U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Tear film insufficiency

MedGen UID:
12182
•Concept ID:
C0043349
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Xerophthalmia; Xerophthalmias
SNOMED CT: Xerophthalmia (363677007); Tear film insufficiency (46152009)

Definition

Dryness of the eye due to inadequate production of tears. Causes include vitamin A deficiency, Sjogren syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and scleroderma. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVTear film insufficiency

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis: Update on pathophysiology and management.
Lee DH, Margolis MS, Iovieno A, Ling J, Ng T, Djalilian AR, Yeung SN
Ocul Surf 2023 Apr;28:144-152. Epub 2023 Apr 1 doi: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.03.004. PMID: 37011726

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Prevalence and incidence of dry eye in the USA: a systematic review protocol.
McCann P, Abraham AG, Gregory DG, Hauswirth S, Ifantides C, Liu SH, Saldanha IJ, Li T
BMJ Open 2021 Nov 23;11(11):e056203. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056203. PMID: 34815292Free PMC Article
The assessment of the impact of glistening on visual performance in relation to tear film quality.
Argay A, Vamosi P
PLoS One 2020;15(10):e0240440. Epub 2020 Oct 12 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240440. PMID: 33044979Free PMC Article
Update in Current Diagnostics and Therapeutics of Dry Eye Disease.
Thulasi P, Djalilian AR
Ophthalmology 2017 Nov;124(11S):S27-S33. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.07.022. PMID: 29055359Free PMC Article
Tear meniscus measurement in the diagnosis of dry eye.
Mainstone JC, Bruce AS, Golding TR
Curr Eye Res 1996 Jun;15(6):653-61. doi: 10.3109/02713689609008906. PMID: 8670769

Diagnosis

Common ocular findings in patients with acne rosacea.
Ozturk T, Kayabasi M, Ozbagcivan O, Ayhan Z, Utine CA
Int Ophthalmol 2022 Apr;42(4):1077-1084. Epub 2021 Nov 2 doi: 10.1007/s10792-021-02093-5. PMID: 34727263
The assessment of the impact of glistening on visual performance in relation to tear film quality.
Argay A, Vamosi P
PLoS One 2020;15(10):e0240440. Epub 2020 Oct 12 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240440. PMID: 33044979Free PMC Article
Update in Current Diagnostics and Therapeutics of Dry Eye Disease.
Thulasi P, Djalilian AR
Ophthalmology 2017 Nov;124(11S):S27-S33. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.07.022. PMID: 29055359Free PMC Article
Prevalence of treated dry eye disease in a managed care population.
Yazdani C, McLaughlin T, Smeeding JE, Walt J
Clin Ther 2001 Oct;23(10):1672-82. doi: 10.1016/s0149-2918(01)80136-3. PMID: 11726003
Tear meniscus measurement in the diagnosis of dry eye.
Mainstone JC, Bruce AS, Golding TR
Curr Eye Res 1996 Jun;15(6):653-61. doi: 10.3109/02713689609008906. PMID: 8670769

Therapy

Post-refractive surgery complications and eye disease, active component, U.S. Armed Forces, 2005-2014.
Blitz JB, Hunt DJ, Cost AA
MSMR 2016 May;23(5):2-11. PMID: 27255946

Prognosis

Common ocular findings in patients with acne rosacea.
Ozturk T, Kayabasi M, Ozbagcivan O, Ayhan Z, Utine CA
Int Ophthalmol 2022 Apr;42(4):1077-1084. Epub 2021 Nov 2 doi: 10.1007/s10792-021-02093-5. PMID: 34727263
Prevalence and incidence of dry eye in the USA: a systematic review protocol.
McCann P, Abraham AG, Gregory DG, Hauswirth S, Ifantides C, Liu SH, Saldanha IJ, Li T
BMJ Open 2021 Nov 23;11(11):e056203. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056203. PMID: 34815292Free PMC Article
The assessment of the impact of glistening on visual performance in relation to tear film quality.
Argay A, Vamosi P
PLoS One 2020;15(10):e0240440. Epub 2020 Oct 12 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240440. PMID: 33044979Free PMC Article
Tear meniscus measurement in the diagnosis of dry eye.
Mainstone JC, Bruce AS, Golding TR
Curr Eye Res 1996 Jun;15(6):653-61. doi: 10.3109/02713689609008906. PMID: 8670769

Clinical prediction guides

Common ocular findings in patients with acne rosacea.
Ozturk T, Kayabasi M, Ozbagcivan O, Ayhan Z, Utine CA
Int Ophthalmol 2022 Apr;42(4):1077-1084. Epub 2021 Nov 2 doi: 10.1007/s10792-021-02093-5. PMID: 34727263
The assessment of the impact of glistening on visual performance in relation to tear film quality.
Argay A, Vamosi P
PLoS One 2020;15(10):e0240440. Epub 2020 Oct 12 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240440. PMID: 33044979Free PMC Article
Tear meniscus measurement in the diagnosis of dry eye.
Mainstone JC, Bruce AS, Golding TR
Curr Eye Res 1996 Jun;15(6):653-61. doi: 10.3109/02713689609008906. PMID: 8670769

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.
    • Bookshelf
      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Recent activity

    Clear Turn Off Turn On

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...