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Typhoid fever

MedGen UID:
11973
•Concept ID:
C0041466
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Enteric fever; Typhoid
SNOMED CT: Infection by Salmonella Typhi (4834000); Typhoid fever (4834000)
Modes of inheritance:
Not genetically inherited
MedGen UID:
988794
•Concept ID:
CN307044
•
Finding
Source: Orphanet
clinical entity without genetic inheritance.
See: This record
Not genetically inherited (Orphanet)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0005619
Orphanet: ORPHA99745

Definition

Typhoid or typhoid fever is a reportable, fecal-oral, potentially fatal infectious disease, caused by the bacteria <i>Salmonella typhi</i> and characterized by a non-focal fever. [from ORDO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVTyphoid fever

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Treatment of enteric fever (typhoid and paratyphoid fever) with cephalosporins.
Kuehn R, Stoesser N, Eyre D, Darton TC, Basnyat B, Parry CM
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022 Nov 24;11(11):CD010452. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010452.pub2. PMID: 36420914Free PMC Article
Extensively Drug-Resistant (XDR) Typhoid: Evolution, Prevention, and Its Management.
Akram J, Khan AS, Khan HA, Gilani SA, Akram SJ, Ahmad FJ, Mehboob R
Biomed Res Int 2020;2020:6432580. Epub 2020 May 2 doi: 10.1155/2020/6432580. PMID: 32462008Free PMC Article
Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Laboratory Diagnosis, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Antimicrobial Management of Invasive Salmonella Infections.
Crump JA, Sjölund-Karlsson M, Gordon MA, Parry CM
Clin Microbiol Rev 2015 Oct;28(4):901-37. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00002-15. PMID: 26180063Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Salmonellosis Including Enteric Fever.
Qamar FN, Hussain W, Qureshi S
Pediatr Clin North Am 2022 Feb;69(1):65-77. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2021.09.007. PMID: 34794677
Typhoid and paratyphoid fever: a clinical seminar.
Manesh A, Meltzer E, Jin C, Britto C, Deodhar D, Radha S, Schwartz E, Rupali P
J Travel Med 2021 Apr 14;28(3) doi: 10.1093/jtm/taab012. PMID: 33550411
Typhoid fever infection - Antibiotic resistance and vaccination strategies: A narrative review.
Masuet-Aumatell C, Atouguia J
Travel Med Infect Dis 2021 Mar-Apr;40:101946. Epub 2020 Dec 8 doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101946. PMID: 33301931
Progress in Typhoid Fever Epidemiology.
Crump JA
Clin Infect Dis 2019 Feb 15;68(Suppl 1):S4-S9. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciy846. PMID: 30767000Free PMC Article
Enteric Fever.
Kumar P, Kumar R
Indian J Pediatr 2017 Mar;84(3):227-230. Epub 2016 Oct 29 doi: 10.1007/s12098-016-2246-4. PMID: 27796818

Diagnosis

Toward Typhoid Fever Elimination.
Khanam F, Ross AG, McMillan NAJ, Qadri F
Int J Infect Dis 2022 Jun;119:41-43. Epub 2022 Mar 23 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.03.036. PMID: 35338009
Typhoid fever infection - Antibiotic resistance and vaccination strategies: A narrative review.
Masuet-Aumatell C, Atouguia J
Travel Med Infect Dis 2021 Mar-Apr;40:101946. Epub 2020 Dec 8 doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101946. PMID: 33301931
Enteric Fever.
Kumar P, Kumar R
Indian J Pediatr 2017 Mar;84(3):227-230. Epub 2016 Oct 29 doi: 10.1007/s12098-016-2246-4. PMID: 27796818
Typhoid Fever.
Mahmud AK, Chowdhury AJ, Sarker ZM, Miah RA, Saleh AA, Mandal RM, Dhakal GP
Mymensingh Med J 2008 Jul;17(2):236-44. PMID: 18626466
Typhoid hepatitis.
Khosla SN
Postgrad Med J 1990 Nov;66(781):923-5. doi: 10.1136/pgmj.66.781.923. PMID: 2267203Free PMC Article

Therapy

Typhoid fever control in the 21st century: where are we now?
Carey ME, McCann NS, Gibani MM
Curr Opin Infect Dis 2022 Oct 1;35(5):424-430. Epub 2022 Aug 19 doi: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000000879. PMID: 35984009
Toward Typhoid Fever Elimination.
Khanam F, Ross AG, McMillan NAJ, Qadri F
Int J Infect Dis 2022 Jun;119:41-43. Epub 2022 Mar 23 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.03.036. PMID: 35338009
Complications and mortality of typhoid fever: A global systematic review and meta-analysis.
Marchello CS, Birkhold M, Crump JA
J Infect 2020 Dec;81(6):902-910. Epub 2020 Nov 2 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.10.030. PMID: 33144193Free PMC Article
Fluoroquinolones for treating typhoid and paratyphoid fever (enteric fever).
Effa EE, Lassi ZS, Critchley JA, Garner P, Sinclair D, Olliaro PL, Bhutta ZA
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011 Oct 5;2011(10):CD004530. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004530.pub4. PMID: 21975746Free PMC Article
Typhoid Fever.
Mahmud AK, Chowdhury AJ, Sarker ZM, Miah RA, Saleh AA, Mandal RM, Dhakal GP
Mymensingh Med J 2008 Jul;17(2):236-44. PMID: 18626466

Prognosis

Burden of Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever in India.
John J, Bavdekar A, Rongsen-Chandola T, Dutta S, Gupta M, Kanungo S, Sinha B, Srinivasan M, Shrivastava A, Bansal A, Singh A, Koshy RM, Jinka DR, Thomas MS, Alexander AP, Thankaraj S, Ebenezer SE, Karthikeyan AS, Kumar D, Njarekkattuvalappil SK, Raju R, Sahai N, Veeraraghavan B, Murhekar MV, Mohan VR, Natarajan SK, Ramanujam K, Samuel P, Lo NC, Andrews J, Grassly NC, Kang G; NSSEFI Study Team
N Engl J Med 2023 Apr 20;388(16):1491-1500. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2209449. PMID: 37075141Free PMC Article
Toward Typhoid Fever Elimination.
Khanam F, Ross AG, McMillan NAJ, Qadri F
Int J Infect Dis 2022 Jun;119:41-43. Epub 2022 Mar 23 doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.03.036. PMID: 35338009
The global burden of typhoid and paratyphoid fevers: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.
GBD 2017 Typhoid and Paratyphoid Collaborators
Lancet Infect Dis 2019 Apr;19(4):369-381. Epub 2019 Feb 18 doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30685-6. PMID: 30792131Free PMC Article
Progress in Typhoid Fever Epidemiology.
Crump JA
Clin Infect Dis 2019 Feb 15;68(Suppl 1):S4-S9. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciy846. PMID: 30767000Free PMC Article
Typhoid hepatitis.
Khosla SN
Postgrad Med J 1990 Nov;66(781):923-5. doi: 10.1136/pgmj.66.781.923. PMID: 2267203Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Typhoid fever control in the 21st century: where are we now?
Carey ME, McCann NS, Gibani MM
Curr Opin Infect Dis 2022 Oct 1;35(5):424-430. Epub 2022 Aug 19 doi: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000000879. PMID: 35984009
Fever in the Returning Traveler.
Paquet D, Jung L, Trawinski H, Wendt S, Lübbert C
Dtsch Arztebl Int 2022 Jun 7;119(22):400-407. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.m2022.0182. PMID: 35469592Free PMC Article
Typhoid fever infection - Antibiotic resistance and vaccination strategies: A narrative review.
Masuet-Aumatell C, Atouguia J
Travel Med Infect Dis 2021 Mar-Apr;40:101946. Epub 2020 Dec 8 doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101946. PMID: 33301931
Typhoidal Salmonella: Distinctive virulence factors and pathogenesis.
Johnson R, Mylona E, Frankel G
Cell Microbiol 2018 Sep;20(9):e12939. Epub 2018 Aug 9 doi: 10.1111/cmi.12939. PMID: 30030897
Typhoid hepatitis.
Khosla SN
Postgrad Med J 1990 Nov;66(781):923-5. doi: 10.1136/pgmj.66.781.923. PMID: 2267203Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Treatment of enteric fever (typhoid and paratyphoid fever) with cephalosporins.
Kuehn R, Stoesser N, Eyre D, Darton TC, Basnyat B, Parry CM
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022 Nov 24;11(11):CD010452. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010452.pub2. PMID: 36420914Free PMC Article
Global Typhoid Fever Incidence: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Marchello CS, Hong CY, Crump JA
Clin Infect Dis 2019 Mar 7;68(Suppl 2):S105-S116. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciy1094. PMID: 30845336Free PMC Article
The global burden of typhoid and paratyphoid fevers: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.
GBD 2017 Typhoid and Paratyphoid Collaborators
Lancet Infect Dis 2019 Apr;19(4):369-381. Epub 2019 Feb 18 doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30685-6. PMID: 30792131Free PMC Article
The Burden of Typhoid and Paratyphoid in India: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
John J, Van Aart CJ, Grassly NC
PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016 Apr;10(4):e0004616. Epub 2016 Apr 15 doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004616. PMID: 27082958Free PMC Article
Typhoid fever vaccines: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
Fraser A, Paul M, Goldberg E, Acosta CJ, Leibovici L
Vaccine 2007 Nov 7;25(45):7848-57. Epub 2007 Sep 4 doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.08.027. PMID: 17928109

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