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Balanitis

MedGen UID:: 14020
•Concept ID:: C0004690
•: Disease or Syndrome

Synonym:	Balanitides
SNOMED CT:	Inflammatory disorder of penis (371163003); Inflammation of penis (371163003); Balanitis (44882003)

HPO:	HP:0034438
Monarch Initiative:	MONDO:0006672

Definition

Inflammation of glans penis [from HPO]

Term Hierarchy

GTR
MeSH

CClinical test, RResearch test, OOMIM, GGeneReviews, VClinVar

CROGVBalanitis

Abnormality of the genitourinary system
- Abnormality of the genital system
  - Abnormal reproductive system morphology
    - Abnormality of the male genitalia
      - Abnormal male external genitalia morphology
        Abnormal penis morphology
        Balanitis
        Balanitis xerotica obliterans
        Leukoplakia of penis

Professional guidelines

PubMed

2022 European guideline for the management of balanoposthitis.

Edwards SK, Bunker CB, van der Snoek EM, van der Meijden WI
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2023 Jun;37(6):1104-1117. Epub 2023 Mar 21 doi: 10.1111/jdv.18954. PMID: 36942977

Balanitis xerotica obliterans: a review of diagnosis and management.

Charlton OA, Smith SD
Int J Dermatol 2019 Jul;58(7):777-781. Epub 2018 Oct 12 doi: 10.1111/ijd.14236. PMID: 30315576

Anti-inflammatory treatment.

Fistarol SK, Itin PH
Curr Probl Dermatol 2011;40:58-70. Epub 2011 Feb 10 doi: 10.1159/000321051. PMID: 21325840

See all (48)

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

2022 European guideline for the management of balanoposthitis.

Edwards SK, Bunker CB, van der Snoek EM, van der Meijden WI
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2023 Jun;37(6):1104-1117. Epub 2023 Mar 21 doi: 10.1111/jdv.18954. PMID: 36942977

Reactive arthritis: images.

Aitken-Saavedra J, Maturana-Ramirez A, Fernández Moraga J, Doro Dias V, Galdino-Santos L, Pineda Flores D
Dermatol Online J 2021 Jul 15;27(7) doi: 10.5070/D327754373. PMID: 34391335

Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Lichen Sclerosus: A Systematic Review.

Fergus KB, Lee AW, Baradaran N, Cohen AJ, Stohr BA, Erickson BA, Mmonu NA, Breyer BN
Urology 2020 Jan;135:11-19. Epub 2019 Oct 9 doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2019.09.034. PMID: 31605681

Diagnosis and treatment of lichen sclerosus: an update.

Fistarol SK, Itin PH
Am J Clin Dermatol 2013 Feb;14(1):27-47. doi: 10.1007/s40257-012-0006-4. PMID: 23329078 Free PMC Article

Lichen sclerosus.

Yesudian PD, Sugunendran H, Bates CM, O'Mahony C
Int J STD AIDS 2005 Jul;16(7):465-73, test 474. doi: 10.1258/0956462054308440. PMID: 16004624

See all (264)

Diagnosis

Balanoposthitis.

Tønne B, Ingvaldsen CA, Stubhaug V, Randjelovic I
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 2023 Nov 7;143(16) Epub 2023 Nov 6 doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.23.0256. PMID: 37938014

2022 European guideline for the management of balanoposthitis.

Edwards SK, Bunker CB, van der Snoek EM, van der Meijden WI
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2023 Jun;37(6):1104-1117. Epub 2023 Mar 21 doi: 10.1111/jdv.18954. PMID: 36942977

Penile Calciphylaxis.

Gaillet A, Luque Y
Urology 2020 Jun;140:e8-e9. Epub 2020 Mar 16 doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2020.03.003. PMID: 32194088

Penile Emergencies.

Offenbacher J, Barbera A
Emerg Med Clin North Am 2019 Nov;37(4):583-592. Epub 2019 Aug 16 doi: 10.1016/j.emc.2019.07.001. PMID: 31563196

Diagnosis and treatment of lichen sclerosus: an update.

Fistarol SK, Itin PH
Am J Clin Dermatol 2013 Feb;14(1):27-47. doi: 10.1007/s40257-012-0006-4. PMID: 23329078 Free PMC Article

See all (329)

Therapy

2022 European guideline for the management of balanoposthitis.

Edwards SK, Bunker CB, van der Snoek EM, van der Meijden WI
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2023 Jun;37(6):1104-1117. Epub 2023 Mar 21 doi: 10.1111/jdv.18954. PMID: 36942977

Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Lichen Sclerosus: A Systematic Review.

Fergus KB, Lee AW, Baradaran N, Cohen AJ, Stohr BA, Erickson BA, Mmonu NA, Breyer BN
Urology 2020 Jan;135:11-19. Epub 2019 Oct 9 doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2019.09.034. PMID: 31605681

Circumcision in the paediatric patient: A review of indications, technique and complications.

Prabhakaran S, Ljuhar D, Coleman R, Nataraja RM
J Paediatr Child Health 2018 Dec;54(12):1299-1307. Epub 2018 Sep 23 doi: 10.1111/jpc.14206. PMID: 30246352

Diagnosis and treatment of lichen sclerosus: an update.

Fistarol SK, Itin PH
Am J Clin Dermatol 2013 Feb;14(1):27-47. doi: 10.1007/s40257-012-0006-4. PMID: 23329078 Free PMC Article

Anti-inflammatory treatment.

Fistarol SK, Itin PH
Curr Probl Dermatol 2011;40:58-70. Epub 2011 Feb 10 doi: 10.1159/000321051. PMID: 21325840

See all (232)

Prognosis

Nerve-sparing circumcision: Myth or reality?

Cakici OU, Pulular AG, Canakli F
J Pediatr Urol 2021 Apr;17(2):257.e1-257.e8. Epub 2020 Nov 30 doi: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2020.11.040. PMID: 33339734

Balanitis xerotica obliterans: an update for clinicians.

Nguyen ATM, Holland AJA
Eur J Pediatr 2020 Jan;179(1):9-16. Epub 2019 Nov 23 doi: 10.1007/s00431-019-03516-3. PMID: 31760506

SIU/ICUD Consultation on Urethral Strictures: Anterior urethra-lichen sclerosus.

Stewart L, McCammon K, Metro M, Virasoro R
Urology 2014 Mar;83(3 Suppl):S27-30. Epub 2013 Nov 20 doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2013.09.013. PMID: 24268357

Anti-inflammatory treatment.

Fistarol SK, Itin PH
Curr Probl Dermatol 2011;40:58-70. Epub 2011 Feb 10 doi: 10.1159/000321051. PMID: 21325840

Lichen sclerosus.

Yesudian PD, Sugunendran H, Bates CM, O'Mahony C
Int J STD AIDS 2005 Jul;16(7):465-73, test 474. doi: 10.1258/0956462054308440. PMID: 16004624

See all (123)

Clinical prediction guides

Cutaneous reactive B-cell lymphoid proliferations.

Khalil S, Donthi D, Gru AA
J Cutan Pathol 2022 Oct;49(10):898-916. Epub 2022 Aug 4 doi: 10.1111/cup.14264. PMID: 35656820

Reactive arthritis: images.

Aitken-Saavedra J, Maturana-Ramirez A, Fernández Moraga J, Doro Dias V, Galdino-Santos L, Pineda Flores D
Dermatol Online J 2021 Jul 15;27(7) doi: 10.5070/D327754373. PMID: 34391335

Clinical profile and co-infections of urethritis in males.

Bellinato F, Maurelli M, Gisondi P, Lleo Fernandez M, Girolomoni G
Ital J Dermatol Venerol 2021 Dec;156(6):681-685. Epub 2021 Jan 11 doi: 10.23736/S2784-8671.20.06773-5. PMID: 33423450

Noninfectious penile lesions.

Teichman JM, Sea J, Thompson IM, Elston DM
Am Fam Physician 2010 Jan 15;81(2):167-74. PMID: 20082512

The spondyloarthropathies.

Richens J, McGill PE
Baillieres Clin Rheumatol 1995 Feb;9(1):95-109. doi: 10.1016/s0950-3579(05)80147-5. PMID: 7728892

See all (87)

Recent systematic reviews

A systematic review of the efficacy and safety of topical cyclosporine in dermatology.

Sadeghi S, Kalantari Y, Seirafianpour F, Goodarzi A
Dermatol Ther 2022 Jun;35(6):e15490. Epub 2022 Apr 23 doi: 10.1111/dth.15490. PMID: 35384191

Comparison of lichen sclerosus in boys and girls: A systematic literature review of epidemiology, symptoms, genetic background, risk factors, treatment, and prognosis.

Kumar KS, Morrel B, van Hees CLM, van der Toorn F, van Dorp W, Mendels EJ
Pediatr Dermatol 2022 May;39(3):400-408. Epub 2022 Mar 1 doi: 10.1111/pde.14967. PMID: 35229894 Free PMC Article

Distribution, antifungal susceptibility pattern and intra-Candida albicans species complex prevalence of Candida africana: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Gharehbolagh SA, Fallah B, Izadi A, Ardestani ZS, Malekifar P, M Borman A, Mahmoudi S
PLoS One 2020;15(8):e0237046. Epub 2020 Aug 20 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237046. PMID: 32817677 Free PMC Article

Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Lichen Sclerosus: A Systematic Review.

Fergus KB, Lee AW, Baradaran N, Cohen AJ, Stohr BA, Erickson BA, Mmonu NA, Breyer BN
Urology 2020 Jan;135:11-19. Epub 2019 Oct 9 doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2019.09.034. PMID: 31605681

Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on topical interventions for genital lichen sclerosus.

Chi CC, Kirtschig G, Baldo M, Lewis F, Wang SH, Wojnarowska F
J Am Acad Dermatol 2012 Aug;67(2):305-12. Epub 2012 Apr 6 doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2012.02.044. PMID: 22483994

See all (7)

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Balanitis

Definition

Term Hierarchy

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Diagnosis

Therapy

Prognosis

Clinical prediction guides

Recent systematic reviews

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

Clinical resources

Practice guidelines

Consumer resources

Reviews

Related information

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