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    GDF1 growth differentiation factor 1 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 2657, updated on 2-Nov-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    GDF1provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    growth differentiation factor 1provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:4214
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000130283 MIM:602880; AllianceGenome:HGNC:4214
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    RAI; DORV; LAG1; UOG1; CERS1; CHTD6; DTGA3; LASS1
    Summary
    This gene encodes a secreted ligand of the TGF-beta (transforming growth factor-beta) superfamily of proteins. Ligands of this family bind various TGF-beta receptors leading to recruitment and activation of SMAD family transcription factors that regulate gene expression. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate each subunit of the disulfide-linked homodimer. Studies in rodents suggest that this protein is involved in the establishment of left-right asymmetry in early embryogenesis and in neural development in later embryogenesis. The encoded protein is translated from a bicistronic mRNA that also encodes ceramide synthase 1. Mutations in this gene are associated with several congenital cardiovascular malformations. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]
    Expression
    Biased expression in brain (RPKM 26.0) and testis (RPKM 5.5) See more
    Orthologs
    mouse all
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    Genomic context

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    See GDF1 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    19p13.11
    Exon count:
    8
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 19 NC_000019.10 (18868545..18896158, complement)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 19 NC_060943.1 (19004162..19031781, complement)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 19 NC_000019.9 (18979354..19006967, complement)

    Chromosome 19 - NC_000019.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 10417 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:18900694-18901273 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:18901274-18901854 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:18901855-18902433 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:18905989-18906518 Neighboring gene cartilage oligomeric matrix protein Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 2922 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 10418 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 10419 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 10420 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 10421 Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:18944963-18945515 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 14332 Neighboring gene UPF1 RNA helicase and ATPase Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 14333 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr19:18960435-18960659 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 10422 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 10423 Neighboring gene ceramide synthase 1 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:18994867-18995367 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 10424 Neighboring gene COPI coat complex subunit epsilon Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:19028406-19029296 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 10425 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 14334 Neighboring gene DEAD-box helicase 49

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Homozygous variants in the GDF1 gene related to recurrent right isomerism and complex CHD in two Indian families. Krishna MR, et al. Cardiol Young, 2022 Dec. PMID 35351224
    2. Arsenic suppresses GDF1 expression via ROS-dependent downregulation of specificity protein 1. Gao X, et al. Environ Pollut, 2021 Feb 15. PMID 33360347
    3. A founder truncating variant in GDF1 causes autosomal-recessive right isomerism and associated congenital heart defects in multiplex Arab kindreds. Marek-Yagel D, et al. Am J Med Genet A, 2020 May. PMID 32144877
    4. Loss-of-function mutations in growth differentiation factor-1 (GDF1) are associated with congenital heart defects in humans. Karkera JD, et al. Am J Hum Genet, 2007 Nov. PMID 17924340, Free PMC Article
    5. Correlation of inhibitor of differentiation 1 expression to tumor progression, poor differentiation and aggressive behaviors in cervical carcinoma. Li J, et al. Gynecol Oncol, 2009 Jul. PMID 19359031

    See all (27) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Human colorectal cancer: upregulation of the adaptor protein Rai in TILs leads to cell dysfunction by sustaining GSK-3 activation and PD-1 expression.
      Title: Human colorectal cancer: upregulation of the adaptor protein Rai in TILs leads to cell dysfunction by sustaining GSK-3 activation and PD-1 expression.
    2. Homozygous variants in the GDF1 gene related to recurrent right isomerism and complex CHD in two Indian families.
      Title: Homozygous variants in the GDF1 gene related to recurrent right isomerism and complex CHD in two Indian families.
    3. Arsenic suppresses GDF1 expression via ROS-dependent downregulation of specificity protein 1.
      Title: Arsenic suppresses GDF1 expression via ROS-dependent downregulation of specificity protein 1.
    4. A founder truncating variant in GDF1 causes autosomal-recessive right isomerism and associated congenital heart defects in multiplex Arab kindreds.
      Title: A founder truncating variant in GDF1 causes autosomal-recessive right isomerism and associated congenital heart defects in multiplex Arab kindreds.
    5. Nkx2.5 acts upstream of GDF1 and the genetic variants in GDF1 promoter may confer genetic susceptibility to sporadic CHD potentially by altering its expression.
      Title: Association of functional variant in GDF1 promoter with risk of congenital heart disease and its regulation by Nkx2.5.
    6. Rare inherited and de novo variants in 2,871 congenital heart disease probands identified GDF1, MYH6, and FLT4 as causative genes.
      Title: Contribution of rare inherited and de novo variants in 2,871 congenital heart disease probands.
    7. Our results suggest that the GDF1 rs4808863 polymorphism contributes to an increased risk of fetal CHDs, especially the subtypes of AVSD, LVOTO and left-right laterality defects.
      Title: Association of GDF1 rs4808863 with fetal congenital heart defects: a case-control study.
    8. This implies that Gdf1 potentiates Nodal activity by stabilizing a low molecular weight fraction that is susceptible to neutralization by soluble Acvr2.
      Title: Nodal·Gdf1 heterodimers with bound prodomains enable serum-independent nodal signaling and endoderm differentiation.
    9. indicate that the expression of growth/differentiation factor 1 (GDF1) is up-regulated in human dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)hearts and murine hypertrophic hearts.
      Title: Growth/differentiation factor 1 alleviates pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction.
    10. GDF1 may be associated with congenital heart defects risk, and these variations contribute at least in part to the development of some subtypes of conotruncal defects in the Chinese Han population.
      Title: Association of growth/differentiation factor 1 gene polymorphisms with the risk of congenital heart disease in the Chinese Han population.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (14)

    Phenotypes

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    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    Associated conditions

    Description Tests
    Congenital heart defects, multiple types, 6
    MedGen: C3151221 OMIM: 613854 GeneReviews: Not available
    		Compare labs
    Right atrial isomerism
    MedGen: C3178806 OMIM: 208530 GeneReviews: Not available
    		Compare labs

    Variation

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    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    Genotypes

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables cytokine activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables growth factor activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in signal transduction IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    is_active_in extracellular space IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    embryonic growth/differentiation factor 1
    Names
    Ceramide synthase 1
    LAG1 longevity assurance homolog 1
    Longevity assurance gene 1 protein homolog 1
    Protein UOG-1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_012070.1 RefSeqGene

      Range
      4987..32600
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001387438.1 → NP_001374367.1  embryonic growth/differentiation factor 1 precursor

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC003972, AC005197
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS42526.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O43344, P27539
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd13764
      Location:267 → 372
      TGF_beta_GDF1_3_like; transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) like domain found in embryonic growth/differentiation factor 1 (GDF1), factor 3 (GDF3) and similar proteins

    2. NM_001492.6 → NP_001483.3  embryonic growth/differentiation factor 1 precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001483.3

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC003972, AC005197, M62302
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS42526.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O43344, P27539
      Related
      ENSP00000247005.5, ENST00000247005.8
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd13764
      Location:267 → 372
      TGF_beta_GDF1_3_like; transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) like domain found in embryonic growth/differentiation factor 1 (GDF1), factor 3 (GDF3) and similar proteins

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000019.10 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      18868545..18896158 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060943.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      19004162..19031781 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    P27539.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P27539

    Gene LinkOut

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