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    DHFR dihydrofolate reductase [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 1719, updated on 27-Nov-2024

    Summary

    Official Symbol
    DHFRprovided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    dihydrofolate reductaseprovided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:2861
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000228716 MIM:126060; AllianceGenome:HGNC:2861
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    DYR; DHFR1; DHFRP1
    Summary
    Dihydrofolate reductase converts dihydrofolate into tetrahydrofolate, a methyl group shuttle required for the de novo synthesis of purines, thymidylic acid, and certain amino acids. While the functional dihydrofolate reductase gene has been mapped to chromosome 5, multiple intronless processed pseudogenes or dihydrofolate reductase-like genes have been identified on separate chromosomes. Dihydrofolate reductase deficiency has been linked to megaloblastic anemia. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014]
    Expression
    Ubiquitous expression in fat (RPKM 21.2), lymph node (RPKM 18.2) and 24 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    NEW
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    Try the new Transcript table

    Genomic context

    See DHFR in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    5q14.1
    Exon count:
    6
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 5 NC_000005.10 (80626226..80654983, complement)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 5 NC_060929.1 (81111116..81139892, complement)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 5 NC_000005.9 (79922045..79950802, complement)

    Chromosome 5 - NC_000005.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1337 Neighboring gene DBI pseudogene 2 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 2279 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory regions 13584 and 3862 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:79950324-79951092 Neighboring gene MT-RNR2 like 2 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:79963978-79964546 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:79963410-79963977 Neighboring gene MED14-independent group 3 enhancer GRCh37_chr5:79968379-79969578 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak5310 silencer Neighboring gene mutS homolog 3 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr5:80040756-80040944 Neighboring gene S-phase kinase-associated protein 1-like Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:80043670-80044230 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak5311 silencer Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 22728 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:80142431-80142931 Neighboring gene ribosomal protein S26 pseudogene 27

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Expression

    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?

    Phenotypes

    Associated conditions

    Description Tests
    Constitutional megaloblastic anemia with severe neurologic disease
    MedGen: C3151205 OMIM: 613839 GeneReviews: Not available
    Compare labs

    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Description
    Genetic variation in the HLA region is associated with susceptibility to herpes zoster.
    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Pathways from PubChem

    Interactions

    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

    Markers

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables NADP binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    enables NADPH binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables dihydrofolate reductase activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    enables dihydrofolate reductase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables dihydrofolate reductase activity ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    enables dihydrofolate reductase activity NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables folic acid binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables mRNA binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables mRNA regulatory element binding translation repressor activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables sequence-specific mRNA binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in axon regeneration ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    involved_in dihydrofolate metabolic process IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in dihydrofolate metabolic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in folic acid metabolic process IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in folic acid metabolic process ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    involved_in negative regulation of translation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in one-carbon metabolic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    involved_in regulation of removal of superoxide radicals ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    involved_in response to methotrexate IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthetic process IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthetic process ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    involved_in tetrahydrofolate biosynthetic process IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in tetrahydrofolate biosynthetic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in tetrahydrofolate biosynthetic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in tetrahydrofolate metabolic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in cytosol TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    located_in mitochondrion HTP PubMed 
    is_active_in mitochondrion IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    located_in mitochondrion IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
     

    General protein information

    Preferred Names
    dihydrofolate reductase
    NP_000782.1
    NP_001277283.1
    NP_001277286.1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_023304.1 RefSeqGene

      Range
      4999..33756
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_000791.4NP_000782.1  dihydrofolate reductase isoform 1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_000782.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript and encodes the longest isoform (1).
      Source sequence(s)
      AA489055, AC008434, AC010270, BC003584, CB988944
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS47240.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B4DDD2, P00374, Q14130, Q6IRW8
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B0YJ76
      Related
      ENSP00000396308.2, ENST00000439211.7
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd00209
      Location:5184
      DHFR; Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). Reduces 7,8-dihydrofolate to 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate with NADPH as a cofactor. This is an essential step in the biosynthesis of deoxythymidine phosphate since 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate is required to regenerate 5, ...
    2. NM_001290354.2NP_001277283.1  dihydrofolate reductase isoform 2

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001277283.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an alternate exon in the 5' end compared to variant 1. This difference causes translation initiation at a downstream AUG and results in an isoform (2) with a shorter N-terminus compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AA489055, AC008434, AC010270, AK293146
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS78028.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P00374
      Related
      ENSP00000421334.1, ENST00000504396.1
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd00209
      Location:1132
      DHFR; Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). Reduces 7,8-dihydrofolate to 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate with NADPH as a cofactor. This is an essential step in the biosynthesis of deoxythymidine phosphate since 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate is required to regenerate 5, ...
    3. NM_001290357.2NP_001277286.1  dihydrofolate reductase isoform 3

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001277286.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (3) lacks an alternate exon in the 3' end compared to variant 1, that causes a frameshift. The resulting isoform (3) has a shorter and distinct C-terminus compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AA489055, AC008434, AC010270, AK297302
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS78029.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B4DM58, C9JJ68
      Related
      ENSP00000422732.1, ENST00000511032.5
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd00209
      Location:5128
      DHFR; Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). Reduces 7,8-dihydrofolate to 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate with NADPH as a cofactor. This is an essential step in the biosynthesis of deoxythymidine phosphate since 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate is required to regenerate 5, ...

    RNA

    1. NR_110936.2 RNA Sequence

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (4) lacks two alternate exons compared to variant 1. This variant is represented as non-coding because the use of the 5'-most expected translational start codon renders the transcript a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD).
      Source sequence(s)
      AA489055, AC008434, AC010270, AK308492

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000005.10 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      80626226..80654983 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060929.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      81111116..81139892 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)