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    ALCAM activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 214, updated on 3-Nov-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    ALCAMprovided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    activated leukocyte cell adhesion moleculeprovided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:400
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000170017 MIM:601662; AllianceGenome:HGNC:400
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    MEMD; CD166
    Summary
    This gene encodes activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM), also known as CD166 (cluster of differentiation 166), which is a member of a subfamily of immunoglobulin receptors with five immunoglobulin-like domains (VVC2C2C2) in the extracellular domain. This protein binds to T-cell differentiation antigene CD6, and is implicated in the processes of cell adhesion and migration. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]
    Expression
    Broad expression in lung (RPKM 33.7), brain (RPKM 28.3) and 24 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    mouse all
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    Genomic context

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    See ALCAM in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    3q13.11
    Exon count:
    16
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 3 NC_000003.12 (105366909..105576900)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 3 NC_060927.1 (108084937..108294916)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 3 NC_000003.11 (105085753..105295744)

    Chromosome 3 - NC_000003.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC107986108 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:104415525-104416025 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:104623147-104623701 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_64126 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105374023 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:104875813-104876646 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:105015351-105015980 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 20192 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:105072122-105072940 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 14580 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:105087774-105088274 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:105088275-105088775 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 20195 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 14581 Neighboring gene MED14-independent group 3 enhancer GRCh37_chr3:105120863-105122062 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124906263 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:105222974-105223504 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:105223505-105224035 Neighboring gene P300/CBP strongly-dependent group 1 enhancer GRCh37_chr3:105438452-105439651 Neighboring gene Cbl proto-oncogene B Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 14582 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 20196 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 20197 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 20198 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 14583 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105374024

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Cholesterol induces apoptosis-associated loss of the activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) in human monocytes. Rauch SJ, et al. Vascul Pharmacol, 2011 Mar-Jun. PMID 21440089
    2. ALCAM (CD166) expression and serum levels are markers for poor survival of esophageal cancer patients. Tachezy M, et al. Int J Cancer, 2012 Jul 15. PMID 21858815
    3. ALCAM (CD166) expression as novel prognostic biomarker for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor patients. Tachezy M, et al. J Surg Res, 2011 Oct. PMID 21816425
    4. Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1-Induced Overexpression of Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule (ALCAM) Facilitates Trafficking of Infected Lymphocytes through the Blood-Brain Barrier. Curis C, et al. J Virol, 2016 Aug 15. PMID 27252538, Free PMC Article
    5. A systematic evaluation for the potential translation of CD166-related expression as a cancer biomarker. Xiao M, et al. Expert Rev Mol Diagn, 2016 Sep. PMID 27398729

    See all (208) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. ALCAM-mediated cDC1 CD8 T cells interactions are suppressed in advanced lung tumors.
      Title: ALCAM-mediated cDC1 CD8 T cells interactions are suppressed in advanced lung tumors.
    2. Polymorphisms in the CD6-ALCAM axis may modulate psoriasis risk and outcomes.
      Title: Polymorphisms in the CD6-ALCAM axis may modulate psoriasis risk and outcomes.
    3. Clinical significance of CD166 and HER-2 in different types of gastric cancer.
      Title: Clinical significance of CD166 and HER-2 in different types of gastric cancer.
    4. ALCAM on human oligodendrocytes mediates CD4 T cell adhesion.
      Title: ALCAM on human oligodendrocytes mediates CD4 T cell adhesion.
    5. Expression of ALCAM in Clinical Colon Cancer and Relationship With Patients' Treatment Responses.
      Title: Expression of ALCAM in Clinical Colon Cancer and Relationship With Patients' Treatment Responses.
    6. ALCAM, Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule, in Clinical Gastric Cancer and Patient's Response to Chemotherapies.
      Title: ALCAM, Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule, in Clinical Gastric Cancer and Patient's Response to Chemotherapies.
    7. Increase of ALCAM and VCAM-1 in the plasma predicts the Alzheimer's disease.
      Title: Increase of ALCAM and VCAM-1 in the plasma predicts the Alzheimer's disease.
    8. Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule (ALCAM), a Potential 'Seed' and 'Soil' Receptor in the Peritoneal Metastasis of Gastrointestinal Cancers.
      Title: Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule (ALCAM), a Potential 'Seed' and 'Soil' Receptor in the Peritoneal Metastasis of Gastrointestinal Cancers.
    9. Intrahepatic activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule induces CD6(high)CD4(+) T cell infiltration in autoimmune hepatitis.
      Title: Intrahepatic activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule induces CD6(high)CD4(+) T cell infiltration in autoimmune hepatitis.
    10. Proteome profiling of enzalutamide-resistant cell lines and serum analysis identified ALCAM as marker of resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer.
      Title: Proteome profiling of enzalutamide-resistant cell lines and serum analysis identified ALCAM as marker of resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (149)

    Phenotypes

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    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Description
    Genome-wide association study combining pathway analysis for typical sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Chinese Han populations.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Genome-wide association study of plasma N6 polyunsaturated fatty acids within the cohorts for heart and aging research in genomic epidemiology consortium.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Pilot genome-wide association search identifies potential loci for risk of erectile dysfunction in type 1 diabetes using the DCCT/EDIC study cohort.
    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Variation

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    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    Genotypes

    HIV-1 interactions

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    Replication interactions

    Interaction Pubs
    Knockdown of activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) by siRNA enhances the early stages of HIV-1 replication in HeLa-CD4 cells infected with viral pseudotypes HIV89.6R and HIV8.2N PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Clone Names

    • FLJ38514, MGC71733

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables identical protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables signaling receptor binding TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in adaptive immune response IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in axon extension involved in axon guidance ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    involved_in cell adhesion IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in cell adhesion ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    involved_in heterophilic cell-cell adhesion via plasma membrane cell adhesion molecules IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in motor neuron axon guidance IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in neuron projection extension ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    involved_in retinal ganglion cell axon guidance ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    involved_in signal transduction TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    part_of T cell receptor complex IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in axon ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    located_in dendrite IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    located_in external side of plasma membrane IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    located_in extracellular exosome HDA PubMed 
    located_in focal adhesion HDA PubMed 
    located_in immunological synapse IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in neuronal cell body IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    is_active_in plasma membrane IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in plasma membrane IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in plasma membrane ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    CD166 antigen

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_029729.2 RefSeqGene

      Range
      5002..214993
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001243280.2 → NP_001230209.1  CD166 antigen isoform 2 precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001230209.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an in-frame exon in the 3' CDS, compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (2) lacks an internal segment in the C-terminal region, compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC023602, AC078806
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS58841.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B3KNN9
      Related
      ENSP00000419236.2, ENST00000472644.6
      Conserved Domains (5) summary
      smart00406
      Location:38 → 113
      IGv; Immunoglobulin V-Type
      smart00410
      Location:255 → 329
      IG_like; Immunoglobulin like
      pfam08205
      Location:137 → 231
      C2-set_2; CD80-like C2-set immunoglobulin domain
      pfam13927
      Location:256 → 313
      Ig_3; Immunoglobulin domain
      cl11960
      Location:415 → 488
      Ig; Immunoglobulin domain

    2. NM_001243281.2 → NP_001230210.1  CD166 antigen isoform 3 precursor

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (3) has a shorter and different 3' sequence, compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (3) is truncated at the C-terminus, compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC023602, AC078806, KF457664
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B3KNN9
      Conserved Domains (5) summary
      smart00406
      Location:38 → 113
      IGv; Immunoglobulin V-Type
      smart00410
      Location:255 → 329
      IG_like; Immunoglobulin like
      pfam08205
      Location:137 → 231
      C2-set_2; CD80-like C2-set immunoglobulin domain
      pfam13927
      Location:256 → 313
      Ig_3; Immunoglobulin domain
      cl11960
      Location:415 → 488
      Ig; Immunoglobulin domain

    3. NM_001243283.2 → NP_001230212.1  CD166 antigen isoform 4 precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001230212.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (4) lacks multiple 3' exons, and has an alternate 3' sequence, compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (4) is the shortest; it is truncated at the C-terminus, compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AY644765, BC041127, DA318514
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q13740
      Related
      ENST00000470756.5
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      smart00406
      Location:38 → 113
      IGv; Immunoglobulin V-Type
      smart00410
      Location:36 → 130
      IG_like; Immunoglobulin like

    4. NM_001627.4 → NP_001618.2  CD166 antigen isoform 1 precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001618.2

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longest isoform (1).
      Source sequence(s)
      AC023602, AC078806
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS33810.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B2RNS3, B4DTU0, O60892, Q13740, Q1HGM8, Q1HGM9, Q6PEY4, Q6ZS95
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B3KNN9
      Related
      ENSP00000305988.5, ENST00000306107.9
      Conserved Domains (6) summary
      smart00406
      Location:38 → 113
      IGv; Immunoglobulin V-Type
      smart00409
      Location:255 → 329
      IG; Immunoglobulin
      smart00410
      Location:339 → 393
      IG_like; Immunoglobulin like
      pfam08205
      Location:137 → 231
      C2-set_2; CD80-like C2-set immunoglobulin domain
      pfam13927
      Location:415 → 489
      Ig_3; Immunoglobulin domain
      cd00096
      Location:128 → 132
      Ig; Ig strand A [structural motif]

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000003.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      105366909..105576900
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060927.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      108084937..108294916
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q13740.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q13740

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

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