U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Elevated circulating 3-hydroxyhexanoylcarnitine concentration

MedGen UID:
1049479
•Concept ID:
CN372798
•
Finding
Synonym: Elevating circulating C6-OH acylcarnitine concentration
 
HPO: HP:0035029

Definition

Concentration of 3-hydroxyhexanoylcarnitine (C6-OH) in the blood circulation above the upper limit of normal. [from HPO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVElevated circulating 3-hydroxyhexanoylcarnitine concentration

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Plant Sterols and Plant Stanols in Cholesterol Management and Cardiovascular Prevention.
Barkas F, Bathrellou E, Nomikos T, Panagiotakos D, Liberopoulos E, Kontogianni MD
Nutrients 2023 Jun 22;15(13) doi: 10.3390/nu15132845. PMID: 37447172Free PMC Article
Diagnosis and Management of Patients With Myocardial Injury After Noncardiac Surgery: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.
Ruetzler K, Smilowitz NR, Berger JS, Devereaux PJ, Maron BA, Newby LK, de Jesus Perez V, Sessler DI, Wijeysundera DN
Circulation 2021 Nov 9;144(19):e287-e305. Epub 2021 Oct 4 doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001024. PMID: 34601955
Hypophosphatasia - aetiology, nosology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment.
Whyte MP
Nat Rev Endocrinol 2016 Apr;12(4):233-46. Epub 2016 Feb 19 doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2016.14. PMID: 26893260

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Skin pigmentation is negatively associated with circulating vitamin D concentration and cutaneous microvascular endothelial function.
Wolf ST, Dillon GA, Alexander LM, Jablonski NG, Kenney WL
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022 Sep 1;323(3):490-498. Epub 2022 Aug 5 doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00309.2022. PMID: 35930446Free PMC Article
Causes and Consequences of Hypertriglyceridemia.
Packard CJ, Boren J, Taskinen MR
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020;11:252. Epub 2020 May 14 doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00252. PMID: 32477261Free PMC Article
Dihydrotestosterone: Biochemistry, Physiology, and Clinical Implications of Elevated Blood Levels.
Swerdloff RS, Dudley RE, Page ST, Wang C, Salameh WA
Endocr Rev 2017 Jun 1;38(3):220-254. doi: 10.1210/er.2016-1067. PMID: 28472278Free PMC Article
Bilirubin and atherosclerotic diseases.
Vítek L
Physiol Res 2017 Apr 5;66(Suppl 1):S11-S20. doi: 10.33549/physiolres.933581. PMID: 28379026
Hyperketonemia and ketosis increase the risk of complications in type 1 diabetes.
Kanikarla-Marie P, Jain SK
Free Radic Biol Med 2016 Jun;95:268-77. Epub 2016 Mar 29 doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.03.020. PMID: 27036365Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Several Circulating Biomarkers for PCOS Diagnosis.
Luo P, Zhang C, He Y, Yang G, Liu H, Li L
Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2021 Oct;129(10):705-712. Epub 2019 Nov 4 doi: 10.1055/a-1025-3711. PMID: 31683329
Dihydrotestosterone: Biochemistry, Physiology, and Clinical Implications of Elevated Blood Levels.
Swerdloff RS, Dudley RE, Page ST, Wang C, Salameh WA
Endocr Rev 2017 Jun 1;38(3):220-254. doi: 10.1210/er.2016-1067. PMID: 28472278Free PMC Article
Clinical use of circulating nucleosomes.
Holdenrieder S, Stieber P
Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2009;46(1):1-24. doi: 10.1080/10408360802485875. PMID: 19107649
D-lactic acidosis.
Petersen C
Nutr Clin Pract 2005 Dec;20(6):634-45. doi: 10.1177/0115426505020006634. PMID: 16306301
Significance of elevated cobalamin (vitamin B12) levels in blood.
Ermens AA, Vlasveld LT, Lindemans J
Clin Biochem 2003 Nov;36(8):585-90. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2003.08.004. PMID: 14636871

Therapy

Dose-Response Effect of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Blood Pressure among Patients with Cardiometabolic Disorders: A Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE)-Assessed Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Zhao D, Liang Y, Dai S, Hou S, Liu Z, Liu M, Dong X, Zhan Y, Tian Z, Yang Y
Adv Nutr 2022 Dec 22;13(6):2180-2194. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmac100. PMID: 36130103Free PMC Article
Prolactin Elevations and Permeability Glycoprotein.
El-Mallakh RS, Watkins J
Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2019 May 16;21(3) doi: 10.4088/PCC.18nr02412. PMID: 31106995
Anti-Inflammatory Therapy With Canakinumab for the Prevention of Hospitalization for Heart Failure.
Everett BM, Cornel JH, Lainscak M, Anker SD, Abbate A, Thuren T, Libby P, Glynn RJ, Ridker PM
Circulation 2019 Mar 5;139(10):1289-1299. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.038010. PMID: 30586730
Ferric carboxymaltose: a review of its use in iron-deficiency anaemia.
Lyseng-Williamson KA, Keating GM
Drugs 2009;69(6):739-56. doi: 10.2165/00003495-200969060-00007. PMID: 19405553
The role of androgen therapy.
Davis SR, Burger HG
Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003 Mar;17(1):165-75. doi: 10.1016/s1521-690x(02)00078-7. PMID: 12763519

Prognosis

Elevated circulating FABP4 concentration predicts cardiovascular death in a general population: a 12-year prospective study.
Saito N, Furuhashi M, Koyama M, Higashiura Y, Akasaka H, Tanaka M, Moniwa N, Ohnishi H, Saitoh S, Ura N, Shimamoto K, Miura T
Sci Rep 2021 Feb 17;11(1):4008. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-83494-5. PMID: 33597568Free PMC Article
Circulating Galectin-3 Following Heart Transplant: Long-term Dynamics and Prognostic Value.
Suárez-Fuentetaja N, Barge-Caballero E, Bayés-Genís A, Doménech N, Moreda-Santamaría L, Paniagua-Martín MJ, Barge-Caballero G, Couto-Mallón D, Solla-Buceta M, Estévez-Cid F, Cuenca-Castillo JJ, Pombo-Otero J, Grille-Cancela Z, Blanco-Canosa P, Muñiz J, Vázquez-Rodríguez JM, Crespo-Leiro MG
Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed) 2019 Nov;72(11):899-906. Epub 2018 Nov 23 doi: 10.1016/j.rec.2018.10.005. PMID: 30477951
Plasma Ceramides, Mediterranean Diet, and Incident Cardiovascular Disease in the PREDIMED Trial (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea).
Wang DD, Toledo E, Hruby A, Rosner BA, Willett WC, Sun Q, Razquin C, Zheng Y, Ruiz-Canela M, Guasch-Ferré M, Corella D, Gómez-Gracia E, Fiol M, Estruch R, Ros E, Lapetra J, Fito M, Aros F, Serra-Majem L, Lee CH, Clish CB, Liang L, Salas-Salvadó J, Martínez-González MA, Hu FB
Circulation 2017 May 23;135(21):2028-2040. Epub 2017 Mar 9 doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.024261. PMID: 28280233Free PMC Article
Clinical use of circulating nucleosomes.
Holdenrieder S, Stieber P
Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2009;46(1):1-24. doi: 10.1080/10408360802485875. PMID: 19107649
Extracellular, circulating proteasomes and ubiquitin - incidence and relevance.
Sixt SU, Dahlmann B
Biochim Biophys Acta 2008 Dec;1782(12):817-23. Epub 2008 Jun 18 doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2008.06.005. PMID: 18602990

Clinical prediction guides

Skin pigmentation is negatively associated with circulating vitamin D concentration and cutaneous microvascular endothelial function.
Wolf ST, Dillon GA, Alexander LM, Jablonski NG, Kenney WL
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022 Sep 1;323(3):490-498. Epub 2022 Aug 5 doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00309.2022. PMID: 35930446Free PMC Article
Elevated Plasma Growth and Differentiation Factor 15 Predicts Incident Anemia in Older Adults Aged 60 Years and Older.
Yamaguchi Y, Zampino M, Tanaka T, Bandinelli S, Osawa Y, Ferrucci L, Semba RD
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021 Jun 14;76(7):1192-1197. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glaa324. PMID: 33367500Free PMC Article
Magnitude of Soluble ST2 as a Novel Biomarker for Acute Aortic Dissection.
Wang Y, Tan X, Gao H, Yuan H, Hu R, Jia L, Zhu J, Sun L, Zhang H, Huang L, Zhao D, Gao P, Du J
Circulation 2018 Jan 16;137(3):259-269. Epub 2017 Nov 16 doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.030469. PMID: 29146682
The Use of Biomarkers in Sepsis: A Systematic Review.
Giannakopoulos K, Hoffmann U, Ansari U, Bertsch T, Borggrefe M, Akin I, Behnes M
Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2017;18(6):499-507. doi: 10.2174/1389201018666170601080111. PMID: 28571560
Microvascular rheology and hemodynamics.
Lipowsky HH
Microcirculation 2005 Jan-Feb;12(1):5-15. doi: 10.1080/10739680590894966. PMID: 15804970

Recent systematic reviews

Anti-Müllerian hormone for the diagnosis and prediction of menopause: a systematic review.
Nelson SM, Davis SR, Kalantaridou S, Lumsden MA, Panay N, Anderson RA
Hum Reprod Update 2023 May 2;29(3):327-346. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmac045. PMID: 36651193Free PMC Article
Dose-Response Effect of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Blood Pressure among Patients with Cardiometabolic Disorders: A Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE)-Assessed Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Zhao D, Liang Y, Dai S, Hou S, Liu Z, Liu M, Dong X, Zhan Y, Tian Z, Yang Y
Adv Nutr 2022 Dec 22;13(6):2180-2194. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmac100. PMID: 36130103Free PMC Article
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Effects of Exercise on the Endocannabinoid System.
Desai S, Borg B, Cuttler C, Crombie KM, Rabinak CA, Hill MN, Marusak HA
Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2022 Aug;7(4):388-408. Epub 2021 Dec 3 doi: 10.1089/can.2021.0113. PMID: 34870469Free PMC Article
Dietary Cholesterol and Cardiovascular Risk: A Science Advisory From the American Heart Association.
Carson JAS, Lichtenstein AH, Anderson CAM, Appel LJ, Kris-Etherton PM, Meyer KA, Petersen K, Polonsky T, Van Horn L; American Heart Association Nutrition Committee of the Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health; Council on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; Council on Clinical Cardiology; Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease; and Stroke Council
Circulation 2020 Jan 21;141(3):e39-e53. Epub 2019 Dec 16 doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000743. PMID: 31838890
Chronic fatigue syndrome and circulating cytokines: A systematic review.
Blundell S, Ray KK, Buckland M, White PD
Brain Behav Immun 2015 Nov;50:186-195. Epub 2015 Jul 3 doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.07.004. PMID: 26148446

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.
    • Bookshelf
      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Consumer resources

    Reviews

    Related information

    • PMC Articles
      Related information in PubMed Central Links
    • PubMed
      Related literature resources in PubMed

    Recent activity

    Clear Turn Off Turn On

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...