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Tnf tumor necrosis factor [ Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) ]

Gene ID: 24835, updated on 28-Oct-2024

Summary

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Symbol: Tnfprovided by RGD
Full Name: tumor necrosis factorprovided by RGD
Primary source: RGD:3876
See related: EnsemblRapid:ENSRNOG00000070745 AllianceGenome:RGD:3876
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Also known as: Tnfa; RATTNF; TNF-alpha
Summary: Enables tumor necrosis factor receptor binding activity. Involved in several processes, including negative regulation of transport; positive regulation of cell communication; and positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process. Acts upstream of or within positive regulation of interleukin-6 production. Located in external side of plasma membrane; extracellular space; and neuronal cell body. Is active in extracellular region. Used to study several diseases, including cerebrovascular disease (multiple); liver disease (multiple); peptic esophagitis; perinatal necrotizing enterocolitis; and periventricular leukomalacia. Biomarker of several diseases, including artery disease (multiple); brain disease (multiple); congestive heart failure (multiple); liver disease (multiple); and lung disease (multiple). Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in several diseases, including artery disease (multiple); autoimmune disease (multiple); eye disease (multiple); lung disease (multiple); and skin disease (multiple). Orthologous to human TNF (tumor necrosis factor). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Oct 2024]
Expression: Biased expression in Thymus (RPKM 30.7), Spleen (RPKM 26.5) and 9 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human mouse all
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Genomic context

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See Tnf in Genome Data Viewer

Location:: 20p12

Exon count:: 4

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1)	20	NC_086038.1 (3626685..3629303)
RS_2023_06	previous assembly	mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2)	20	NC_051355.1 (3622011..3624629)
106	previous assembly	Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5)	20	NC_005119.4 (5189382..5192000, complement)

Chromosome 20 - NC_086038.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
BioProject: PRJNA238328
Publication: PMID 24510058
Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Effect of huankuile on colon injury in rats with ulcerative colitis by reducing TNF-alpha and MMP9.
Title: Effect of huankuile on colon injury in rats with ulcerative colitis by reducing TNF-α and MMP9.
Mechanism of TNF- alpha inducing apoptosis and autophagy of chondrocytes by activating NF- kappa B signal pathway.
Title: Mechanism of TNF- α inducing apoptosis and autophagy of chondrocytes by activating NF- κ B signal pathway.
TNF-alpha Mediated the Disruption of Hepatic Tight Junction Expression in Blood-Biliary Barrier of Colitis via Downregulating PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway.
Title: TNF-α Mediated the Disruption of Hepatic Tight Junction Expression in Blood-Biliary Barrier of Colitis via Downregulating PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway.
Upregulation of lysine-specific demethylase 6B aggravates inflammatory pain through H3K27me3 demethylation-dependent production of TNF-alpha in the dorsal root ganglia and spinal dorsal horn in rats.
Title: Upregulation of lysine-specific demethylase 6B aggravates inflammatory pain through H3K27me3 demethylation-dependent production of TNF-α in the dorsal root ganglia and spinal dorsal horn in rats.
Activation of the TNF-alpha-Necroptosis Pathway in Parvalbumin-Expressing Interneurons of the Anterior Cingulate Cortex Contributes to Neuropathic Pain.
Title: Activation of the TNF-α-Necroptosis Pathway in Parvalbumin-Expressing Interneurons of the Anterior Cingulate Cortex Contributes to Neuropathic Pain.
Cigarette Smoke Mediates Nasal Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction via TNF-alpha.
Title: Cigarette Smoke Mediates Nasal Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction via TNF-α.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Mediates Inflammation-induced Early-Stage Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction.
Title: Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Mediates Inflammation-induced Early-Stage Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction.
Microglia-derived TNF-alpha contributes to RVLM neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction via blocking the AMPK-Sirt3 pathway in stress-induced hypertension.
Title: Microglia-derived TNF-α contributes to RVLM neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction via blocking the AMPK-Sirt3 pathway in stress-induced hypertension.
Interaction between ferroptosis and TNF-alpha: Impact in obesity-related osteoporosis.
Title: Interaction between ferroptosis and TNF-α: Impact in obesity-related osteoporosis.
Investigation of TNFalpha Level and Metallothionein Gene Expression in Livers of Rats Exposed to Dietary Aluminum.
Title: Investigation of TNFα Level and Metallothionein Gene Expression in Livers of Rats Exposed to Dietary Aluminum.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (678)

General gene information

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Markers

Tnf (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:144645

Tnf (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:144649

D20Ztm1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:517939

D20Wox2 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:118078

Tnf (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:118078

RH138655 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:220742

UniSTS:463959 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:463959

Tnf (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:463959

D20UW1 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:118647

PMC112151P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:270227

D20Wox3 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:240026

RH94729 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:119976

RH94730 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:119977

AI113237 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:245936

PMC26794P3 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:272353

PMC116546P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:270314

RH94817 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:120063

Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables cytokine activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables cytokine activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables cytokine activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables cytokine activity	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
enables death receptor agonist activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables identical protein binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables protease binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables receptor ligand activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables transcription cis-regulatory region binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables tumor necrosis factor receptor binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables tumor necrosis factor receptor binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables tumor necrosis factor receptor binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables tumor necrosis factor receptor binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
acts_upstream_of JNK cascade	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within JNK cascade	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within animal organ morphogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in antiviral innate immune response	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within apoptotic signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in calcium-mediated signaling	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within cellular extravasation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within cellular response to amino acid stimulus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cellular response to amyloid-beta	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to ionizing radiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cellular response to lipopolysaccharide	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to lipopolysaccharide	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within cellular response to lipopolysaccharide	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cellular response to lipopolysaccharide	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cellular response to molecule of bacterial origin	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to nicotine	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cellular response to retinoic acid	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to toxic substance	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to type II interferon	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to type II interferon	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in circadian rhythm	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cortical actin cytoskeleton organization	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within defense response	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within defense response to Gram-positive bacterium	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within defense response to bacterium	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in embryonic digestive tract development	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in endothelial cell apoptotic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within epithelial cell proliferation involved in salivary gland morphogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within extracellular matrix organization	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within glucose metabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within humoral immune response	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in immune response	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within inflammatory response	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in inflammatory response	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in inflammatory response to wounding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within leukocyte migration	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in leukocyte migration involved in inflammatory response	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in leukocyte tethering or rolling	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in liver regeneration	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in macrophage activation involved in immune response	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in microglial cell activation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in necroptotic signaling pathway	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within necroptotic signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in necroptotic signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in necroptotic signaling pathway	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of D-glucose import	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of D-glucose import	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of L-glutamate import across plasma membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of alkaline phosphatase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of alkaline phosphatase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of amyloid-beta clearance	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of apoptotic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of bicellular tight junction assembly	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of bile acid secretion	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of branching involved in lung morphogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of cell population proliferation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of fat cell differentiation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of negative regulation of gene expression	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of gene expression	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of gene expression	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of heart rate	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of interleukin-6 production	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of lipid catabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of myelination	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of myoblast differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of oxidative phosphorylation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of protein-containing complex disassembly	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of signaling receptor activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of negative regulation of signaling receptor activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of vascular wound healing	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of viral genome replication	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within osteoclast differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of DNA biosynthetic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of I-kappaB phosphorylation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of I-kappaB phosphorylation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of JNK cascade	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of JUN kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of JUN kinase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of positive regulation of MAP kinase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of MAP kinase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of positive regulation of MAPK cascade	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of MAPK cascade	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of action potential	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of amide metabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of amyloid-beta formation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of apoptotic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of apoptotic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of blood microparticle formation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of cell adhesion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of chemokine production	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in execution phase of apoptosis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of cytokine production	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of positive regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of estradiol secretion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in positive regulation of fever generation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of fractalkine production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of gene expression	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of gene expression	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of positive regulation of gene expression	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of gene expression	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of gene expression	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of glial cell proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of hair follicle development	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of hepatocyte proliferation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of hepatocyte proliferation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta production	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of interleukin-18 production	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of positive regulation of interleukin-33 production	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of interleukin-6 production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of interleukin-6 production	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of interleukin-6 production	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of interleukin-6 production	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of interleukin-8 production	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of interleukin-8 production	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of leukocyte adhesion to arterial endothelial cell	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of lipid metabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of positive regulation of miRNA transcription	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of neutrophil activation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of osteoclast differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of podosome assembly	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of programmed cell death	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of protein catabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of protein localization to cell surface	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of protein phosphorylation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of protein transport	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of protein transport	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of protein-containing complex assembly	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of protein-containing complex disassembly	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of synaptic transmission	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of synaptic transmission	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of synoviocyte proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of translational initiation by iron	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of type II interferon production	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of vitamin D biosynthetic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in protein localization to plasma membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of biological quality	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of cell population proliferation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of cell population proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of developmental process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of establishment of endothelial barrier	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of fat cell differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of immunoglobulin production	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of inflammatory response	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of insulin secretion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of membrane lipid metabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of metabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of multicellular organismal process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of osteoclast differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of protein phosphorylation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of protein secretion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of secretion	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in regulation of synapse organization	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in response to 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to Gram-negative bacterium	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to L-glutamate	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in response to activity	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to bacterium	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to ethanol	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to fructose	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to glucocorticoid	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in response to gold nanoparticle	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to hypoxia	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to isolation stress	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to lipopolysaccharide	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to lipopolysaccharide	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to mechanical stimulus	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to nutrient levels	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to organic cyclic compound	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to virus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in response to xenobiotic stimulus	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in sequestering of triglyceride	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within signal transduction	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in skeletal muscle contraction	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in vascular endothelial growth factor production	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in vascular endothelial growth factor production	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in vascular endothelial growth factor production	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in vasodilation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in cell surface	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in external side of plasma membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in external side of plasma membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in extracellular region	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular region	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in extracellular region	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in extracellular space	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in extracellular space	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular space	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
is_active_in extracellular space	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in extracellular space	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in membrane raft	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in neuronal cell body	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in phagocytic cup	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in plasma membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in plasma membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in recycling endosome	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: tumor necrosis factor

Names: cachectin; tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2); tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 2

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.