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    LOXL4 lysyl oxidase like 4 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 84171, updated on 2-Nov-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    LOXL4provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    lysyl oxidase like 4provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:17171
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000138131 MIM:607318; AllianceGenome:HGNC:17171
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    LOXC
    Summary
    This gene encodes a member of the lysyl oxidase gene family. The prototypic member of the family is essential to the biogenesis of connective tissue, encoding an extracellular copper-dependent amine oxidase that catalyses the first step in the formation of crosslinks in collagens and elastin. A highly conserved amino acid sequence at the C-terminus end appears to be sufficient for amine oxidase activity, suggesting that each family member may retain this function. The N-terminus is poorly conserved and may impart additional roles in developmental regulation, senescence, tumor suppression, cell growth control, and chemotaxis to each member of the family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
    Expression
    Broad expression in thyroid (RPKM 4.0), testis (RPKM 3.7) and 22 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    mouse all
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    Genomic context

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    See LOXL4 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    10q24.2
    Exon count:
    17
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 10 NC_000010.11 (98247690..98268194, complement)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 10 NC_060934.1 (99128069..99148240, complement)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 10 NC_000010.10 (100007447..100027951, complement)

    Chromosome 10 - NC_000010.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:99635581-99636081 Neighboring gene P300/CBP strongly-dependent group 1 enhancer GRCh37_chr10:99641761-99642960 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:99647957-99648570 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:99648571-99649183 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:99649184-99649796 Neighboring gene cartilage acidic protein 1 Neighboring gene microRNA 3085 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:99674250-99674826 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:99712853-99713551 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:99734318-99734920 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:99734921-99735522 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 3860 Neighboring gene MED14-independent group 3 enhancer GRCh37_chr10:99885542-99886741 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:99894841-99895630 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 3862 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:99911422-99912174 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:99912926-99913677 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:99913678-99914428 Neighboring gene R3H domain and coiled-coil containing 1 like Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 3863 Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:99933024-99933525 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:99983165-99983698 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:99983699-99984230 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:100021241-100022130 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:100026897-100027398 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:100027399-100027898 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124902489 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:100081209-100081774 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 3864 Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:100113671-100114175 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 15191 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105378449 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:100127757-100128375

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. LOXL4 as a selective molecular marker in primary and metastatic head/neck carcinoma. Scola N, et al. Anticancer Res, 2010 Nov. PMID 21115907
    2. Clinical significance of LOXL4 expression and features of LOXL4-associated protein-protein interaction network in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Xie W, et al. Amino Acids, 2019 May. PMID 30900087
    3. Derepression of LOXL4 inhibits liver cancer growth by reactivating compromised p53. Shao J, et al. Cell Death Differ, 2019 Nov. PMID 30728460, Free PMC Article
    4. Lysyl oxidase-like 4 involvement in retinoic acid epithelial wound healing. Comptour A, et al. Sci Rep, 2016 Sep 6. PMID 27597564, Free PMC Article
    5. Differential expression of LOXL4 in normal and tumour tissue samples of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Yilmaz M, et al. Clin Otolaryngol, 2016 Jun. PMID 26138381

    See all (64) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. LOXL4 Shuttled by Tumor Cells-derived Extracellular Vesicles Promotes Immune Escape in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Activating the STAT1/PD-L1 Axis.
      Title: LOXL4 Shuttled by Tumor Cells-derived Extracellular Vesicles Promotes Immune Escape in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Activating the STAT1/PD-L1 Axis.
    2. The possibilities of LOXL4 as a prognostic marker for carcinomas.
      Title: The possibilities of LOXL4 as a prognostic marker for carcinomas.
    3. LOXL4, but not LOXL2, is the critical determinant of pathological collagen cross-linking and fibrosis in the lung.
      Title: LOXL4, but not LOXL2, is the critical determinant of pathological collagen cross-linking and fibrosis in the lung.
    4. Lysyl Oxidase Like-4 (LOXL4) as a tumor marker and prognosticator in advanced stage laryngeal cancer.
      Title: Lysyl Oxidase Like-4 (LOXL4) as a tumor marker and prognosticator in advanced stage laryngeal cancer.
    5. LAMA2 and LOXL4 are candidate FSGS genes.
      Title: LAMA2 and LOXL4 are candidate FSGS genes.
    6. Lysyl Oxidase-Like 4 Fosters an Immunosuppressive Microenvironment During Hepatocarcinogenesis.
      Title: Lysyl Oxidase-Like 4 Fosters an Immunosuppressive Microenvironment During Hepatocarcinogenesis.
    7. LOXL4 Abrogation Does Not Exaggerate Angiotensin II-Induced Thoracic or Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in Mice.
      Title: LOXL4 Abrogation Does Not Exaggerate Angiotensin II-Induced Thoracic or Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in Mice.
    8. Neutrophils expressing lysyl oxidase-like 4 protein are present in colorectal cancer liver metastases resistant to anti-angiogenic therapy.
      Title: Neutrophils expressing lysyl oxidase-like 4 protein are present in colorectal cancer liver metastases resistant to anti-angiogenic therapy.
    9. Derepression of LOXL4 inhibits liver cancer growth by reactivating compromised p53.
      Title: Derepression of LOXL4 inhibits liver cancer growth by reactivating compromised p53.
    10. we confirmed that LOXL4 could serve as a downstream target of miR-210 and miR-210 promoted lung cancer progression via targeting LOXL4. In A549 and H1650 cells, knockdown of LOXL4 dramatically repressed lung cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion.
      Title: miR-210 promotes lung adenocarcinoma proliferation, migration, and invasion by targeting lysyl oxidase-like 4.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (36)

    Phenotypes

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    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    Variation

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    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    Genotypes

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Clone Names

    • FLJ21889

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables copper ion binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein-lysine 6-oxidase activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables protein-lysine 6-oxidase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in collagen fibril organization IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    is_active_in collagen-containing extracellular matrix IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in extracellular exosome HDA PubMed 
    is_active_in extracellular space IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in membrane IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    part_of receptor complex IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    lysyl oxidase homolog 4
    Names
    lysyl oxidase related C
    lysyl oxidase-like 4 pseudogene
    lysyl oxidase-like protein 4
    lysyl oxidase-related protein C
    NP_115587.6
    XP_005270273.1
    XP_006718083.1
    XP_024304000.1
    XP_047281791.1
    XP_047281792.1
    XP_054222884.1
    XP_054222885.1
    XP_054222886.1
    XP_054222887.1
    XP_054222888.1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_032211.7 → NP_115587.6  lysyl oxidase homolog 4 precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_115587.6

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AK172781, BC013153, W44920
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS7473.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q5W0B3, Q96DY1, Q96JB6, Q96PC0, Q9H6T5
      Related
      ENSP00000260702.3, ENST00000260702.4
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      smart00202
      Location:32 → 132
      SR; Scavenger receptor Cys-rich
      pfam00530
      Location:41 → 132
      SRCR; Scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain
      pfam01186
      Location:533 → 728
      Lysyl_oxidase; Lysyl oxidase

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000010.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      98247690..98268194 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_005270216.3 → XP_005270273.1  lysyl oxidase homolog 4 isoform X1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_005270273.1

      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      smart00202
      Location:32 → 132
      SR; Scavenger receptor Cys-rich
      pfam01186
      Location:534 → 733
      Lysyl_oxidase; Lysyl oxidase

    2. XM_047425835.1 → XP_047281791.1  lysyl oxidase homolog 4 isoform X2

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q5W0B3, Q96DY1, Q96JB6, Q96PC0, Q9H6T5

    3. XM_006718020.2 → XP_006718083.1  lysyl oxidase homolog 4 isoform X1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006718083.1

      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      smart00202
      Location:32 → 132
      SR; Scavenger receptor Cys-rich
      pfam01186
      Location:534 → 733
      Lysyl_oxidase; Lysyl oxidase

    4. XM_047425836.1 → XP_047281792.1  lysyl oxidase homolog 4 isoform X2

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q5W0B3, Q96DY1, Q96JB6, Q96PC0, Q9H6T5

    5. XM_024448232.1 → XP_024304000.1  lysyl oxidase homolog 4 isoform X1

      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      smart00202
      Location:32 → 132
      SR; Scavenger receptor Cys-rich
      pfam01186
      Location:534 → 733
      Lysyl_oxidase; Lysyl oxidase

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060934.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      99128069..99148240 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_054366909.1 → XP_054222884.1  lysyl oxidase homolog 4 isoform X1

    2. XM_054366912.1 → XP_054222887.1  lysyl oxidase homolog 4 isoform X2

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q5W0B3, Q96DY1, Q96JB6, Q96PC0, Q9H6T5

    3. XM_054366910.1 → XP_054222885.1  lysyl oxidase homolog 4 isoform X1

    4. XM_054366913.1 → XP_054222888.1  lysyl oxidase homolog 4 isoform X2

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q5W0B3, Q96DY1, Q96JB6, Q96PC0, Q9H6T5

    5. XM_054366911.1 → XP_054222886.1  lysyl oxidase homolog 4 isoform X1

    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q96JB6.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q96JB6

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

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