARP1 auto-modification controls PARP inhibitor response.
      Title: Serine-linked PARP1 auto-modification controls PARP inhibitor response.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (56)

    Phenotypes

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    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    Variation

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    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables NAD DNA ADP-ribosyltransferase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables NAD+-histone H2BE18 glutamate ADP-ribosyltransferase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables NAD+-histone H2BE2 glutamate ADP-ribosyltransferase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables NAD+-histone H2BE35 glutamate ADP-ribosyltransferase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables NAD+-histone H2BS6 serine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables NAD+-histone H3S10 serine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables NAD+-protein ADP-ribosyltransferase activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables NAD+-protein ADP-ribosyltransferase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables NAD+-protein poly-ADP-ribosyltransferase activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables NAD+-protein poly-ADP-ribosyltransferase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables NAD+-protein-aspartate ADP-ribosyltransferase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables NAD+-protein-glutamate ADP-ribosyltransferase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables NAD+-protein-serine ADP-ribosyltransferase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables chromatin binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables damaged DNA binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables nucleosome binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables nucleotidyltransferase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables poly-ADP-D-ribose binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables poly-ADP-D-ribose modification-dependent protein binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in DNA ADP-ribosylation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in DNA damage response IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in DNA repair IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in DNA repair-dependent chromatin remodeling IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in base-excision repair IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in decidualization ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    involved_in double-strand break repair IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in hippocampal neuron apoptotic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell development IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in protein auto-ADP-ribosylation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in protein poly-ADP-ribosylation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in response to oxygen-glucose deprivation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    is_active_in nucleolus IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in nucleolus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in nucleoplasm IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in nucleus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    is_active_in site of DNA damage IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in site of DNA damage IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 2
    Names
    ADP-ribosyltransferase (NAD+; poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase)-like 2
    ADP-ribosyltransferase diphtheria toxin-like 2
    ADPRT-2
    DNA ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP2
    NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase 2
    hPARP-2
    poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 2
    poly (ADP-ribosyl) transferase-like 2
    poly[ADP-ribose] synthase 2
    poly[ADP-ribose] synthetase 2
    protein poly-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP2
    NP_001036083.1
    NP_005475.2
    XP_005267304.1
    XP_016876401.1
    XP_047286825.1
    XP_054189115.1
    XP_054189116.1
    XP_054189117.1
    XP_054231215.1
    XP_054231216.1
    XP_054231217.1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_033959.1 RefSeqGene

      Range
      5022..19291
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001042618.2 → NP_001036083.1  poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 2 isoform 2

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001036083.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an internal segment in the 5' coding region, as compared to variant 1. The reading frame is not changed but the transcript encodes 13 aa less than variant 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AJ236912, BU541261, DA354586
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS45077.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A8K214
      Related
      ENSP00000392972.3, ENST00000429687.8
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl27333
      Location:52 → 566
      PARP_reg; Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, regulatory domain

    2. NM_005484.4 → NP_005475.2  poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 2 isoform 1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_005475.2

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes a longer isoform (1).
      Source sequence(s)
      AJ236912, AK001980, BU541261, DA354586
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS41910.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q8TEU4, Q9NUV2, Q9UGN5, Q9UMR4, Q9Y6C8
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A8K214
      Related
      ENSP00000250416.5, ENST00000250416.9
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd08003
      Location:106 → 208
      WGR_PARP2_like; WGR domain of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases
      cd01437
      Location:231 → 576
      parp_like; Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (parp) catalytic domain catalyses the covalent attachment of ADP-ribose units from NAD+ to itself and to a limited number of other DNA binding proteins, which decreases their affinity for DNA. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase is a ...
      pfam00644
      Location:365 → 577
      PARP; Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase catalytic domain

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000014.9 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      20343635..20357904
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_005267247.4 → XP_005267304.1  poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 2 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      G3V167
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd08003
      Location:106 → 208
      WGR_PARP2_like; WGR domain of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases
      cd01437
      Location:231 → 489
      parp_like; Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (parp) catalytic domain catalyses the covalent attachment of ADP-ribose units from NAD+ to itself and to a limited number of other DNA binding proteins, which decreases their affinity for DNA. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase is a ...

    2. XM_017020912.2 → XP_016876401.1  poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 2 isoform X2

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      G3V167
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      PLN03124
      Location:52 → 476
      PLN03124; poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase; Provisional
      cd22252
      Location:19 → 78
      PARP2_NTR; NTR (N-terminal region) domain of poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 2 (PARP-2) and similar proteins

    3. XM_047430869.1 → XP_047286825.1  poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 2 isoform X3

    Reference GRCh38.p14 PATCHES

    Genomic

    1. NW_025791796.1 Reference GRCh38.p14 PATCHES

      Range
      546316..560585
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_054333140.1 → XP_054189115.1  poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 2 isoform X1

    2. XM_054333141.1 → XP_054189116.1  poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 2 isoform X2

    3. XM_054333142.1 → XP_054189117.1  poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 2 isoform X3

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060938.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      14540530..14554811
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_054375240.1 → XP_054231215.1  poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 2 isoform X1

    2. XM_054375241.1 → XP_054231216.1  poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 2 isoform X2

    3. XM_054375242.1 → XP_054231217.1  poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 2 isoform X3

    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q9UGN5.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q9UGN5

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

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