MIR21 microRNA 21 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 406991, updated on 2-Nov-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol: MIR21provided by HGNC
Official Full Name: microRNA 21provided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:31586
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000284190 MIM:611020; miRBase:MI0000077; AllianceGenome:HGNC:31586
Gene type: ncRNA
RefSeq status: PROVISIONAL
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: MIRN21; miR-21; miRNA21; hsa-mir-21
Summary: microRNAs (miRNAs) are short (20-24 nt) non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in multicellular organisms by affecting both the stability and translation of mRNAs. miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II as part of capped and polyadenylated primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) that can be either protein-coding or non-coding. The primary transcript is cleaved by the Drosha ribonuclease III enzyme to produce an approximately 70-nt stem-loop precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA), which is further cleaved by the cytoplasmic Dicer ribonuclease to generate the mature miRNA and antisense miRNA star (miRNA*) products. The mature miRNA is incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which recognizes target mRNAs through imperfect base pairing with the miRNA and most commonly results in translational inhibition or destabilization of the target mRNA. The RefSeq represents the predicted microRNA stem-loop. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]
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Genomic context

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See MIR21 in Genome Data Viewer

Location:: 17q23.1

Exon count:: 1

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_08	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	17	NC_000017.11 (59841266..59841337)
RS_2024_08	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	17	NC_060941.1 (60710020..60710091)
RS_2024_09	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	17	NC_000017.10 (57918627..57918698)

Chromosome 17 - NC_000017.11 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) in breast cancer: From apoptosis dysregulation to therapeutic opportunities.
Title: MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) in breast cancer: From apoptosis dysregulation to therapeutic opportunities.
PDCD4 and MIR-21 are promising biomarkers in the follow-up of OED in liquid biopsies.
Title: PDCD4 and MIR-21 are promising biomarkers in the follow-up of OED in liquid biopsies.
miR-21 attenuated inflammation targeting MyD88 in human chondrocytes stimulated with Hyaluronan oligosaccharides.
Title: miR-21 attenuated inflammation targeting MyD88 in human chondrocytes stimulated with Hyaluronan oligosaccharides.
The Regulation of MicroRNA-21 by Interleukin-6 and Its Role in the Development of Fibrosis in Endometriotic Lesions.
Title: The Regulation of MicroRNA-21 by Interleukin-6 and Its Role in the Development of Fibrosis in Endometriotic Lesions.
miR-21 Exerts Anti-proliferative and Pro-apoptotic Effects in LPS-induced WI-38 Cells via Directly Targeting TIMP3.
Title: miR-21 Exerts Anti-proliferative and Pro-apoptotic Effects in LPS-induced WI-38 Cells via Directly Targeting TIMP3.
A miRNA-21-Mediated PTEN/Akt/NF-kappaB Axis Promotes Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Pathogenesis.
Title: A miRNA-21-Mediated PTEN/Akt/NF-κB Axis Promotes Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Pathogenesis.
MiR-21-5p knockdown inhibits epithelial to mesenchymal transition in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells by upregulating RhoB.
Title: MiR-21-5p knockdown inhibits epithelial to mesenchymal transition in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells by upregulating RhoB.
MiR-21-5p modulates LPS-induced acute injury in alveolar epithelial cells by targeting SLC16A10.
Title: MiR-21-5p modulates LPS-induced acute injury in alveolar epithelial cells by targeting SLC16A10.
Expression of Circulating miR-21 and -29 and their Association with Myocardial Fibrosis in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.
Title: Expression of Circulating miR-21 and -29 and their Association with Myocardial Fibrosis in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.
Publisher Correction: MiR-21 and miR-183 can simultaneously target SOCS6 and modulate growth and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells.
Title: Publisher Correction: MiR-21 and miR-183 can simultaneously target SOCS6 and modulate growth and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (1538)

Phenotypes

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Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

RH46129 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:34852

SHGC-64257 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:3963

D17F294S2 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:157824

RH91780 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:83594

RH102091 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:96425

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables mRNA 3'-UTR binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables mRNA base-pairing translational repressor activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables mRNA base-pairing translational repressor activity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in BMP signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of blood vessel development	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to gamma radiation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to ionizing radiation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to lipopolysaccharide	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to lipopolysaccharide	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to resveratrol	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in cellular response to virus	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in collagen metabolic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in embryo implantation	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in endothelial tube morphogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in cardiac fibroblast development	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in miRNA-mediated gene silencing by inhibition of translation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in miRNA-mediated gene silencing by inhibition of translation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of MAPK cascade	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
acts_upstream_of negative regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of Rac protein signal transduction	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of Rho protein signal transduction	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of angiogenesis	IC Inferred by Curator more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of angiogenesis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of apoptotic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of arginine catabolic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of cartilage development	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of cell migration	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of cell population proliferation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of chondrocyte proliferation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of endothelial cell migration	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of endothelial tube morphogenesis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of gene expression	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of negative regulation of gene expression	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of negative regulation of gene expression	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of gene expression	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of hydrogen sulfide biosynthetic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of innate immune response	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of negative regulation of interleukin-12 production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of interleukin-12 production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of interleukin-21 production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of stress fiber assembly	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of type I interferon production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in phenotypic switching	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of T-helper 17 cell differentiation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of T-helper 17 type immune response	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of angiogenesis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of apoptotic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of cell migration	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of cell migration	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of cell projection organization	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of cellular response to hypoxia	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
acts_upstream_of positive regulation of cytokine production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of endothelial cell differentiation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of endothelial cell migration	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of fat cell differentiation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of gene expression	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of inflammatory response	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of positive regulation of inflammatory response	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of inflammatory response to wounding	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of keratinocyte proliferation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of myofibroblast differentiation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of potassium ion export across plasma membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of protein phosphorylation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of protein phosphorylation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of replicative senescence	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle contraction	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport via high voltage-gated calcium channel	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of cell migration	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of cell shape	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of regulation of extracellular matrix organization	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
acts_upstream_of retinal cell apoptotic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
part_of RISC complex	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in cytoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular exosome	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular space	HDA more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular space	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular vesicle	HDA more info	PubMed

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.