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Lennox-Gastaut syndrome

MedGen UID:
116044
•Concept ID:
C0238111
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: Epileptic encephalopathy Lennox-Gastaut type
SNOMED CT: Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (230418006)
Modes of inheritance:
Autosomal dominant inheritance
MedGen UID:
141047
•Concept ID:
C0443147
•
Intellectual Product
Source: Orphanet
A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in heterozygotes. In the context of medical genetics, an autosomal dominant disorder is caused when a single copy of the mutant allele is present. Males and females are affected equally, and can both transmit the disorder with a risk of 50% for each child of inheriting the mutant allele.
Non-Mendelian inheritance
MedGen UID:
109109
•Concept ID:
C0600599
•
Genetic Function
Source: Orphanet
A mode of inheritance that depends on a mixture of major and minor genetic determinants possibly together with environmental factors. Diseases inherited in this manner are termed complex diseases.
Not genetically inherited
MedGen UID:
988794
•Concept ID:
CN307044
•
Finding
Source: Orphanet
clinical entity without genetic inheritance.
See: This record
Autosomal dominant inheritance (Orphanet)
Non-Mendelian inheritance (Orphanet)
Not genetically inherited (Orphanet)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0016532
Orphanet: ORPHA2382

Definition

A rare, severe early-onset developmental epileptic encephalopathy characterized by the triad of intellectual impairment, multiple seizure types, and typical electroencephalography (EEG) abnormalities. [from ORDO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVLennox-Gastaut syndrome
Follow this link to review classifications for Lennox-Gastaut syndrome in Orphanet.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Epilepsy: Epileptic Syndromes and Treatment.
Katyayan A, Diaz-Medina G
Neurol Clin 2021 Aug;39(3):779-795. doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2021.04.002. PMID: 34215386
Expanding the Treatment Landscape for Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome: Current and Future Strategies.
Strzelczyk A, Schubert-Bast S
CNS Drugs 2021 Jan;35(1):61-83. Epub 2021 Jan 21 doi: 10.1007/s40263-020-00784-8. PMID: 33479851Free PMC Article
Epilepsy and cannabidiol: a guide to treatment.
Arzimanoglou A, Brandl U, Cross JH, Gil-Nagel A, Lagae L, Landmark CJ, Specchio N, Nabbout R, Thiele EA, Gubbay O, The Cannabinoids International Experts Panel; Collaborators
Epileptic Disord 2020 Feb 1;22(1):1-14. doi: 10.1684/epd.2020.1141. PMID: 32096470

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Efficacy and Safety of Fenfluramine for the Treatment of Seizures Associated With Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Knupp KG, Scheffer IE, Ceulemans B, Sullivan JE, Nickels KC, Lagae L, Guerrini R, Zuberi SM, Nabbout R, Riney K, Shore S, Agarwal A, Lock M, Farfel GM, Galer BS, Gammaitoni AR, Davis R, Gil-Nagel A
JAMA Neurol 2022 Jun 1;79(6):554-564. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.0829. PMID: 35499850Free PMC Article
Cannabidiol in the Treatment of Epilepsy.
von Wrede R, Helmstaedter C, Surges R
Clin Drug Investig 2021 Mar;41(3):211-220. Epub 2021 Feb 9 doi: 10.1007/s40261-021-01003-y. PMID: 33559102Free PMC Article
Expanding the Treatment Landscape for Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome: Current and Future Strategies.
Strzelczyk A, Schubert-Bast S
CNS Drugs 2021 Jan;35(1):61-83. Epub 2021 Jan 21 doi: 10.1007/s40263-020-00784-8. PMID: 33479851Free PMC Article
Effect of Cannabidiol on Drop Seizures in the Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome.
Devinsky O, Patel AD, Cross JH, Villanueva V, Wirrell EC, Privitera M, Greenwood SM, Roberts C, Checketts D, VanLandingham KE, Zuberi SM; GWPCARE3 Study Group
N Engl J Med 2018 May 17;378(20):1888-1897. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1714631. PMID: 29768152
Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: a comprehensive review.
Asadi-Pooya AA
Neurol Sci 2018 Mar;39(3):403-414. Epub 2017 Nov 9 doi: 10.1007/s10072-017-3188-y. PMID: 29124439

Diagnosis

Efficacy and Safety of Fenfluramine for the Treatment of Seizures Associated With Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Knupp KG, Scheffer IE, Ceulemans B, Sullivan JE, Nickels KC, Lagae L, Guerrini R, Zuberi SM, Nabbout R, Riney K, Shore S, Agarwal A, Lock M, Farfel GM, Galer BS, Gammaitoni AR, Davis R, Gil-Nagel A
JAMA Neurol 2022 Jun 1;79(6):554-564. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.0829. PMID: 35499850Free PMC Article
Epilepsy: Epileptic Syndromes and Treatment.
Katyayan A, Diaz-Medina G
Neurol Clin 2021 Aug;39(3):779-795. doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2021.04.002. PMID: 34215386
Highly Purified Cannabidiol for Epilepsy Treatment: A Systematic Review of Epileptic Conditions Beyond Dravet Syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome.
Lattanzi S, Trinka E, Striano P, Rocchi C, Salvemini S, Silvestrini M, Brigo F
CNS Drugs 2021 Mar;35(3):265-281. Epub 2021 Mar 22 doi: 10.1007/s40263-021-00807-y. PMID: 33754312Free PMC Article
Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: a comprehensive review.
Asadi-Pooya AA
Neurol Sci 2018 Mar;39(3):403-414. Epub 2017 Nov 9 doi: 10.1007/s10072-017-3188-y. PMID: 29124439
Seizures and epilepsy: an overview for neuroscientists.
Stafstrom CE, Carmant L
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2015 Jun 1;5(6) doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a022426. PMID: 26033084Free PMC Article

Therapy

Recent advances in pharmacotherapy for epilepsy.
Pong AW, Xu KJ, Klein P
Curr Opin Neurol 2023 Apr 1;36(2):77-85. Epub 2023 Feb 10 doi: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000001144. PMID: 36762638
Cannabidiol in the Treatment of Epilepsy.
von Wrede R, Helmstaedter C, Surges R
Clin Drug Investig 2021 Mar;41(3):211-220. Epub 2021 Feb 9 doi: 10.1007/s40261-021-01003-y. PMID: 33559102Free PMC Article
Expanding the Treatment Landscape for Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome: Current and Future Strategies.
Strzelczyk A, Schubert-Bast S
CNS Drugs 2021 Jan;35(1):61-83. Epub 2021 Jan 21 doi: 10.1007/s40263-020-00784-8. PMID: 33479851Free PMC Article
Management of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome beyond childhood: A comprehensive review.
Samanta D
Epilepsy Behav 2021 Jan;114(Pt A):107612. Epub 2020 Nov 24 doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107612. PMID: 33243685
Effect of Cannabidiol on Drop Seizures in the Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome.
Devinsky O, Patel AD, Cross JH, Villanueva V, Wirrell EC, Privitera M, Greenwood SM, Roberts C, Checketts D, VanLandingham KE, Zuberi SM; GWPCARE3 Study Group
N Engl J Med 2018 May 17;378(20):1888-1897. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1714631. PMID: 29768152

Prognosis

An Italian consensus on the management of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.
Riva A, Coppola A, Bonaventura CD, Elia M, Ferlazzo E, Gobbi G, Marini C, Meletti S, Romeo A, Santoro K, Verrotti A, Capovilla G, Striano P; Italian LGS Delphi Group
Seizure 2022 Oct;101:134-140. Epub 2022 Jul 15 doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2022.07.004. PMID: 35981474
International League Against Epilepsy classification and definition of epilepsy syndromes with onset in childhood: Position paper by the ILAE Task Force on Nosology and Definitions.
Specchio N, Wirrell EC, Scheffer IE, Nabbout R, Riney K, Samia P, Guerreiro M, Gwer S, Zuberi SM, Wilmshurst JM, Yozawitz E, Pressler R, Hirsch E, Wiebe S, Cross HJ, Perucca E, Moshé SL, Tinuper P, Auvin S
Epilepsia 2022 Jun;63(6):1398-1442. Epub 2022 May 3 doi: 10.1111/epi.17241. PMID: 35503717
Epilepsy: Epileptic Syndromes and Treatment.
Katyayan A, Diaz-Medina G
Neurol Clin 2021 Aug;39(3):779-795. doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2021.04.002. PMID: 34215386
Seizures and epilepsy: an overview for neuroscientists.
Stafstrom CE, Carmant L
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2015 Jun 1;5(6) doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a022426. PMID: 26033084Free PMC Article
Epilepsy in children.
Arnold ST, Dodson WE
Baillieres Clin Neurol 1996 Dec;5(4):783-802. PMID: 9068881

Clinical prediction guides

Efficacy and Safety of Fenfluramine for the Treatment of Seizures Associated With Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Knupp KG, Scheffer IE, Ceulemans B, Sullivan JE, Nickels KC, Lagae L, Guerrini R, Zuberi SM, Nabbout R, Riney K, Shore S, Agarwal A, Lock M, Farfel GM, Galer BS, Gammaitoni AR, Davis R, Gil-Nagel A
JAMA Neurol 2022 Jun 1;79(6):554-564. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.0829. PMID: 35499850Free PMC Article
Highly Purified Cannabidiol for Epilepsy Treatment: A Systematic Review of Epileptic Conditions Beyond Dravet Syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome.
Lattanzi S, Trinka E, Striano P, Rocchi C, Salvemini S, Silvestrini M, Brigo F
CNS Drugs 2021 Mar;35(3):265-281. Epub 2021 Mar 22 doi: 10.1007/s40263-021-00807-y. PMID: 33754312Free PMC Article
Expanding the Treatment Landscape for Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome: Current and Future Strategies.
Strzelczyk A, Schubert-Bast S
CNS Drugs 2021 Jan;35(1):61-83. Epub 2021 Jan 21 doi: 10.1007/s40263-020-00784-8. PMID: 33479851Free PMC Article
De novo mutations in epileptic encephalopathies.
Epi4K Consortium; Epilepsy Phenome/Genome Project, Allen AS, Berkovic SF, Cossette P, Delanty N, Dlugos D, Eichler EE, Epstein MP, Glauser T, Goldstein DB, Han Y, Heinzen EL, Hitomi Y, Howell KB, Johnson MR, Kuzniecky R, Lowenstein DH, Lu YF, Madou MR, Marson AG, Mefford HC, Esmaeeli Nieh S, O'Brien TJ, Ottman R, Petrovski S, Poduri A, Ruzzo EK, Scheffer IE, Sherr EH, Yuskaitis CJ, Abou-Khalil B, Alldredge BK, Bautista JF, Berkovic SF, Boro A, Cascino GD, Consalvo D, Crumrine P, Devinsky O, Dlugos D, Epstein MP, Fiol M, Fountain NB, French J, Friedman D, Geller EB, Glauser T, Glynn S, Haut SR, Hayward J, Helmers SL, Joshi S, Kanner A, Kirsch HE, Knowlton RC, Kossoff EH, Kuperman R, Kuzniecky R, Lowenstein DH, McGuire SM, Motika PV, Novotny EJ, Ottman R, Paolicchi JM, Parent JM, Park K, Poduri A, Scheffer IE, Shellhaas RA, Sherr EH, Shih JJ, Singh R, Sirven J, Smith MC, Sullivan J, Lin Thio L, Venkat A, Vining EP, Von Allmen GK, Weisenberg JL, Widdess-Walsh P, Winawer MR
Nature 2013 Sep 12;501(7466):217-21. Epub 2013 Aug 11 doi: 10.1038/nature12439. PMID: 23934111Free PMC Article
Treatment of pediatric epilepsy: European expert opinion, 2007.
Wheless JW, Clarke DF, Arzimanoglou A, Carpenter D
Epileptic Disord 2007 Dec;9(4):353-412. doi: 10.1684/epd.2007.0144. PMID: 18077226

Recent systematic reviews

Anti-seizure medications for Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.
Brigo F, Jones K, Eltze C, Matricardi S
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021 Apr 7;4(4):CD003277. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003277.pub4. PMID: 33825230Free PMC Article
Highly Purified Cannabidiol for Epilepsy Treatment: A Systematic Review of Epileptic Conditions Beyond Dravet Syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome.
Lattanzi S, Trinka E, Striano P, Rocchi C, Salvemini S, Silvestrini M, Brigo F
CNS Drugs 2021 Mar;35(3):265-281. Epub 2021 Mar 22 doi: 10.1007/s40263-021-00807-y. PMID: 33754312Free PMC Article
Surgery for epilepsy.
West S, Nevitt SJ, Cotton J, Gandhi S, Weston J, Sudan A, Ramirez R, Newton R
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019 Jun 25;6(6):CD010541. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010541.pub3. PMID: 31237346Free PMC Article
Efficacy and Safety of Cannabidiol in Epilepsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Lattanzi S, Brigo F, Trinka E, Zaccara G, Cagnetti C, Del Giovane C, Silvestrini M
Drugs 2018 Nov;78(17):1791-1804. doi: 10.1007/s40265-018-0992-5. PMID: 30390221
Efficacy of lacosamide in children and adolescents with drug-resistant epilepsy and refractory status epilepticus: A systematic review.
Ortiz de la Rosa JS, Ladino LD, Rodríguez PJ, Rueda MC, Polanía JP, Castañeda AC
Seizure 2018 Mar;56:34-40. Epub 2018 Feb 8 doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2018.01.014. PMID: 29428899

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