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    CRY1 cryptochrome circadian regulator 1 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 1407, updated on 17-Jun-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    CRY1provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    cryptochrome circadian regulator 1provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:2384
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000008405 MIM:601933; AllianceGenome:HGNC:2384
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    DSPD; PHLL1
    Summary
    This gene encodes a flavin adenine dinucleotide-binding protein that is a key component of the circadian core oscillator complex, which regulates the circadian clock. This gene is upregulated by CLOCK/ARNTL heterodimers but then represses this upregulation in a feedback loop using PER/CRY heterodimers to interact with CLOCK/ARNTL. Polymorphisms in this gene have been associated with altered sleep patterns. The encoded protein is widely conserved across plants and animals. Loss of the related gene in mouse results in a shortened circadian cycle in complete darkness. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014]
    Expression
    Broad expression in testis (RPKM 23.5), thyroid (RPKM 10.6) and 25 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    mouse all
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    Genomic context

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    See CRY1 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    12q23.3
    Exon count:
    15
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 12 NC_000012.12 (106991364..107093549, complement)
    RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 12 NC_060936.1 (106954997..107057182, complement)
    105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 12 NC_000012.11 (107385142..107487327, complement)

    Chromosome 12 - NC_000012.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 9924 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 6950 Neighboring gene transmembrane protein 263 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak1931 silencer Neighboring gene mitochondrial transcription termination factor 2 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 4820 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 6951 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 4821 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124903009 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 1195 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 11431 Neighboring gene SET pseudogene 7

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. An observational study investigating the CRY1Δ11 variant associated with delayed sleep-wake patterns and circadian metabolic output. Smieszek SP, et al. Sci Rep, 2021 Oct 11. PMID 34635699, Free PMC Article
    2. Variants of the cry 1 gene may influence the effect of fat intake on resting metabolic rate in women with overweight of obesity: a cross-sectional study. Mirzababaei A, et al. BMC Endocr Disord, 2021 Oct 5. PMID 34610814, Free PMC Article
    3. The molecular clock gene cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) and its role in cluster headache. Fourier C, et al. Cephalalgia, 2021 Nov. PMID 34256648, Free PMC Article
    4. Increase of Cry 1 expression is a common phenomenon of the disturbed circadian clock in ischemic stroke and opioid addiction. Roy K, et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2021 Jun 18. PMID 33894675
    5. The circadian cryptochrome, CRY1, is a pro-tumorigenic factor that rhythmically modulates DNA repair. Shafi AA, et al. Nat Commun, 2021 Jan 15. PMID 33452241, Free PMC Article

    See all (130) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Cryptochrome 1 regulates ovarian granulosa cell senescence through NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy.
      Title: Cryptochrome 1 regulates ovarian granulosa cell senescence through NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy.
    2. Circadian modulation of glucose utilization via CRY1-mediated repression of Pdk1 expression.
      Title: Circadian modulation of glucose utilization via CRY1-mediated repression of Pdk1 expression.
    3. Cry1Delta11 mutation induces ADHD-like symptoms through hyperactive dopamine D1 receptor signaling.
      Title: Cry1Δ11 mutation induces ADHD-like symptoms through hyperactive dopamine D1 receptor signaling.
    4. The interaction between CRY1 Polymorphism and Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) on cardiovascular risk factors in overweight women and women with obesity: a cross-sectional study.
      Title: The interaction between CRY1 Polymorphism and Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) on cardiovascular risk factors in overweight women and women with obesity: a cross-sectional study.
    5. Circadian Gene cry Controls Tumorigenesis through Modulation of Myc Accumulation in Glioblastoma Cells.
      Title: Circadian Gene cry Controls Tumorigenesis through Modulation of Myc Accumulation in Glioblastoma Cells.
    6. Cryptochrome 1 is modulated by blue light in human keratinocytes and exerts positive impact on human hair growth.
      Title: Cryptochrome 1 is modulated by blue light in human keratinocytes and exerts positive impact on human hair growth.
    7. CRY1 Regulates Chemoresistance in Association With NANOG by Inhibiting Apoptosis via STAT3 Pathway in Patients With Cervical Cancer.
      Title: CRY1 Regulates Chemoresistance in Association With NANOG by Inhibiting Apoptosis via STAT3 Pathway in Patients With Cervical Cancer.
    8. Variants of the cry 1 gene may influence the effect of fat intake on resting metabolic rate in women with overweight of obesity: a cross-sectional study.
      Title: Variants of the cry 1 gene may influence the effect of fat intake on resting metabolic rate in women with overweight of obesity: a cross-sectional study.
    9. An observational study investigating the CRY1Delta11 variant associated with delayed sleep-wake patterns and circadian metabolic output.
      Title: An observational study investigating the CRY1Δ11 variant associated with delayed sleep-wake patterns and circadian metabolic output.
    10. The molecular clock gene cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) and its role in cluster headache.
      Title: The molecular clock gene cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) and its role in cluster headache.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (73)

    Phenotypes

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    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    Associated conditions

    Description Tests
    Delayed sleep phase syndrome, susceptibility to
    MedGen: C3279991 OMIM: 614163 GeneReviews: Not available
    		Compare labs

    Variation

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    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    Genotypes

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    NOT enables DNA (6-4) photolyase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables DNA binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables E-box binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables FAD binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables blue light photoreceptor activity NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    NOT enables deoxyribodipyrimidine photo-lyase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables double-stranded DNA binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables histone deacetylase binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables nuclear receptor binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables phosphatase binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein kinase binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in blue light signaling pathway NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in circadian regulation of gene expression IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in circadian regulation of gene expression ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    involved_in circadian rhythm ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    involved_in entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    involved_in gluconeogenesis ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    involved_in glucose homeostasis ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    involved_in lipid storage IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    involved_in negative regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    involved_in negative regulation of circadian rhythm ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    involved_in negative regulation of glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    involved_in negative regulation of glucocorticoid secretion IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in negative regulation of gluconeogenesis ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    involved_in negative regulation of protein ubiquitination ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of gluconeogenesis IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of protein ubiquitination ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    involved_in regulation of DNA damage checkpoint ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    involved_in regulation of circadian rhythm ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    involved_in response to activity ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    involved_in response to glucagon ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    involved_in response to insulin IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in response to light stimulus ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    involved_in signal transduction in response to DNA damage ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    is_active_in cytoplasm IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in mitochondrion IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    is_active_in nucleus IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in nucleus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in nucleus ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    cryptochrome-1
    Names
    cryptochrome 1 (photolyase-like)
    cryptochrome circadian clock 1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001413458.1 → NP_001400387.1  cryptochrome-1 isoform a

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC007541, AC078929

    2. NM_001413459.1 → NP_001400388.1  cryptochrome-1 isoform b

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC007541, AC078929

    3. NM_001413460.1 → NP_001400389.1  cryptochrome-1 isoform c

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC007541, AC078929

    4. NM_001413461.1 → NP_001400390.1  cryptochrome-1 isoform d

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC007541, AC078929
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q16526
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A2I2P0

    5. NM_001413462.1 → NP_001400391.1  cryptochrome-1 isoform d

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC007541, AC078929
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q16526
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A2I2P0

    6. NM_001413463.1 → NP_001400392.1  cryptochrome-1 isoform e

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC007541, AC078929

    7. NM_001413464.1 → NP_001400393.1  cryptochrome-1 isoform f

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC007541, AC078929

    8. NM_001413465.1 → NP_001400394.1  cryptochrome-1 isoform f

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC007541, AC078929

    9. NM_001413466.1 → NP_001400395.1  cryptochrome-1 isoform g

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC007541, AC078929

    10. NM_001413467.1 → NP_001400396.1  cryptochrome-1 isoform h

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC007541, AC078929

    11. NM_001413468.1 → NP_001400397.1  cryptochrome-1 isoform h

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC007541, AC078929

    12. NM_001413469.1 → NP_001400398.1  cryptochrome-1 isoform h

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC007541, AC078929

    13. NM_001413470.1 → NP_001400399.1  cryptochrome-1 isoform h

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC007541, AC078929

    14. NM_004075.5 → NP_004066.1  cryptochrome-1 isoform d

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_004066.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AK290552, BC017466, BJ993835, DB454192
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS9112.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q16526
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A2I2P0
      Related
      ENSP00000008527.5, ENST00000008527.10
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      COG0415
      Location:6 → 491
      PhrB; Deoxyribodipyrimidine photolyase [Replication, recombination and repair]
      pfam03441
      Location:288 → 486
      FAD_binding_7; FAD binding domain of DNA photolyase

    RNA

    1. NR_182152.1 RNA Sequence

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC007541, AC078929

    2. NR_182153.1 RNA Sequence

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC007541, AC078929

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000012.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      106991364..107093549 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_047428319.1 → XP_047284275.1  cryptochrome-1 isoform X1

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060936.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      106954997..107057182 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_054371141.1 → XP_054227116.1  cryptochrome-1 isoform X1

    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q16526.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q16526

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

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