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    VEGFB vascular endothelial growth factor B [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 7423, updated on 2-Nov-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    VEGFBprovided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    vascular endothelial growth factor Bprovided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:12681
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000173511 MIM:601398; AllianceGenome:HGNC:12681
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    VRF; VEGFL
    Summary
    This gene encodes a member of the PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor)/VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) family. The VEGF family members regulate the formation of blood vessels and are involved in endothelial cell physiology. This member is a ligand for VEGFR-1 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1) and NRP-1 (neuropilin-1). Studies in mice showed that this gene was co-expressed with nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes and the encoded protein specifically controlled endothelial uptake of fatty acids. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011]
    Expression
    Broad expression in fat (RPKM 106.2), heart (RPKM 26.1) and 23 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    mouse all
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    Genomic context

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    See VEGFB in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    11q13.1
    Exon count:
    7
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 11 NC_000011.10 (64234584..64239264)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 11 NC_060935.1 (64224529..64229291)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 11 NC_000011.9 (64002056..64006736)

    Chromosome 11 - NC_000011.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 3464 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr11:63993887-63994406 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr11:63994407-63994924 Neighboring gene nudix hydrolase 22 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124902687 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 3465 Neighboring gene DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member C4 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 3466 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 3467 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr11:64007574-64008476 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr11:64008477-64009377 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC114841035 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 3469 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr11:64010280-64011180 Neighboring gene FKBP prolyl isomerase 2 Neighboring gene protein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 14B Neighboring gene PPP1R14B antisense RNA 1 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 3470

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Effects of vascular endothelial growth factor B on proliferation and migration in EA.Hy926 cells. Zhang GH, et al. Mol Biol Rep, 2014 Feb. PMID 24374930
    2. Frameshift mutation of an angiogenesis factor VEGFB and its mutational heterogeneity in colorectal cancers. Choi MR, et al. Pathol Oncol Res, 2015 Jul. PMID 25633991
    3. Vascular endothelial growth factor B coordinates metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer. Liu G, et al. Tumour Biol, 2015 Mar. PMID 25424698
    4. Correlations of the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor B and its isoforms in hepatocellular carcinoma with clinico-pathological parameters. Kanda M, et al. J Surg Oncol, 2008 Sep 1. PMID 18537151
    5. Serum vascular endothelial growth factor B is elevated in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and can be decreased with metformin treatment. Cheng F, et al. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf), 2016 Mar. PMID 26387747

    See all (87) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Chondroitin polymerizing factor promotes development and progression of colorectal cancer via facilitating transcription of VEGFB.
      Title: Chondroitin polymerizing factor promotes development and progression of colorectal cancer via facilitating transcription of VEGFB.
    2. Sorcin promotes proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating VEGFA/B via PI3K pathway.
      Title: Sorcin promotes proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating VEGFA/B via PI3K pathway.
    3. VEGF-B prevents excessive angiogenesis by inhibiting FGF2/FGFR1 pathway.
      Title: VEGF-B prevents excessive angiogenesis by inhibiting FGF2/FGFR1 pathway.
    4. Increased Serum VEGF-B Level Is Associated With Renal Function Impairment in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.
      Title: Increased Serum VEGF-B Level Is Associated With Renal Function Impairment in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.
    5. The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Dependent TGF-alpha/VEGF-B Ratio Correlates With Disease Subtype and Prognosis in Multiple Sclerosis.
      Title: The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Dependent TGF-α/VEGF-B Ratio Correlates With Disease Subtype and Prognosis in Multiple Sclerosis.
    6. Peptides Derived from Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor B Show Potent Binding to Neuropilin-1.
      Title: Peptides Derived from Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor B Show Potent Binding to Neuropilin-1.
    7. Co-expression of VEGF-B and FLT-1 correlates with malignancy and prognosis of gastric cancer.
      Title: Co-expression of VEGF-B and FLT-1 correlates with malignancy and prognosis of gastric cancer.
    8. Molecular docking, synthesis and biological evaluation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) B based peptide as antiangiogenic agent targeting the second domain of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 1 (VEGFR1D2) for anticancer application.
      Title: Molecular docking, synthesis and biological evaluation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) B based peptide as antiangiogenic agent targeting the second domain of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 1 (VEGFR1D2) for anticancer application.
    9. Identification of a Tumor Microenvironment-relevant Gene set-based Prognostic Signature and Related Therapy Targets in Gastric Cancer.
      Title: Identification of a Tumor Microenvironment-relevant Gene set-based Prognostic Signature and Related Therapy Targets in Gastric Cancer.
    10. Results found that VEGF-B expressions levels were higher in Behcet's disease (BD) patients than those in the healthy group, but this difference did not reach statistical significance. Also, VEGF-B gene expression is significantly higher in patients with vascular involvement (DVT/thrombophlebitis).
      Title: The Evaluation of the Relationship between sTREM-1, VEGF-B, and VEGF Gene Expression Levels with Disease Activity of Behçet's Patients.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (52)

    Phenotypes

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    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    Variation

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    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    Genotypes

    HIV-1 interactions

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    Protein interactions

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Tat tat HIV-1 Tat upregulates members of the PDGF/VEGF growth factor family (PDGFA, VEGFA,VEGFB, VEGFC) in mammary epithelial cells PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat enhances vIL-6-induced angiogenesis and tumorigenesis of fibroblasts and human endothelial cells, which correlates with upregulation of CD31, CD34, SMA, VEGF, b-FGF, and cyclin D1 expression PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat enhances Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus vIL-6-induced cell proliferation, cellular transformation, vascular tube formation, and VEGF production in tumor cells PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables chemoattractant activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables chemoattractant activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables growth factor activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables heparin binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables identical protein binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables vascular endothelial growth factor receptor binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in cardiac muscle contraction IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in coronary vasculature development IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in induction of positive chemotaxis IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in induction of positive chemotaxis IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of apoptotic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of gene expression IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive chemotaxis IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of cell division IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of mast cell chemotaxis IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of mast cell chemotaxis IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    NOT involved_in positive regulation of vascular permeability IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of vascular wound healing IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in protein O-linked glycosylation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in response to hypoxia IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in sprouting angiogenesis IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in extracellular region TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    is_active_in extracellular space IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in extracellular space IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in membrane IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    located_in platelet alpha granule lumen TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    vascular endothelial growth factor B
    Names
    VEGF-related factor

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_029823.1 RefSeqGene

      Range
      5001..9681
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001243733.2 → NP_001230662.1  vascular endothelial growth factor B isoform VEGFB-167 precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001230662.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (VEGFB-167) lacks a segment in the 3' coding region, resulting in a downstream stop codon, compared to variant VEGFB-186. The resulting isoform (VEGFB-167, also known as VRF167) has a shorter and distinct C-terminus, compared to isoform VEGFB-186. This isoform contains the heparin binding domain and is mostly sequestered in the extracellular matrix.
      Source sequence(s)
      AP001453, BG031449, BM694361, BU730521, U48801
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS58144.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q8TEV2
      Related
      ENSP00000401550.2, ENST00000426086.3
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      smart00141
      Location:45 → 126
      PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family

    2. NM_003377.5 → NP_003368.1  vascular endothelial growth factor B isoform VEGFB-186 precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_003368.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (VEGFB-186) encodes the longer isoform (VEGFB-186, also known as VRF186). This isoform lacks the heparin binding domain and is secreted freely from cells.
      Source sequence(s)
      AP001453, BC008818, BM694361, BU730521
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS8062.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P49765, Q16528
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q7LAP4
      Related
      ENSP00000311127.2, ENST00000309422.7
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      PHA03269
      Location:108 → 188
      PHA03269; envelope glycoprotein C; Provisional
      smart00141
      Location:45 → 126
      PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000011.10 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      64234584..64239264
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060935.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      64224529..64229291
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    P49765.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P49765

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

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