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Post-traumatic coma

MedGen UID:
140754
•Concept ID:
C0394016
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Coma, Post Head Injury; Coma, Post Trauma; Coma, Post Traumatic; Coma, Post-Head Injury; Coma, Post-Trauma; Coma, Post-Traumatic; Coma, Traumatic; Comas, Post-Head Injury; Comas, Post-Trauma; Post Head Injury Coma; Post-Head Injury Coma; Post-Head Injury Comas; Post-Trauma Coma; Post-Trauma Comas; Post-Traumatic Coma; Traumatic Coma
SNOMED CT: Post-traumatic coma (230799003)

Definition

Prolonged unconsciousness from which the individual cannot be aroused, associated with traumatic injuries to the BRAIN. This may be defined as unconsciousness persisting for 6 hours or longer. Coma results from injury to both cerebral hemispheres or the RETICULAR FORMATION of the BRAIN STEM. Contributing mechanisms include DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY and BRAIN EDEMA. (From J Neurotrauma 1997 Oct;14(10):699-713) [from MeSH]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVPost-traumatic coma

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Some problems in the differential diagnosis of post-traumatic coma.
Milosavljevic B
J Neurosurg Sci 1974 Jul-Sep;18(3):177-80. PMID: 4465416
Sleep electroencephalographic patterns as a prognostic criteria in post-traumatic coma.
Bergamini L, Bergamasco B, Doriguzzi T, Sacerdote I
Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1968 Nov;25(5):514. PMID: 4182631

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Early computed tomography for acute post-traumatic diffuse axonal injury: a systematic review.
Figueira Rodrigues Vieira G, Guedes Correa JF
Neuroradiology 2020 Jun;62(6):653-660. Epub 2020 Mar 4 doi: 10.1007/s00234-020-02383-2. PMID: 32130462Free PMC Article
Post-traumatic mutism in children.
Jian X, Junyu W, Jinfang L
Brain Inj 2009 May;23(5):445-9. doi: 10.1080/02699050902838157. PMID: 19408166
Prediction of 'awakening' and outcome in prolonged acute coma from severe traumatic brain injury: evidence for validity of short latency SEPs.
Amantini A, Grippo A, Fossi S, Cesaretti C, Piccioli A, Peris A, Ragazzoni A, Pinto F
Clin Neurophysiol 2005 Jan;116(1):229-35. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2004.07.008. PMID: 15589201
Sleep organization pattern as a prognostic marker at the subacute stage of post-traumatic coma.
Valente M, Placidi F, Oliveira AJ, Bigagli A, Morghen I, Proietti R, Gigli GL
Clin Neurophysiol 2002 Nov;113(11):1798-805. doi: 10.1016/s1388-2457(02)00218-3. PMID: 12417234
CDP-choline: pharmacological and clinical review.
Secades JJ, Frontera G
Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 1995 Oct;17 Suppl B:1-54. PMID: 8709678

Diagnosis

Early computed tomography for acute post-traumatic diffuse axonal injury: a systematic review.
Figueira Rodrigues Vieira G, Guedes Correa JF
Neuroradiology 2020 Jun;62(6):653-660. Epub 2020 Mar 4 doi: 10.1007/s00234-020-02383-2. PMID: 32130462Free PMC Article
Diagnosis of reversible causes of coma.
Edlow JA, Rabinstein A, Traub SJ, Wijdicks EF
Lancet 2014 Dec 6;384(9959):2064-76. Epub 2014 Apr 21 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62184-4. PMID: 24767707
Post-traumatic mutism in children.
Jian X, Junyu W, Jinfang L
Brain Inj 2009 May;23(5):445-9. doi: 10.1080/02699050902838157. PMID: 19408166
The usefulness of EEG, exogenous evoked potentials, and cognitive evoked potentials in the acute stage of post-anoxic and post-traumatic coma.
Guérit JM
Acta Neurol Belg 2000 Dec;100(4):229-36. PMID: 11233678
Incidence and prognostic value of spindles in post-traumatic coma.
Rumpl E, Prugger M, Bauer G, Gerstenbrand F, Hackl JM, Pallua A
Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1983 Nov;56(5):420-9. doi: 10.1016/0013-4694(83)90224-9. PMID: 6194958

Therapy

Citicoline: pharmacological and clinical review, 2006 update.
Secades JJ, Lorenzo JL
Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 2006 Sep;28 Suppl B:1-56. PMID: 17171187
Acupuncture treatment for 15 cases of post-traumatic coma.
He J, Wu B, Zhang Y
J Tradit Chin Med 2005 Sep;25(3):171-3. PMID: 16334716
A comparison of manual and semi-automated methods in the assessment of axonal injury.
Gentleman SM, McKenzie JE, Royston MC, McIntosh TK, Graham DI
Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 1999 Feb;25(1):41-7. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2990.1999.00159.x. PMID: 10194774
CDP-choline: pharmacological and clinical review.
Secades JJ, Frontera G
Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 1995 Oct;17 Suppl B:1-54. PMID: 8709678

Prognosis

Early computed tomography for acute post-traumatic diffuse axonal injury: a systematic review.
Figueira Rodrigues Vieira G, Guedes Correa JF
Neuroradiology 2020 Jun;62(6):653-660. Epub 2020 Mar 4 doi: 10.1007/s00234-020-02383-2. PMID: 32130462Free PMC Article
Coma After Acute Head Injury.
Firsching R
Dtsch Arztebl Int 2017 May 5;114(18):313-320. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2017.0313. PMID: 28587706Free PMC Article
Diagnosis of reversible causes of coma.
Edlow JA, Rabinstein A, Traub SJ, Wijdicks EF
Lancet 2014 Dec 6;384(9959):2064-76. Epub 2014 Apr 21 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62184-4. PMID: 24767707
The usefulness of EEG, exogenous evoked potentials, and cognitive evoked potentials in the acute stage of post-anoxic and post-traumatic coma.
Guérit JM
Acta Neurol Belg 2000 Dec;100(4):229-36. PMID: 11233678
Incidence and prognostic value of spindles in post-traumatic coma.
Rumpl E, Prugger M, Bauer G, Gerstenbrand F, Hackl JM, Pallua A
Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1983 Nov;56(5):420-9. doi: 10.1016/0013-4694(83)90224-9. PMID: 6194958

Clinical prediction guides

Coma duration prediction in diffuse axonal injury: analyses of apparent diffusion coefficient and clinical prognostic factors.
Zheng WB, Liu GR, Kong KM, Wu RH
Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2006;2006:1052-5. doi: 10.1109/IEMBS.2006.259627. PMID: 17946873
Citicoline: pharmacological and clinical review, 2006 update.
Secades JJ, Lorenzo JL
Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 2006 Sep;28 Suppl B:1-56. PMID: 17171187
CDP-choline: pharmacological and clinical review.
Secades JJ, Frontera G
Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 1995 Oct;17 Suppl B:1-54. PMID: 8709678
Motor and somatosensory evoked potentials in coma: analysis and relation to clinical status and outcome.
Ying Z, Schmid UD, Schmid J, Hess CW
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1992 Jun;55(6):470-4. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.55.6.470. PMID: 1619414Free PMC Article
Incidence and prognostic value of spindles in post-traumatic coma.
Rumpl E, Prugger M, Bauer G, Gerstenbrand F, Hackl JM, Pallua A
Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1983 Nov;56(5):420-9. doi: 10.1016/0013-4694(83)90224-9. PMID: 6194958

Recent systematic reviews

Sensory stimulation to improve arousal in comatose patients after traumatic brain injury: a systematic review of the literature.
Li J, Cheng Q, Liu FK, Huang Z, Feng SS
Neurol Sci 2020 Sep;41(9):2367-2376. Epub 2020 Apr 22 doi: 10.1007/s10072-020-04410-9. PMID: 32323082
Early computed tomography for acute post-traumatic diffuse axonal injury: a systematic review.
Figueira Rodrigues Vieira G, Guedes Correa JF
Neuroradiology 2020 Jun;62(6):653-660. Epub 2020 Mar 4 doi: 10.1007/s00234-020-02383-2. PMID: 32130462Free PMC Article

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