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Toxic shock syndrome

MedGen UID:
109414
•Concept ID:
C0600327
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Shock Syndrome, Toxic; Shock, Toxic; Toxic Shock; Toxic Shock Syndrome; Toxic Shock Syndromes
SNOMED CT: TSS - Toxic shock syndrome (18504008); Toxic shock syndrome (18504008); Gram-positive septic shock (18504008)
Modes of inheritance:
Not genetically inherited
MedGen UID:
988794
•Concept ID:
CN307044
•
Finding
Source: Orphanet
clinical entity without genetic inheritance.
See: This record
Not genetically inherited (Orphanet)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0001881
Orphanet: ORPHA36234

Definition

Bacterial toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a potentially fatal, acute disease characterized by a sudden onset of high fever along with nausea, myalgia, vomiting and multisystem organ involvement, potentially leading to shock and death. TSS is mediated by superantigenic toxins, usually caused by an infection with <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> in staphylococcal TSS (see this term) or <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i> in streptococcal TSS (see this term). [from ORDO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVToxic shock syndrome

Professional guidelines

PubMed

ICU Management of Invasive β-Hemolytic Streptococcal Infections.
Babiker A, Kadri SS
Infect Dis Clin North Am 2022 Dec;36(4):861-887. doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2022.07.007. PMID: 36328640
The Evaluation and Management of Toxic Shock Syndrome in the Emergency Department: A Review of the Literature.
Gottlieb M, Long B, Koyfman A
J Emerg Med 2018 Jun;54(6):807-814. Epub 2018 Jan 20 doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2017.12.048. PMID: 29366615
Toxic shock syndrome - the seven Rs of management and treatment.
Wilkins AL, Steer AC, Smeesters PR, Curtis N
J Infect 2017 Jun;74 Suppl 1:S147-S152. doi: 10.1016/S0163-4453(17)30206-2. PMID: 28646955

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Prognostic factors for streptococcal toxic shock syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Bartoszko JJ, Elias Z, Rudziak P, Lo CKL, Thabane L, Mertz D, Loeb M
BMJ Open 2022 Dec 1;12(12):e063023. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063023. PMID: 36456018Free PMC Article
ICU Management of Invasive β-Hemolytic Streptococcal Infections.
Babiker A, Kadri SS
Infect Dis Clin North Am 2022 Dec;36(4):861-887. doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2022.07.007. PMID: 36328640
Device-Associated Menstrual Toxic Shock Syndrome.
Schlievert PM, Davis CC
Clin Microbiol Rev 2020 Jun 17;33(3) Epub 2020 May 27 doi: 10.1128/CMR.00032-19. PMID: 32461307Free PMC Article
Menstrual toxic shock syndrome: case report and systematic review of the literature.
Berger S, Kunerl A, Wasmuth S, Tierno P, Wagner K, Brügger J
Lancet Infect Dis 2019 Sep;19(9):e313-e321. Epub 2019 May 28 doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(19)30041-6. PMID: 31151811
Toxic shock syndrome - the seven Rs of management and treatment.
Wilkins AL, Steer AC, Smeesters PR, Curtis N
J Infect 2017 Jun;74 Suppl 1:S147-S152. doi: 10.1016/S0163-4453(17)30206-2. PMID: 28646955

Diagnosis

Toxic Shock Syndrome: Still a Timely Diagnosis.
Gossack-Keenan KL, Kam AJ
Pediatr Emerg Care 2020 Mar;36(3):e163-e165. doi: 10.1097/PEC.0000000000001310. PMID: 29040243
Menstrual toxic shock syndrome: case report and systematic review of the literature.
Berger S, Kunerl A, Wasmuth S, Tierno P, Wagner K, Brügger J
Lancet Infect Dis 2019 Sep;19(9):e313-e321. Epub 2019 May 28 doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(19)30041-6. PMID: 31151811
The Evaluation and Management of Toxic Shock Syndrome in the Emergency Department: A Review of the Literature.
Gottlieb M, Long B, Koyfman A
J Emerg Med 2018 Jun;54(6):807-814. Epub 2018 Jan 20 doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2017.12.048. PMID: 29366615
Toxic shock syndrome - the seven Rs of management and treatment.
Wilkins AL, Steer AC, Smeesters PR, Curtis N
J Infect 2017 Jun;74 Suppl 1:S147-S152. doi: 10.1016/S0163-4453(17)30206-2. PMID: 28646955
Toxic shock syndrome.
Tofte RW, Williams DN
Postgrad Med 1983 Jan;73(1):275-80, 285-8. doi: 10.1080/00325481.1983.11698331. PMID: 6336841

Therapy

Prognostic factors for streptococcal toxic shock syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Bartoszko JJ, Elias Z, Rudziak P, Lo CKL, Thabane L, Mertz D, Loeb M
BMJ Open 2022 Dec 1;12(12):e063023. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063023. PMID: 36456018Free PMC Article
Device-Associated Menstrual Toxic Shock Syndrome.
Schlievert PM, Davis CC
Clin Microbiol Rev 2020 Jun 17;33(3) Epub 2020 May 27 doi: 10.1128/CMR.00032-19. PMID: 32461307Free PMC Article
Polyspecific Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Clindamycin-treated Patients With Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Parks T, Wilson C, Curtis N, Norrby-Teglund A, Sriskandan S
Clin Infect Dis 2018 Oct 15;67(9):1434-1436. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciy401. PMID: 29788397Free PMC Article
The Evaluation and Management of Toxic Shock Syndrome in the Emergency Department: A Review of the Literature.
Gottlieb M, Long B, Koyfman A
J Emerg Med 2018 Jun;54(6):807-814. Epub 2018 Jan 20 doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2017.12.048. PMID: 29366615
Toxic shock syndrome.
Inokuchi R, Ueda Y, Sonoo T, Yahagi N
BMJ Case Rep 2015 Apr 15;2015 doi: 10.1136/bcr-2015-209635. PMID: 25878235Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Prognostic factors for streptococcal toxic shock syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Bartoszko JJ, Elias Z, Rudziak P, Lo CKL, Thabane L, Mertz D, Loeb M
BMJ Open 2022 Dec 1;12(12):e063023. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063023. PMID: 36456018Free PMC Article
Increasing Incidence of Invasive Group A Streptococcus Disease, Idaho, USA, 2008-2019.
Dunne EM, Hutton S, Peterson E, Blackstock AJ, Hahn CG, Turner K, Carter KK
Emerg Infect Dis 2022 Sep;28(9):1785-1795. doi: 10.3201/eid2809.212129. PMID: 35997313Free PMC Article
COVID-19 and the clinical course of rheumatic manifestations.
Ahmed S, Zimba O, Gasparyan AY
Clin Rheumatol 2021 Jul;40(7):2611-2619. Epub 2021 Mar 17 doi: 10.1007/s10067-021-05691-x. PMID: 33733315Free PMC Article
The Evaluation and Management of Toxic Shock Syndrome in the Emergency Department: A Review of the Literature.
Gottlieb M, Long B, Koyfman A
J Emerg Med 2018 Jun;54(6):807-814. Epub 2018 Jan 20 doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2017.12.048. PMID: 29366615
Treatment of severe skin and soft tissue infections: a review.
Burnham JP, Kollef MH
Curr Opin Infect Dis 2018 Apr;31(2):113-119. doi: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000000431. PMID: 29278528Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Prognostic factors for streptococcal toxic shock syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Bartoszko JJ, Elias Z, Rudziak P, Lo CKL, Thabane L, Mertz D, Loeb M
BMJ Open 2022 Dec 1;12(12):e063023. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063023. PMID: 36456018Free PMC Article
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children and Long COVID: The SARS-CoV-2 Viral Superantigen Hypothesis.
Noval Rivas M, Porritt RA, Cheng MH, Bahar I, Arditi M
Front Immunol 2022;13:941009. Epub 2022 Jul 7 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.941009. PMID: 35874696Free PMC Article
Distinguishing Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children From COVID-19, Kawasaki Disease and Toxic Shock Syndrome.
Godfred-Cato S, Abrams JY, Balachandran N, Jaggi P, Jones K, Rostad CA, Lu AT, Fan L, Jabbar A, Anderson EJ, Kao CM, Hunstad DA, Rosenberg RB, Zafferani MJ, Ede KC, Ballan W, Laham FR, Beltran Y, Bryant B, Meng L, Hammett TA, Oster ME, Bamrah Morris S, Belay ED
Pediatr Infect Dis J 2022 Apr 1;41(4):315-323. doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000003449. PMID: 35093995Free PMC Article
COVID-19 and the clinical course of rheumatic manifestations.
Ahmed S, Zimba O, Gasparyan AY
Clin Rheumatol 2021 Jul;40(7):2611-2619. Epub 2021 Mar 17 doi: 10.1007/s10067-021-05691-x. PMID: 33733315Free PMC Article
Treatment of severe skin and soft tissue infections: a review.
Burnham JP, Kollef MH
Curr Opin Infect Dis 2018 Apr;31(2):113-119. doi: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000000431. PMID: 29278528Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Prognostic factors for streptococcal toxic shock syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Bartoszko JJ, Elias Z, Rudziak P, Lo CKL, Thabane L, Mertz D, Loeb M
BMJ Open 2022 Dec 1;12(12):e063023. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063023. PMID: 36456018Free PMC Article
Acceptability and safety of the menstrual cup: A systematic review of the literature.
Arenas-Gallo C, Ramírez-Rocha G, González-Hakspiel L, Merlano-Alcendra C, Palomino-Suárez D, Rueda-Espinel S
Rev Colomb Obstet Ginecol 2020 Jun;71(2):163-177. doi: 10.18597/rcog.3425. PMID: 32770872
Menstrual cup use, leakage, acceptability, safety, and availability: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
van Eijk AM, Zulaika G, Lenchner M, Mason L, Sivakami M, Nyothach E, Unger H, Laserson K, Phillips-Howard PA
Lancet Public Health 2019 Aug;4(8):e376-e393. Epub 2019 Jul 16 doi: 10.1016/S2468-2667(19)30111-2. PMID: 31324419Free PMC Article
Menstrual toxic shock syndrome: case report and systematic review of the literature.
Berger S, Kunerl A, Wasmuth S, Tierno P, Wagner K, Brügger J
Lancet Infect Dis 2019 Sep;19(9):e313-e321. Epub 2019 May 28 doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(19)30041-6. PMID: 31151811
Polyspecific Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Clindamycin-treated Patients With Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Parks T, Wilson C, Curtis N, Norrby-Teglund A, Sriskandan S
Clin Infect Dis 2018 Oct 15;67(9):1434-1436. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciy401. PMID: 29788397Free PMC Article

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