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    PTX3 pentraxin 3 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 5806, updated on 28-Oct-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    PTX3provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    pentraxin 3provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:9692
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000163661 MIM:602492; AllianceGenome:HGNC:9692
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    TSG-14; TNFAIP5
    Summary
    This gene encodes a member of the pentraxin protein family. The expression of this protein is induced by inflammatory cytokines in response to inflammatory stimuli in several mesenchymal and epithelial cell types, particularly endothelial cells and mononuclear phagocytes. The protein promotes fibrocyte differentiation and is involved in regulating inflammation and complement activation. It also plays a role in angiogenesis and tissue remodeling. The protein serves as a biomarker for several inflammatory conditions. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2016]
    Expression
    Biased expression in bone marrow (RPKM 32.2), appendix (RPKM 24.8) and 6 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    mouse all
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    Genomic context

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    See PTX3 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    3q25.32
    Exon count:
    3
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 3 NC_000003.12 (157436850..157443633)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 3 NC_060927.1 (160211418..160218201)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 3 NC_000003.11 (157154639..157161422)

    Chromosome 3 - NC_000003.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC101928236 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105374179 Neighboring gene VISTA enhancer hs2571 Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:156973526-156974057 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:156992312-156992853 Neighboring gene PCBP2 pseudogene 4 Neighboring gene ventricular zone expressed PH domain containing 1 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:157216797-157217361 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:157217362-157217925 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr3:157220998-157221232 Neighboring gene CRISPRi-validated cis-regulatory element chr3.4666 Neighboring gene solute carrier family 66 member 1 like, pseudogene Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_65660 Neighboring gene VISTA enhancer hs638 Neighboring gene RN7SK pseudogene 46

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Inflammatory biomarkers in atherosclerosis: pentraxin 3 can become a novel marker of plaque vulnerability. Shindo A, et al. PLoS One, 2014. PMID 24936646, Free PMC Article
    2. Pentraxin 3 is associated with disease activity but not atherosclerosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Shimada Y, et al. Mod Rheumatol, 2014 Jan. PMID 24261762
    3. Plasma pentraxin 3 concentrations in patients with acute pancreatitis. Kusnierz-Cabala B, et al. Clin Lab, 2013. PMID 24273922
    4. Evaluation of the association of plasma pentraxin 3 levels with type 2 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy in a Malay population. Abu Seman N, et al. J Diabetes Res, 2013. PMID 24350299, Free PMC Article
    5. Elevated Pentraxin 3 in bone metastatic breast cancer is correlated with osteolytic function. Choi B, et al. Oncotarget, 2014 Jan 30. PMID 24457902, Free PMC Article

    See all (493) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. NAT10 promotes synovial aggression by increasing the stability and translation of N4-acetylated PTX3 mRNA in rheumatoid arthritis.
      Title: NAT10 promotes synovial aggression by increasing the stability and translation of N4-acetylated PTX3 mRNA in rheumatoid arthritis.
    2. Functional variants of the pentraxin 3 gene are associated with the metastasis and progression of prostate cancer.
      Title: Functional variants of the pentraxin 3 gene are associated with the metastasis and progression of prostate cancer.
    3. EGF-like growth factors upregulate pentraxin 3 expression in human granulosa-lutein cells.
      Title: EGF-like growth factors upregulate pentraxin 3 expression in human granulosa-lutein cells.
    4. Neutrophil activation biomarker pentraxin 3 for diagnosis and monitoring of macrophage activation syndrome occurrence in adult-onset Still's disease.
      Title: Neutrophil activation biomarker pentraxin 3 for diagnosis and monitoring of macrophage activation syndrome occurrence in adult-onset Still's disease.
    5. The role of pentraxin 3 and oxidative status in the prognosis of multiple myeloma.
      Title: The role of pentraxin 3 and oxidative status in the prognosis of multiple myeloma.
    6. Pentraxin 3 exacerbates psoriasiform dermatitis through regulation of macrophage polarization.
      Title: Pentraxin 3 exacerbates psoriasiform dermatitis through regulation of macrophage polarization.
    7. Bone morphogenetic protein 6 induces downregulation of pentraxin 3 expression in human granulosa lutein cells in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
      Title: Bone morphogenetic protein 6 induces downregulation of pentraxin 3 expression in human granulosa lutein cells in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
    8. Long pentraxin 3 and vitamin D receptor mRNA expression pattern of cumulus granulosa cells isolated from PCOS oocytes at different stages of nuclear maturation.
      Title: Long pentraxin 3 and vitamin D receptor mRNA expression pattern of cumulus granulosa cells isolated from PCOS oocytes at different stages of nuclear maturation.
    9. Serum Pentaxin 3 (PTX3) Promotes NLRP3 Inflammasome and Pyroptosis in Patients with Up-Regulated Myasthenia Gravis.
      Title: Serum Pentaxin 3 (PTX3) Promotes NLRP3 Inflammasome and Pyroptosis in Patients with Up-Regulated Myasthenia Gravis.
    10. Role of long pentraxin PTX3 in cancer.
      Title: Role of long pentraxin PTX3 in cancer.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (452)

    Phenotypes

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    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    Variation

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    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    Genotypes

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables (1->3)-beta-D-glucan binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables complement component C1q complex binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables complement component C1q complex binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables identical protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables virion binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in extracellular matrix organization IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in inflammatory response TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in innate immune response IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in innate immune response IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation by host of viral exo-alpha-sialidase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation by host of viral glycoprotein metabolic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation by host of viral process IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in negative regulation of exo-alpha-sialidase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of glycoprotein metabolic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of viral entry into host cell IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in opsonization IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in ovarian cumulus expansion IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of phagocytosis IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in response to yeast IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in extracellular matrix IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    located_in extracellular region TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    is_active_in extracellular space IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in extracellular space IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in specific granule lumen TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    located_in tertiary granule lumen TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    pentraxin-related protein PTX3
    Names
    TNF alpha-induced protein 5
    long pentraxin 3
    tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 5
    tumor necrosis factor-inducible gene 14 protein
    tumor necrosis factor-inducible protein TSG-14

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_051000.1 RefSeqGene

      Range
      5060..11843
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_002852.4 → NP_002843.2  pentraxin-related protein PTX3 precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_002843.2

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC020630, BC039733, BQ010272, DA716533
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS3180.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B2R6T6, P26022, Q38M82
      Related
      ENSP00000295927.3, ENST00000295927.4
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      smart00159
      Location:175 → 381
      PTX; Pentraxin / C-reactive protein / pentaxin family
      cl23844
      Location:81 → 167
      Ble; Predicted trehalose synthase [Carbohydrate transport and metabolism]

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000003.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      157436850..157443633
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060927.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      160211418..160218201
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    P26022.3 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P26022

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

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