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Cancrum oris

MedGen UID:
10366
•Concept ID:
C0028271
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Noma; Noma neonatorum; Oral gangrene; Oro-facial gangrene; Oro-facial noma
SNOMED CT: Cancrum oris (18116006); Gangrenous stomatitis (18116006); Noma (18116006); Acute gangrenous stomatitis (18116006)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0017124
Orphanet: ORPHA2700

Definition

Noma is a gangrenous disease that causes severe destruction of the soft and osseous tissues of the face. [from ORDO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVCancrum oris
Follow this link to review classifications for Cancrum oris in Orphanet.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

The surgical management of extra-articular ankylosis in noma patients.
Rüegg EM, Baratti-Mayer D, Jaquinet A, Montandon D, Pittet-Cuénod B
Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018 Dec;47(12):1527-1533. Epub 2018 Aug 10 doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2018.07.012. PMID: 30104131
A case of cancrum oris; survival after treatment with penicillin.
SHRAND H
Clin Proc 1947 Jul;6(5):197-203. PMID: 20261264
A note on cancrum oris and its treatment with antimony arsanilate.
SHIRCORE JO
East Afr Med J 1947 May;24(5):202. PMID: 20255595

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Noma (cancrum oris): A scoping literature review of a neglected disease (1843 to 2021).
Farley E, Mehta U, Srour ML, Lenglet A
PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021 Dec;15(12):e0009844. Epub 2021 Dec 14 doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009844. PMID: 34905547Free PMC Article
Noma surgery.
Shaye DA, Winters R, Rabbels J, Adentunji AS, Magee A, Vo D
Laryngoscope 2019 Jan;129(1):96-99. Epub 2018 Sep 8 doi: 10.1002/lary.27230. PMID: 30194753
Noma (cancrum oris) in the South African context.
Feller L, Altini M, Chandran R, Khammissa RA, Masipa JN, Mohamed A, Lemmer J
J Oral Pathol Med 2014 Jan;43(1):1-6. Epub 2013 May 4 doi: 10.1111/jop.12079. PMID: 23647162
Noma (cancrum oris).
Enwonwu CO, Falkler WA Jr, Phillips RS
Lancet 2006 Jul 8;368(9530):147-56. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69004-1. PMID: 16829299
Noma (cancrum oris): questions and answers.
Enwonwu CO, Falkler WA Jr, Idigbe EO, Savage KO
Oral Dis 1999 Apr;5(2):144-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.1999.tb00080.x. PMID: 10522212

Diagnosis

Noma, a neglected disease: prevention is better than cure.
Farley E, Amirtharajah M, Shaye DA
Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022 Aug 1;30(4):219-225. Epub 2022 Jul 5 doi: 10.1097/MOO.0000000000000819. PMID: 35906973
Pattern of noma (cancrum oris) and its risk factors in Northwestern Nigeria: A hospital-based retrospective study.
Adeniyi SA, Awosan KJ
Ann Afr Med 2019 Jan-Mar;18(1):17-22. doi: 10.4103/aam.aam_5_18. PMID: 30729928Free PMC Article
Necrobacillosis in humans.
Dahlén G, Ebenfelt A
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2011 Feb;9(2):227-36. doi: 10.1586/eri.10.172. PMID: 21342070
Microbiological understandings and mysteries of noma (cancrum oris).
Falkler WA Jr, Enwonwu CO, Idigbe EO
Oral Dis 1999 Apr;5(2):150-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.1999.tb00081.x. PMID: 10522213
Noma: a review.
Adolph HP, Yugueros P, Woods JE
Ann Plast Surg 1996 Dec;37(6):657-68. doi: 10.1097/00000637-199612000-00017. PMID: 8988783

Therapy

Measles (Rubeola): An Update.
Crecelius EM, Burnett MW
J Spec Oper Med 2020 Summer;20(2):136-138. doi: 10.55460/3NFC-341T. PMID: 32573751
Noma (cancrum oris) in the South African context.
Feller L, Altini M, Chandran R, Khammissa RA, Masipa JN, Mohamed A, Lemmer J
J Oral Pathol Med 2014 Jan;43(1):1-6. Epub 2013 May 4 doi: 10.1111/jop.12079. PMID: 23647162
Necrobacillosis in humans.
Dahlén G, Ebenfelt A
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2011 Feb;9(2):227-36. doi: 10.1586/eri.10.172. PMID: 21342070
Cancrum oris-like lesions.
Nash ES, Cheng LH, Smart K
Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1991 Feb;29(1):51-3. doi: 10.1016/0266-4356(91)90176-6. PMID: 1900721
Cancrum oris.
Tempest MN
Br J Surg 1966 Nov;53(11):949-69. doi: 10.1002/bjs.1800531109. PMID: 5331894

Prognosis

A retrospective clinical, multi-center cross-sectional study to assess the severity and sequela of Noma/Cancrum oris in Ethiopia.
Gebretsadik HG, de Kiev LC
PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022 Sep;16(9):e0010372. Epub 2022 Sep 13 doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010372. PMID: 36099293Free PMC Article
Noma (cancrum oris): A scoping literature review of a neglected disease (1843 to 2021).
Farley E, Mehta U, Srour ML, Lenglet A
PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021 Dec;15(12):e0009844. Epub 2021 Dec 14 doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009844. PMID: 34905547Free PMC Article
A Review on Noma: A Recent Update.
Ashok N, Tarakji B, Darwish S, Rodrigues JC, Altamimi MA
Glob J Health Sci 2015 Jul 30;8(4):53-9. doi: 10.5539/gjhs.v8n4p53. PMID: 26573028Free PMC Article
Noma (cancrum oris): questions and answers.
Enwonwu CO, Falkler WA Jr, Idigbe EO, Savage KO
Oral Dis 1999 Apr;5(2):144-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.1999.tb00080.x. PMID: 10522212
Noma: a review.
Adolph HP, Yugueros P, Woods JE
Ann Plast Surg 1996 Dec;37(6):657-68. doi: 10.1097/00000637-199612000-00017. PMID: 8988783

Clinical prediction guides

A retrospective clinical, multi-center cross-sectional study to assess the severity and sequela of Noma/Cancrum oris in Ethiopia.
Gebretsadik HG, de Kiev LC
PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022 Sep;16(9):e0010372. Epub 2022 Sep 13 doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010372. PMID: 36099293Free PMC Article
Noma (cancrum oris): An unresolved global challenge.
Feller L, Khammissa RAG, Altini M, Lemmer J
Periodontol 2000 2019 Jun;80(1):189-199. doi: 10.1111/prd.12275. PMID: 31090145Free PMC Article
The surgical management of extra-articular ankylosis in noma patients.
Rüegg EM, Baratti-Mayer D, Jaquinet A, Montandon D, Pittet-Cuénod B
Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018 Dec;47(12):1527-1533. Epub 2018 Aug 10 doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2018.07.012. PMID: 30104131
Microbiological understandings and mysteries of noma (cancrum oris).
Falkler WA Jr, Enwonwu CO, Idigbe EO
Oral Dis 1999 Apr;5(2):150-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.1999.tb00081.x. PMID: 10522213
Noma: a neglected scourge of children in sub-Saharan Africa.
Enwonwu CO
Bull World Health Organ 1995;73(4):541-5. PMID: 7554028Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Psychosocial aspects of Noma (Cancrum Oris) in sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review.
Onu JU, Aluh DO, Ononiwu CN
Trop Doct 2023 Oct;53(4):470-474. Epub 2023 May 10 doi: 10.1177/00494755231175529. PMID: 37165663
Prevalence, incidence, and reported global distribution of noma: a systematic literature review.
Galli A, Brugger C, Fürst T, Monnier N, Winkler MS, Steinmann P
Lancet Infect Dis 2022 Aug;22(8):e221-e230. Epub 2022 Mar 15 doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00698-8. PMID: 35303478

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