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reactive attachment disorder

MedGen UID:
141906
•Concept ID:
C0525043
•
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Synonyms: Attachment Disorder, Reactive; Attachment Disorders, Reactive; Disorder, Reactive Attachment; Disorders, Reactive Attachment; Reactive Attachment Disorder; Reactive Attachment Disorders
SNOMED CT: Reactive attachment disorder (41526007)

Definition

Markedly disturbed and developmentally inappropriate social relatedness that begins before age 5 and is associated with grossly pathological child care. The child may persistently fail to initiate and respond to social interactions in a developmentally appropriate way (inhibited type) or there may be a pattern of diffuse attachments with nondiscriminate sociability (disinhibited type). (From DSM-V) [from MeSH]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • reactive attachment disorder

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Development and Validation of a Measure of Attachment Disorders Based on DSM-5 Criteria: The Early TRAuma-Related Disorders Questionnaire (ETRADQ).
Monette S, Cyr C, Terradas MM, Couture S, Minnis H, Lehmann S
Assessment 2022 Apr;29(3):556-571. Epub 2020 Dec 31 doi: 10.1177/1073191120981763. PMID: 33380162
Reactive attachment disorder and disinhibited social engagement disorder in adolescence: co-occurring psychopathology and psychosocial problems.
Seim AR, Jozefiak T, Wichstrøm L, Lydersen S, Kayed NS
Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022 Jan;31(1):85-98. Epub 2020 Nov 13 doi: 10.1007/s00787-020-01673-7. PMID: 33185772Free PMC Article
Annual research review: Attachment disorders in early childhood--clinical presentation, causes, correlates, and treatment.
Zeanah CH, Gleason MM
J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2015 Mar;56(3):207-22. Epub 2014 Oct 31 doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12347. PMID: 25359236Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Attachment Disorders.
Hornor G
J Pediatr Health Care 2019 Sep-Oct;33(5):612-622. doi: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2019.04.017. PMID: 31447013
The predictors of perceived social support among former foster youth.
Zinn A, Palmer AN, Nam E
Child Abuse Negl 2017 Oct;72:172-183. Epub 2017 Aug 14 doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.07.015. PMID: 28818734
Senseless Violence: An Overview.
Rokach A
J Psychol 2017 Jan 2;151(1):107-111. doi: 10.1080/00223980.2016.1260406. PMID: 28001966
Psychiatric outcomes in young children with a history of institutionalization.
Bos K, Zeanah CH, Fox NA, Drury SS, McLaughlin KA, Nelson CA
Harv Rev Psychiatry 2011 Jan-Feb;19(1):15-24. doi: 10.3109/10673229.2011.549773. PMID: 21250893Free PMC Article
The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: a meta-analytic study.
Fearon RP, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, van Ijzendoorn MH, Lapsley AM, Roisman GI
Child Dev 2010 Mar-Apr;81(2):435-56. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01405.x. PMID: 20438450

Diagnosis

Attachment Disorders.
Hornor G
J Pediatr Health Care 2019 Sep-Oct;33(5):612-622. doi: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2019.04.017. PMID: 31447013
Treating childhood trauma.
Terr LC
Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2013 Jan;22(1):51-66. doi: 10.1016/j.chc.2012.08.003. PMID: 23164127
The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: a meta-analytic study.
Fearon RP, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, van Ijzendoorn MH, Lapsley AM, Roisman GI
Child Dev 2010 Mar-Apr;81(2):435-56. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01405.x. PMID: 20438450
A reconceptualization of the somatoform disorders.
Noyes R Jr, Stuart SP, Watson DB
Psychosomatics 2008 Jan-Feb;49(1):14-22. doi: 10.1176/appi.psy.49.1.14. PMID: 18212171
Assessment of anxiety in young children.
Warren SL, Dadson N
Curr Opin Pediatr 2001 Dec;13(6):580-5. doi: 10.1097/00008480-200112000-00016. PMID: 11753111

Therapy

FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH INDISCRIMINATE FRIENDLINESS IN HIGH-RISK CHILDREN.
Love L, Minnis H, O'connor S
Infant Ment Health J 2015 Jul-Aug;36(4):427-45. Epub 2015 Jun 19 doi: 10.1002/imhj.21520. PMID: 26096595
Setting the bar higher: what information do we need to establish the effectiveness of mental health interventions for children with complex attachment- and trauma-related difficulties?
Tarren-Sweeney M
Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2013 Jan;18(1):3-6. doi: 10.1177/1359104512467406. PMID: 23324850
Psychiatric outcomes in young children with a history of institutionalization.
Bos K, Zeanah CH, Fox NA, Drury SS, McLaughlin KA, Nelson CA
Harv Rev Psychiatry 2011 Jan-Feb;19(1):15-24. doi: 10.3109/10673229.2011.549773. PMID: 21250893Free PMC Article
Using psychoactive medication to intervene in children's behaviour: an evidence-based practice?
Parsonson BS
J Prim Health Care 2009 Mar;1(1):6-10. PMID: 20690480
Joint attention and disorganized attachment status in infants at risk.
Claussen AH, Mundy PC, Mallik SA, Willoughby JC
Dev Psychopathol 2002 Spring;14(2):279-91. doi: 10.1017/s0954579402002055. PMID: 12030692

Prognosis

The predictors of perceived social support among former foster youth.
Zinn A, Palmer AN, Nam E
Child Abuse Negl 2017 Oct;72:172-183. Epub 2017 Aug 14 doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.07.015. PMID: 28818734
Disorganized attachment in infancy: a review of the phenomenon and its implications for clinicians and policy-makers.
Granqvist P, Sroufe LA, Dozier M, Hesse E, Steele M, van Ijzendoorn M, Solomon J, Schuengel C, Fearon P, Bakermans-Kranenburg M, Steele H, Cassidy J, Carlson E, Madigan S, Jacobvitz D, Foster S, Behrens K, Rifkin-Graboi A, Gribneau N, Spangler G, Ward MJ, True M, Spieker S, Reijman S, Reisz S, Tharner A, Nkara F, Goldwyn R, Sroufe J, Pederson D, Pederson D, Weigand R, Siegel D, Dazzi N, Bernard K, Fonagy P, Waters E, Toth S, Cicchetti D, Zeanah CH, Lyons-Ruth K, Main M, Duschinsky R
Attach Hum Dev 2017 Dec;19(6):534-558. Epub 2017 Jul 26 doi: 10.1080/14616734.2017.1354040. PMID: 28745146Free PMC Article
Parenting difficulties and postnatal depression: implications for primary healthcare assessment and intervention.
Murray L, Cooper P, Fearon P
Community Pract 2014 Nov;87(11):34-8. PMID: 25612413
Externalizing and internalizing behaviors in ASD.
Bauminger N, Solomon M, Rogers SJ
Autism Res 2010 Jun;3(3):101-12. doi: 10.1002/aur.131. PMID: 20575109Free PMC Article
Research Review: genetic vulnerability or differential susceptibility in child development: the case of attachment.
Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, van Ijzendoorn MH
J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2007 Dec;48(12):1160-73. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01801.x. PMID: 18093021

Clinical prediction guides

The predictors of perceived social support among former foster youth.
Zinn A, Palmer AN, Nam E
Child Abuse Negl 2017 Oct;72:172-183. Epub 2017 Aug 14 doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.07.015. PMID: 28818734
Disorganized attachment in infancy: a review of the phenomenon and its implications for clinicians and policy-makers.
Granqvist P, Sroufe LA, Dozier M, Hesse E, Steele M, van Ijzendoorn M, Solomon J, Schuengel C, Fearon P, Bakermans-Kranenburg M, Steele H, Cassidy J, Carlson E, Madigan S, Jacobvitz D, Foster S, Behrens K, Rifkin-Graboi A, Gribneau N, Spangler G, Ward MJ, True M, Spieker S, Reijman S, Reisz S, Tharner A, Nkara F, Goldwyn R, Sroufe J, Pederson D, Pederson D, Weigand R, Siegel D, Dazzi N, Bernard K, Fonagy P, Waters E, Toth S, Cicchetti D, Zeanah CH, Lyons-Ruth K, Main M, Duschinsky R
Attach Hum Dev 2017 Dec;19(6):534-558. Epub 2017 Jul 26 doi: 10.1080/14616734.2017.1354040. PMID: 28745146Free PMC Article
Parenting difficulties and postnatal depression: implications for primary healthcare assessment and intervention.
Murray L, Cooper P, Fearon P
Community Pract 2014 Nov;87(11):34-8. PMID: 25612413
The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: a meta-analytic study.
Fearon RP, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, van Ijzendoorn MH, Lapsley AM, Roisman GI
Child Dev 2010 Mar-Apr;81(2):435-56. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01405.x. PMID: 20438450
Assessment of anxiety in young children.
Warren SL, Dadson N
Curr Opin Pediatr 2001 Dec;13(6):580-5. doi: 10.1097/00008480-200112000-00016. PMID: 11753111

Recent systematic reviews

A Systematic Review of Mental Health Disorders of Children in Foster Care.
Engler AD, Sarpong KO, Van Horne BS, Greeley CS, Keefe RJ
Trauma Violence Abuse 2022 Jan;23(1):255-264. Epub 2020 Jul 20 doi: 10.1177/1524838020941197. PMID: 32686611
Insecure Adult Attachment and Child Maltreatment: A Meta-Analysis.
Lo CKM, Chan KL, Ip P
Trauma Violence Abuse 2019 Dec;20(5):706-719. Epub 2017 Sep 7 doi: 10.1177/1524838017730579. PMID: 29333992
Attachment, Development, and Mental Health in Abused and Neglected Preschool Children in Foster Care: A Meta-Analysis.
Vasileva M, Petermann F
Trauma Violence Abuse 2018 Oct;19(4):443-458. Epub 2016 Sep 22 doi: 10.1177/1524838016669503. PMID: 27663993
Decreasing rates of disorganised attachment in infants and young children, who are at risk of developing, or who already have disorganised attachment. A systematic review and meta-analysis of early parenting interventions.
Wright B, Hackney L, Hughes E, Barry M, Glaser D, Prior V, Allgar V, Marshall D, Barrow J, Kirby N, Garside M, Kaushal P, Perry A, McMillan D
PLoS One 2017;12(7):e0180858. Epub 2017 Jul 14 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180858. PMID: 28708838Free PMC Article
Clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of parenting interventions for children with severe attachment problems: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Wright B, Barry M, Hughes E, Trépel D, Ali S, Allgar V, Cottrill L, Duffy S, Fell J, Glanville J, Glaser D, Hackney L, Manea L, McMillan D, Palmer S, Prior V, Whitton C, Perry A, Gilbody S
Health Technol Assess 2015 Jul;19(52):vii-xxviii, 1-347. doi: 10.3310/hta19520. PMID: 26177494Free PMC Article

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