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    GPR21 G protein-coupled receptor 21 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 2844, updated on 28-Oct-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    GPR21provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    G protein-coupled receptor 21provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:4476
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000188394 MIM:601909; AllianceGenome:HGNC:4476
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Summary
    This gene encodes a member of the G-protein-coupled receptor 1 family. G-protein coupled receptors are membrane proteins which activate signaling cascades as a response to extracellular stress. The encoded protein activates a Gq signal transduction pathway which mobilizes calcium. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012]
    Expression
    Low expression observed in reference dataset See more
    Orthologs
    mouse all
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    Genomic context

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    See GPR21 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    9q33.2
    Exon count:
    2
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 9 NC_000009.12 (123033667..123049103)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 9 NC_060933.1 (135230916..135239991)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 9 NC_000009.11 (125795946..125797944)

    Chromosome 9 - NC_000009.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene RAB GTPase activating protein 1 Neighboring gene RNY1 pseudogene 15 Neighboring gene ribosomal protein S25 pseudogene 8 Neighboring gene COP9 signalosome subunit 2 pseudogene Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr9:125834601-125835274 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 8358 Neighboring gene MIR600 host gene Neighboring gene microRNA 600 Neighboring gene spermatid perinuclear RNA binding protein

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Cryo-EM structures of orphan GPR21 signaling complexes. Lin X, et al. Nat Commun, 2023 Jan 13. PMID 36639690, Free PMC Article
    2. G protein-coupled receptor 21 in macrophages: An in vitro study. Bordano V, et al. Eur J Pharmacol, 2022 Jul 5. PMID 35537492
    3. Identification of signal transduction pathways used by orphan g protein-coupled receptors. Bresnick JN, et al. Assay Drug Dev Technol, 2003 Apr. PMID 15090189
    4. Deletion of GPR21 improves glucose homeostasis and inhibits the CCL2-CCR2 axis by divergent mechanisms. Riddy DM, et al. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care, 2021 Nov. PMID 34782333, Free PMC Article
    5. Regulating the effects of GPR21, a novel target for type 2 diabetes. Leonard S, et al. Sci Rep, 2016 May 31. PMID 27243589, Free PMC Article

    See all (13) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Cryo-EM structures of orphan GPR21 signaling complexes.
      Title: Cryo-EM structures of orphan GPR21 signaling complexes.
    2. G protein-coupled receptor 21 in macrophages: An in vitro study.
      Title: G protein-coupled receptor 21 in macrophages: An in vitro study.
    3. Deletion of GPR21 improves glucose homeostasis and inhibits the CCL2-CCR2 axis by divergent mechanisms.
      Title: Deletion of GPR21 improves glucose homeostasis and inhibits the CCL2-CCR2 axis by divergent mechanisms.
    4. GPR21 is up-regulated in type 2 diabetes.
      Title: Regulating the effects of GPR21, a novel target for type 2 diabetes.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

    Phenotypes

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    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    Variation

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    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    Genotypes

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables G protein-coupled receptor activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables trace-amine receptor activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in glucose homeostasis IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in insulin receptor signaling pathway IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of multicellular organism growth IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    is_active_in plasma membrane IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in plasma membrane IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    probable G-protein coupled receptor 21

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_005294.3 → NP_005285.1  probable G-protein coupled receptor 21

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_005285.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AK299686, BC066885, DA792401, DN989991
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS6849.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B2R8W9, Q6NXU2, Q99679
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      H9NIL4, Q6NWM5
      Related
      ENSP00000482287.1, ENST00000616002.3
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd00637
      Location:31 → 308
      7tm_classA_rhodopsin-like; rhodopsin receptor-like class A family of the seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor superfamily

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000009.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      123033667..123049103
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_005251933.5 → XP_005251990.1  probable G-protein coupled receptor 21 isoform X1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_005251990.1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B2R8W9, Q6NXU2, Q99679
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      H9NIL4, Q6NWM5
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd00637
      Location:31 → 308
      7tm_classA_rhodopsin-like; rhodopsin receptor-like class A family of the seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor superfamily

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060933.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      135230916..135239991
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_054362762.1 → XP_054218737.1  probable G-protein coupled receptor 21 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B2R8W9, Q6NXU2, Q99679
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      H9NIL4
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q99679.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q99679

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

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