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Retrobulbar hemorrhage

MedGen UID:
137067
•Concept ID:
C0302497
•
Pathologic Function
Synonyms: Hemorrhage, Retrobulbar; Retrobulbar Hemorrhage; Retrobulbar Hemorrhages
SNOMED CT: Retrobulbar hemorrhage (194179009)

Definition

Bleeding in the orbital cavity that results in compression of orbital structures, resulting in ischemia of the optic nerve, and possible loss of vision. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVRetrobulbar hemorrhage

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Incidence, Risk Factors, and Management of Blindness after Orbital Surgery.
Jacobs SM, McInnis CP, Kapeles M, Chang SH
Ophthalmology 2018 Jul;125(7):1100-1108. Epub 2018 Mar 15 doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2018.01.030. PMID: 29551422
Diagnosis and treatment of optic nerve trauma.
Zimmerer R, Rana M, Schumann P, Gellrich NC
Facial Plast Surg 2014 Oct;30(5):518-27. Epub 2014 Nov 14 doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1393702. PMID: 25397707
Review of management options for a retrobulbar hemorrhage.
Winterton JV, Patel K, Mizen KD
J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2007 Feb;65(2):296-9. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2005.11.089. PMID: 17236937

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Incidence and management of retrobulbar hemorrhage after blowout fracture repair.
Park JH, Kim I, Son JH
BMC Ophthalmol 2021 Apr 22;21(1):186. doi: 10.1186/s12886-021-01943-1. PMID: 33888073Free PMC Article
Vision loss associated with orbital surgery - a major review.
Kansakar P, Sundar G
Orbit 2020 Jun;39(3):197-208. Epub 2019 Oct 1 doi: 10.1080/01676830.2019.1658790. PMID: 31573370
Retrobulbar haematoma in the era of anticoagulants.
Berg BI, Flury E, Thieringer FM, Augello M, Savic M, Schötzau A, Kunz C, Goldblum D
Injury 2019 Oct;50(10):1641-1648. Epub 2019 Aug 20 doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2019.08.035. PMID: 31519435
Ocular trauma and other catastrophes.
Romaniuk VM
Emerg Med Clin North Am 2013 May;31(2):399-411. doi: 10.1016/j.emc.2013.02.003. PMID: 23601479
Retrobulbar hemorrhage.
Cionni RJ, Osher RH
Ophthalmology 1991 Aug;98(8):1153-5. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(91)32158-4. PMID: 1923350

Diagnosis

Ocular injuries: emergency department strategies.
Bae E, Messman A, Shah K
Emerg Med Pract 2023 Oct 1;25(Suppl 10):1-38. PMID: 37768702
Diagnosis and treatment of optic nerve trauma.
Zimmerer R, Rana M, Schumann P, Gellrich NC
Facial Plast Surg 2014 Oct;30(5):518-27. Epub 2014 Nov 14 doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1393702. PMID: 25397707
Orbital vicarious menstruation.
Dua P, Pointdujour R, Reich I, Lazzaro DR, Shinder R
Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2014 Mar-Apr;30(2):e35-7. doi: 10.1097/IOP.0b013e3182937527. PMID: 23719198
Zygoma reconstruction.
Markiewicz MR, Gelesko S, Bell RB
Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 2013 May;25(2):167-201. doi: 10.1016/j.coms.2013.02.005. PMID: 23642668
Acute visual change.
Morgan A, Hemphill RR
Emerg Med Clin North Am 1998 Nov;16(4):825-43, vii. doi: 10.1016/s0733-8627(05)70035-3. PMID: 9889742

Therapy

Ocular injuries: emergency department strategies.
Bae E, Messman A, Shah K
Emerg Med Pract 2023 Oct 1;25(Suppl 10):1-38. PMID: 37768702
Spontaneous retrobulbar hemorrhage in the setting of warfarin therapy and latent scurvy diagnosis.
Chou BW, Rivera QN, Francis CE
Orbit 2022 Feb;41(1):127-129. Epub 2021 Dec 16 doi: 10.1080/01676830.2021.2012204. PMID: 34913816
Orbital vicarious menstruation.
Dua P, Pointdujour R, Reich I, Lazzaro DR, Shinder R
Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2014 Mar-Apr;30(2):e35-7. doi: 10.1097/IOP.0b013e3182937527. PMID: 23719198
Blepharoplasty complications.
Lelli GJ Jr, Lisman RD
Plast Reconstr Surg 2010 Mar;125(3):1007-17. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181ce17e8. PMID: 20195127
Retrobulbar hemorrhage.
Cionni RJ, Osher RH
Ophthalmology 1991 Aug;98(8):1153-5. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(91)32158-4. PMID: 1923350

Prognosis

Incidence and management of retrobulbar hemorrhage after blowout fracture repair.
Park JH, Kim I, Son JH
BMC Ophthalmol 2021 Apr 22;21(1):186. doi: 10.1186/s12886-021-01943-1. PMID: 33888073Free PMC Article
Retrobulbar haematoma in the era of anticoagulants.
Berg BI, Flury E, Thieringer FM, Augello M, Savic M, Schötzau A, Kunz C, Goldblum D
Injury 2019 Oct;50(10):1641-1648. Epub 2019 Aug 20 doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2019.08.035. PMID: 31519435
Pretarsal Augmented Lower Blepharoplasty.
Jeon YR, Rah DK, Lew DH, Roh TS, Kim YS, Choi HL
Plast Reconstr Surg 2016 Jul;138(1):74-82. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000002315. PMID: 27348642
Incidence of retrobulbar hemorrhage in the emergency department.
Fattahi T, Brewer K, Retana A, Ogledzki M
J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014 Dec;72(12):2500-2. Epub 2014 Jul 7 doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2014.06.457. PMID: 25249171
Retrobulbar hemorrhage.
Cionni RJ, Osher RH
Ophthalmology 1991 Aug;98(8):1153-5. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(91)32158-4. PMID: 1923350

Clinical prediction guides

Visual outcomes after traumatic retrobulbar hemorrhage are not related to time or intraocular pressure.
Dixon JL, Beams OK, Levine BJ, Papas MA, Passarello BA
Am J Emerg Med 2020 Nov;38(11):2308-2312. Epub 2019 Nov 18 doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2019.10.024. PMID: 31784392
Visual Outcomes of Patients With Retrobulbar Hemorrhage Undergoing Lateral Canthotomy and Cantholysis.
Bailey LA, van Brummen AJ, Ghergherehchi LM, Chuang AZ, Richani K, Phillips ME
Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2019 Nov/Dec;35(6):586-589. doi: 10.1097/IOP.0000000000001401. PMID: 31693632
Retrobulbar hematoma: A systematic review of factors related to outcomes.
Christie B, Block L, Ma Y, Wick A, Afifi A
J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2018 Feb;71(2):155-161. Epub 2017 Nov 24 doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2017.10.025. PMID: 29239798
Post-traumatic eye observations.
Bater MC, Ramchandani PL, Brennan PA
Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2005 Oct;43(5):410-6. doi: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2005.02.002. PMID: 15908085
Orbital venous anomalies.
Wright JE, Sullivan TJ, Garner A, Wulc AE, Moseley IF
Ophthalmology 1997 Jun;104(6):905-13. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(97)30208-5. PMID: 9186428

Recent systematic reviews

Displaced Orbital Fractures with Concurrent Orbital Compartment Syndrome: A Case-Based Systematic Review.
Zogheib S, Sukkarieh G, Mjaess G, Zeid SA
Facial Plast Surg 2022 Jun;38(3):274-278. Epub 2021 Dec 14 doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1740290. PMID: 34905802
Retrobulbar hematoma: A systematic review of factors related to outcomes.
Christie B, Block L, Ma Y, Wick A, Afifi A
J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2018 Feb;71(2):155-161. Epub 2017 Nov 24 doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2017.10.025. PMID: 29239798

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