par-4 Serine/threonine-protein kinase par-4 [Caenorhabditis elegans] - Gene

Summary

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Official Symbol: par-4
Official Full Name: Serine/threonine-protein kinase par-4
Primary source: WormBase:WBGene00003919
Locus tag: CELE_Y59A8B.14
See related: AllianceGenome:WB:WBGene00003919
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans (strain: Bristol N2)
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Nematoda; Chromadorea; Rhabditida; Rhabditina; Rhabditomorpha; Rhabditoidea; Rhabditidae; Peloderinae; Caenorhabditis
Summary: Enables calmodulin binding activity and protein serine/threonine kinase activity. Involved in several processes, including asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate determination; determination of adult lifespan; and positive regulation of dauer larval development. Located in cell cortex. Is expressed in several structures, including gonad. Used to study Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome; familial melanoma; female reproductive organ cancer (multiple); and pancreatic cancer. Orthologous to human STK11 (serine/threonine kinase 11). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Nov 2024]
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Genomic context

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See par-4 in Genome Data Viewer

Location:: chromosome: V

Exon count:: 11

Sequence:: Chromosome: V; NC_003283.11 (18098687..18106405)

Chromosome V - NC_003283.11 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:: NC_003283.11

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

PAR-4/LKB1 prevents intestinal hyperplasia by restricting endoderm specification in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos.
Title: PAR-4/LKB1 prevents intestinal hyperplasia by restricting endoderm specification in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos.
the regulation of the cytoskeleton and cell polarity may contribute significantly to the tumour suppressor function of LKB1/par-4.
Title: Genome-wide surveys reveal polarity and cytoskeletal regulators mediate LKB1-associated germline stem cell quiescence.
our results imply that DAF-18/PTEN, through PAR-4/LKB1, can activate AAK-1/AMPK in the absence of apparent energy stress. As all components are conserved, similar signalling cascades may regulate stem cell activities in other organisms and be widely implicated in cancer.
Title: DAF-18/PTEN signals through AAK-1/AMPK to inhibit MPK-1/MAPK in feedback control of germline stem cell proliferation.
We report here that din-1S is required in parallel to par-4/LKB1 signaling within the gonad to establish cell cycle quiescence during the onset of the dauer stage.
Title: Developmental and Cell Cycle Quiescence Is Mediated by the Nuclear Hormone Receptor Coregulator DIN-1S in the Caenorhabditis elegans Dauer Larva.
PAR-4/LKB1 impinges on myosin via two pathways, an anillin-dependent pathway that also responds to the cullin CUL-5 and an anillin-independent pathway involving the kinase PIG-1/MELK.
Title: PAR-4 and anillin regulate myosin to coordinate spindle and furrow position during asymmetric division.
DNA replication is asymmetrically regulated in the two-cell stage embryo and the PAR-4 and PAR-1 polarity proteins dampen DNA replication dynamics specifically in the posterior blastomere.
Title: PAR-4/LKB1 regulates DNA replication during asynchronous division of the early C. elegans embryo.
Par-4 activates PIG-1 by phosphorylation of T169.
Title: Caenorhabditis elegans PIG-1/MELK acts in a conserved PAR-4/LKB1 polarity pathway to promote asymmetric neuroblast divisions.
These results indicate that PAR-4 controls C. elegans embryonic polarity by regulating the activity of anillin family scaffold proteins, thus enabling turnover of cortical myosin and efficient actomyosin contractility.
Title: PAR-4/LKB1 mobilizes nonmuscle myosin through anillin to regulate C. elegans embryonic polarization and cytokinesis.
the serine-threonine kinase PAR-4 (LKB1) was selectively required for the activity of the UNC-40 pathway in dendrite outgrowth.
Title: UNC-6 and UNC-40 promote dendritic growth through PAR-4 in Caenorhabditis elegans neurons.
strd-1/STRAD mutants recapitulate many phenotypes typical of par-4/LKB1 loss of function, showing defects during early embryonic and dauer development.
Title: Differential requirements for STRAD in LKB1-dependent functions in C. elegans.

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

Y59A8B.a (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:324449

Homology

Orthologs from OrthoDB

Gene Ontology Provided by WormBase

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables ATP binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables calmodulin binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables metal ion binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein serine kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in asymmetric cell division	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in asymmetric neuroblast division	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in asymmetric neuroblast division	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate determination	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in cell differentiation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in determination of adult lifespan	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in establishment of cell polarity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in establishment or maintenance of cell polarity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of dauer larval development	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of locomotion	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in protein phosphorylation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in regulation of actomyosin contractile ring contraction	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of cell cycle	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in regulation of cell cycle	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to oxidative stress	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in cell cortex	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cell cortex	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in cytoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cytoplasm	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: Serine/threonine-protein kinase par-4

NP_001366977.1

Confirmed by transcript evidence

NP_001367284.1

Confirmed by transcript evidence

NP_001367285.1

Confirmed by transcript evidence

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

NC_003283.11 Reference assembly

Range

18098687..18106405

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001380857.2 → NP_001366977.1 Serine/threonine-protein kinase par-4 [Caenorhabditis elegans]

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

G5EES7, G5EGA8, Q9GN62, Q9Y0C1

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cl21453
Location:189 → 446

PKc_like; Protein Kinases, catalytic domain
NM_001380858.1 → NP_001367285.1 Serine/threonine-protein kinase par-4 [Caenorhabditis elegans]

Status: REVIEWED

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cl21453
Location:185 → 442

PKc_like; Protein Kinases, catalytic domain
NM_001380859.1 → NP_001367284.1 Serine/threonine-protein kinase par-4 [Caenorhabditis elegans]

Status: REVIEWED

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cl21453
Location:48 → 305

PKc_like; Protein Kinases, catalytic domain