GGT2P gamma-glutamyltransferase 2, pseudogene [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: GGT2Pprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name: gamma-glutamyltransferase 2, pseudogeneprovided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:4251
See related: MIM:137181; AllianceGenome:HGNC:4251
Gene type: pseudo
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: GGT; GGT2; GGT 2
Summary: This gene (GGT2P) appears to be a human duplication of the gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 (GGT1) gene. While GGT2P and GGT1 can potentially encode proteins of the same size and with 94% identity, the ability of GGT2P to encode a stable, functional enzyme has been disputed (see PMID:23682772). Since it is also expressed at a much lower level than GGT1, GGT2P is now thought to be a processed pseudogene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2022]
Expression: Biased expression in testis (RPKM 7.1), kidney (RPKM 4.7) and 11 other tissues See more
Orthologs: all
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Genomic context

Location:: 22q11.21

Exon count:: 15

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_08	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	22	NC_000022.11 (21207976..21259684, complement)
RS_2024_08	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	22	NC_060946.1 (21617766..21669309, complement)
RS_2024_09	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	22	NC_000022.10 (21562265..21613973, complement)

Chromosome 22 - NC_000022.11 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
BioProject: PRJEB4337
Publication: PMID 24309898
Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Clinical application value of hepatitis B virus basal core promoter 1762/1764 and GGTII and GGT in patients with HBV-DNA-positive primary liver cancer.
Title: Clinical application value of hepatitis B virus basal core promoter 1762/1764 and GGTII and GGT in patients with HBV-DNA-positive primary liver cancer.
In stable coronary artery disease, increased GGT activity within the normal range is associated with increased oxidative stress.
Title: Gamma glutamyl transferase activity is independently associated with oxidative stress rather than SYNTAX score.
The serum GGT level was associated with brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, a marker of peripheral atherosclerosis, independently of covariates including fatty liver or menopausal state just in women, but not in men.
Title: Association between serum γ-glutamyltranspeptidase and atherosclerosis: a population-based cross-sectional study.
hGGT2 does not encode a functional enzyme; microarray data which have reported induction of hGGT2 mRNA should not be interpreted as induction of a protein that has a role in the metabolism of extracellular glutathione and in maintaining the redox status
Title: Human GGT2 does not autocleave into a functional enzyme: A cautionary tale for interpretation of microarray data on redox signaling.
In a Korean population, increased GGT serum concentration is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk.
Title: Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase as a risk factor for general cardiovascular disease prediction in Koreans.
Fraction pattern analysis might increase the specificity of GGT as biomarker of alcohol abuse, especially in the context of differential diagnosis between alcoholism and non-alcoholic liver disease.
Title: High-sensitivity γ-glutamyltransferase fraction pattern in alcohol addicts and abstainers.
expression of GGT2 gene is closely regulated by the ERK signal pathway in 267B1/K-RAS cells.
Title: K-RAS transformation in prostate epithelial cell overcomes H2O2-induced apoptosis via upregulation of gamma-glutamyltransferase-2.
High gamma-Glutamyltransferase is associated with arterial stiffness.
Title: Association between γ-glutamyltransferase, adiponectin and arterial stiffness.
results indicate that levels of GGT were raised with increased waist girth, BMI, blood pressure TG and low HDL in patients with type 2 diabetes
Title: Comparison of gamma glutamyltransferase in normal and in type 2 diabetics.
Analysis of hepatic GGT glycopeptides revealed 11 glycan compositions, with 12 unique structures, none of which were observed on kidney GGT. Two glycosylation sites on renal GGT were modified exclusively by neutral glycans.
Title: Analysis of site-specific glycosylation of renal and hepatic γ-glutamyl transpeptidase from normal human tissue.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (20)

Phenotypes

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Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

J05235 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:31837

RH69116 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:79980

D22S732 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:42929

RH79893 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:87241

GDB:190922 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:155632

Other Names

gamma-glutamyltransferase 2
gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase 2
glutathione hydrolase 2
inactive gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase 2
inactive glutathione hydrolase 2

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
NOT enables glutathione hydrolase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in glutathione catabolic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in leukotriene D4 biosynthetic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in peptide modification	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in regulation of immune system process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in regulation of inflammatory response	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
NOT involved_in zymogen activation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in endoplasmic reticulum	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular exosome	HDA more info	PubMed
located_in perinuclear region of cytoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in plasma membrane	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.