LGALS3 galectin 3 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: LGALS3provided by HGNC
Official Full Name: galectin 3provided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:6563
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000131981 MIM:153619; AllianceGenome:HGNC:6563
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: L31; GAL3; MAC2; CBP35; GALBP; GALIG; LGALS2
Summary: This gene encodes a member of the galectin family of carbohydrate binding proteins. Members of this protein family have an affinity for beta-galactosides. The encoded protein is characterized by an N-terminal proline-rich tandem repeat domain and a single C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain. This protein can self-associate through the N-terminal domain allowing it to bind to multivalent saccharide ligands. This protein localizes to the extracellular matrix, the cytoplasm and the nucleus. This protein plays a role in numerous cellular functions including apoptosis, innate immunity, cell adhesion and T-cell regulation. The protein exhibits antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014]
Annotation information: Note: GeneID 3958 had the official symbol LGALS2 and was identified as the human homolog of mouse Mac-2 (macrophage galactose-specific lectin) in M35368.1 and PMID: 2402511. The official symbol for this gene is now LGALS3. [30 Mar 2010]
Expression: Broad expression in colon (RPKM 302.9), small intestine (RPKM 190.7) and 21 other tissues See more
Orthologs: mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 14q22.3

Exon count:: 6

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_08	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	14	NC_000014.9 (55129252..55145430)
RS_2024_08	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	14	NC_060938.1 (49334442..49350620)
RS_2024_09	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	14	NC_000014.8 (55595970..55612148)

Chromosome 14 - NC_000014.9 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
BioProject: PRJEB4337
Publication: PMID 24309898
Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Galectin-3, Galectin-9, and Interleukin-18 Are Associated with Monocyte/Macrophage Activation and Turnover More so than Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Cardiac Pathology or Encephalitis.
Title: Galectin-3, Galectin-9, and Interleukin-18 Are Associated with Monocyte/Macrophage Activation and Turnover More so than Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Cardiac Pathology or Encephalitis.
Galectin-3 contributes to pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy.
Title: Galectin-3 contributes to pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy.
Association between sleep patterns and galectin-3 in a Chinese community population.
Title: Association between sleep patterns and galectin-3 in a Chinese community population.
Decreased expression of galectin-3 in the epidermis of psoriasis patients.
Title: Decreased expression of galectin-3 in the epidermis of psoriasis patients.
Oxidative stress and galectin-3 levels during skin grafting after hand injury: gender differences.
Title: Oxidative stress and galectin-3 levels during skin grafting after hand injury: gender differences.
Galectin-3 depletion tames pro-tumoural microglia and restrains cancer cells growth.
Title: Galectin-3 depletion tames pro-tumoural microglia and restrains cancer cells growth.
Defining the mechanism of galectin-3-mediated TGF-beta1 activation and its role in lung fibrosis.
Title: Defining the mechanism of galectin-3-mediated TGF-β1 activation and its role in lung fibrosis.
A critical influence of HIF-1 on MMP-9 and Galectin-3 in oral lichen planus.
Title: A critical influence of HIF-1 on MMP-9 and Galectin-3 in oral lichen planus.
Scrutinising the Conformational Ensemble of the Intrinsically Mixed-Folded Protein Galectin-3.
Title: Scrutinising the Conformational Ensemble of the Intrinsically Mixed-Folded Protein Galectin-3.
Galectin-3 inhibition alleviated LPS-induced periodontal inflammation in gingival fibroblasts and experimental periodontitis mice.
Title: Galectin-3 inhibition alleviated LPS-induced periodontal inflammation in gingival fibroblasts and experimental periodontitis mice.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (907)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
A genome-wide association study of circulating galectin-3. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

HIV-1 interactions

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Replication interactions

Interaction	Pubs
Knockdown of galectin-3 by shRNA inhibits HIV-1 production in HuT 78 cells and infectivity in primary CD4+ T cells	PubMed

Protein interactions

Protein	Gene	Interaction	Pubs
Pr55(Gag)	gag	Galectin-3 is incorporated into virus particles in the presence of virion-associated Gag	PubMed
	gag	Galectin-3 co-localizes with HIV-1 Gag and Alix, and facilitates the association of Gag with Alix in cells	PubMed
Rev	rev	CBP35 was identified as part of a complex of ribonucleoproteins that bind to RRE RNA, an interaction that is abolished by Rev	PubMed
Tat	tat	HIV-1 Tat upregulates galectin-3 (carbohydrate-binding protein 35; CBP35) expression in an Sp-1 dependent manner	PubMed
Vpr	vpr	HIV-1 Vpr upregulates the gene expression of LGALS3 in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells	PubMed
capsid	gag	Overexpression of galectin-3 enhances HIV-1 production from HIV-1-infected Jurkat cells by measurement of virion-associated CA	PubMed
p6	gag	Knockdown of Alix by shRNA reduces the association of HIV-1 p6 with galectin-3 in cells	PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

RH70554 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:38161

WI-15390 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:38423

D14S878 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:10331

RH69146 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:42649

G35459 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:14777

RH69221 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:59639

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables IgE binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables IgE binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables RNA binding	HDA more info	PubMed
enables carbohydrate binding	EXP Inferred from Experiment more info	PubMed
enables chemoattractant activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables disaccharide binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables laminin binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables laminin binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables molecular condensate scaffold activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables oligosaccharide binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein phosphatase binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein phosphatase inhibitor activity	IC Inferred by Curator more info	PubMed
enables receptor ligand inhibitor activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables signaling receptor inhibitor activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in RNA splicing	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in eosinophil chemotaxis	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in eosinophil chemotaxis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in epithelial cell differentiation	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in innate immune response	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in killing of cells of another organism	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in mRNA processing	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in macrophage chemotaxis	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in macrophage chemotaxis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in monocyte chemotaxis	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in monocyte chemotaxis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in mononuclear cell migration	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of NK T cell activation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of endocytosis	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in negative regulation of endocytosis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of immunological synapse formation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
involved_in neutrophil chemotaxis	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in neutrophil chemotaxis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive chemotaxis	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in positive chemotaxis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of calcium ion import	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in positive regulation of calcium ion import	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
NOT involved_in positive regulation of dendritic cell differentiation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of mononuclear cell migration	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of protein-containing complex assembly	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of T cell apoptotic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of T cell proliferation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in cell surface	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
colocalizes_with collagen-containing extracellular matrix	HDA more info	PubMed
located_in collagen-containing extracellular matrix	HDA more info	PubMed
is_active_in cytoplasm	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in cytoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cytosol	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
located_in extracellular exosome	HDA more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular region	HDA more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular space	HDA more info	PubMed
is_active_in extracellular space	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
is_active_in extracellular space	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in ficolin-1-rich granule membrane	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
is_active_in immunological synapse	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in immunological synapse	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in membrane	HDA more info	PubMed
located_in mitochondrial inner membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in nucleoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
is_active_in nucleus	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in plasma membrane	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
located_in secretory granule membrane	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
part_of spliceosomal complex	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: galectin-3

Names: 35 kDa lectin; IgE-binding protein; MAC-2 antigen; advanced glycation end-product receptor 3; carbohydrate-binding protein 35; epididymis secretory sperm binding protein; galactose-specific lectin 3; laminin-binding protein; lectin L-29; lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 3

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

NG_017089.1 RefSeqGene

Range

5036..21207

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001357678.2 → NP_001344607.1 galectin-3 isoform 3

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AB006780, AL139316, BU681070

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q6FGL0, Q6NVH9

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cd00070
Location:131 → 258

GLECT; Galectin/galactose-binding lectin. This domain exclusively binds beta-galactosides, such as lactose, and does not require metal ions for activity. GLECT domains occur as homodimers or tandemly repeated domains. They are developmentally regulated and may ...

cl26386
Location:23 → 127

DNA_pol3_gamma3; DNA polymerase III subunits gamma and tau domain III
NM_002306.4 → NP_002297.2 galectin-3 isoform 1

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_002297.2

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes isoform 1.

Source sequence(s)

AB006780, BU681070

Consensus CDS

CCDS41956.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

B2RC38, P17931, Q16005, Q6IBA7, Q96J47

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A024R693, Q6FGL0, Q6NVH9

Related

ENSP00000254301.9, ENST00000254301.14

Conserved Domains (2) summary

PRK07764
Location:9 → 113

PRK07764; DNA polymerase III subunits gamma and tau; Validated

cd00070
Location:117 → 244

GLECT; Galectin/galactose-binding lectin. This domain exclusively binds beta-galactosides, such as lactose, and does not require metal ions for activity. GLECT domains occur as homodimers or tandemly repeated domains. They are developmentally regulated and may ...

RNA

NR_003225.2 RNA Sequence

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (2) has an alternate 5' exon, compared to variant 1. This variant is represented as non-coding because the use of the 5'-most supported translational start codon, as used in variant 1, renders the transcript a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD).

Source sequence(s)

AL139316, BU681070, BX641090

Related

ENST00000556438.6

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

NC_000014.9 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Range

55129252..55145430

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

NC_060938.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Range

49334442..49350620

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Suppressed Reference Sequence(s)

The following Reference Sequences have been suppressed. Explain

NM_001177388.1: Suppressed sequence

Description

NM_001177388.1: This RefSeq was removed because currently there is insufficient support for the transcript and the protein.