AZU1 azurocidin 1 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: AZU1provided by HGNC
Official Full Name: azurocidin 1provided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:913
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000172232 MIM:162815; AllianceGenome:HGNC:913
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: AZU; HBP; NAZC; hHBP; AZAMP; CAP37; HUMAZUR
Summary: Azurophil granules, specialized lysosomes of the neutrophil, contain at least 10 proteins implicated in the killing of microorganisms. This gene encodes a preproprotein that is proteolytically processed to generate a mature azurophil granule antibiotic protein, with monocyte chemotactic and antimicrobial activity. It is also an important multifunctional inflammatory mediator. This encoded protein is a member of the serine protease gene family but it is not a serine proteinase, because the active site serine and histidine residues are replaced. The genes encoding this protein, neutrophil elastase 2, and proteinase 3 are in a cluster located at chromosome 19pter. All 3 genes are expressed coordinately and their protein products are packaged together into azurophil granules during neutrophil differentiation. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2015]
Expression: Restricted expression toward bone marrow (RPKM 1256.4) See more
Orthologs: all
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Genomic context

Location:: 19p13.3

Exon count:: 5

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_08	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	19	NC_000019.10 (827837..832018)
RS_2024_08	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	19	NC_060943.1 (782254..786629)
RS_2024_09	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	19	NC_000019.9 (827837..832018)

Chromosome 19 - NC_000019.10 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
BioProject: PRJEB4337
Publication: PMID 24309898
Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Utility of heparin-binding protein following cardiothoracic surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass.
Title: Utility of heparin-binding protein following cardiothoracic surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass.
AZU1 (HBP/CAP37) and PRKCG (PKC-gamma) may be candidate genes affecting the severity of acute mountain sickness.
Title: AZU1 (HBP/CAP37) and PRKCG (PKC-gamma) may be candidate genes affecting the severity of acute mountain sickness.
Increased CAP37 Expression in Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
Title: Increased CAP37 Expression in Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
Clinical value of serum sTREM-1 and HBP levels in combination with traditional inflammatory markers in diagnosing hospital-acquired pneumonia in elderly.
Title: Clinical value of serum sTREM-1 and HBP levels in combination with traditional inflammatory markers in diagnosing hospital-acquired pneumonia in elderly.
The Dynamics of Circulating Heparin-Binding Protein: Implications for Its Use as a Biomarker.
Title: The Dynamics of Circulating Heparin-Binding Protein: Implications for Its Use as a Biomarker.
Human Platelets Contain, Translate, and Secrete Azurocidin; A Novel Effect on Hemostasis.
Title: Human Platelets Contain, Translate, and Secrete Azurocidin; A Novel Effect on Hemostasis.
Application Value of Blood Heparin-Binding Protein in the Diagnosis of Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
Title: Application Value of Blood Heparin-Binding Protein in the Diagnosis of Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
[Changes of heparin-binding protein in severe burn patients during shock stage and its effects on human umbilical vein endothelial cells and neutrophils].
Title: [Changes of heparin-binding protein in severe burn patients during shock stage and its effects on human umbilical vein endothelial cells and neutrophils].
Combined detection of procalcitonin, heparin-binding protein, and interleukin-6 is a promising assay to diagnose and predict acute pancreatitis.
Title: Combined detection of procalcitonin, heparin-binding protein, and interleukin-6 is a promising assay to diagnose and predict acute pancreatitis.
The Dynamics of Heparin-Binding Protein in Cardiothoracic Surgery-A Pilot Study.
Title: The Dynamics of Heparin-Binding Protein in Cardiothoracic Surgery-A Pilot Study.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (40)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

D11S2560 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:37928

NoName (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:480558

PMC156606P3 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:271410

PMC156606P4 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:271411

D8S2279 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:473907

D15S1477 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:474482

STS-M96326 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:75203

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables heparin binding	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
enables peptidase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables serine-type endopeptidase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables serine-type endopeptidase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables toxic substance binding	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in antimicrobial humoral response	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in cell chemotaxis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular extravasation	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in defense response to Gram-negative bacterium	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in defense response to virus	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in glial cell migration	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in induction of positive chemotaxis	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in inflammatory response	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in intracellular signal transduction	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in macrophage chemotaxis	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in microglial cell activation	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in monocyte activation	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in monocyte extravasation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of apoptotic process	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in neutrophil-mediated killing of bacterium	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of cell adhesion	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of fractalkine production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of phagocytosis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in protein maturation	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in proteolysis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of vascular permeability	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in azurophil granule	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in azurophil granule lumen	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
located_in azurophil granule membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular exosome	HDA more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular region	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular region	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
is_active_in extracellular space	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in extracellular space	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
located_in membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: azurocidin

Names: cationic antimicrobial protein 37; cationic antimicrobial protein CAP37; heparin-binding protein; neutrophil azurocidin

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001700.5 → NP_001691.1 azurocidin preproprotein

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001691.1

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

BC093931, BU617927

Consensus CDS

CCDS12044.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P20160, P80014, Q52LG4, Q9UCM1, Q9UCT5

Related

ENSP00000233997.1, ENST00000233997.4

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd00190
Location:27 → 240

Tryp_SPc; Trypsin-like serine protease; Many of these are synthesized as inactive precursor zymogens that are cleaved during limited proteolysis to generate their active forms. Alignment contains also inactive enzymes that have substitutions of the catalytic triad ...