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Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm in the Central Nervous System

MedGen UID:
146352
•Concept ID:
C0686377
•
Neoplastic Process
Synonyms: Cancer metastatic to CNS (central nervous system); Central Nervous System Metastases; Central Nervous System Metastasis; CNS Metastases; CNS Metastasis; Metastatic malignant neoplasm of central nervous system; Metastatic malignant neoplasm to central nervous system; Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm to the Central Nervous System; Metastatic Neoplasm to the Central Nervous System; Metastatic Neoplasm to the CNS; Metastatic Tumor to the Central Nervous System; Metastatic Tumor to the CNS; Secondary malignant neoplasm of central nervous system
SNOMED CT: Secondary malignant neoplasm of central nervous system (94243009); Metastatic malignant neoplasm to central nervous system (94243009); Cancer metastatic to CNS (central nervous system) (94243009); Metastatic malignant neoplasm of central nervous system (94243009)

Definition

A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the central nervous system from another anatomic site or system. The majority are carcinomas (usually lung or breast carcinomas). [from NCI]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Prevention and management of secondary central nervous system lymphoma.
Bobillo S, Khwaja J, Ferreri AJM, Cwynarski K
Haematologica 2023 Mar 1;108(3):673-689. doi: 10.3324/haematol.2022.281457. PMID: 36384246Free PMC Article
Primary Brain Tumors in Adults: Diagnosis and Treatment.
Perkins A, Liu G
Am Fam Physician 2016 Feb 1;93(3):211-7. PMID: 26926614
Response assessment criteria for brain metastases: proposal from the RANO group.
Lin NU, Lee EQ, Aoyama H, Barani IJ, Barboriak DP, Baumert BG, Bendszus M, Brown PD, Camidge DR, Chang SM, Dancey J, de Vries EG, Gaspar LE, Harris GJ, Hodi FS, Kalkanis SN, Linskey ME, Macdonald DR, Margolin K, Mehta MP, Schiff D, Soffietti R, Suh JH, van den Bent MJ, Vogelbaum MA, Wen PY; Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) group
Lancet Oncol 2015 Jun;16(6):e270-8. Epub 2015 May 27 doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(15)70057-4. PMID: 26065612

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Central Nervous System Lymphoma.
Shah T, Venur VA
Semin Neurol 2023 Dec;43(6):825-832. Epub 2023 Nov 23 doi: 10.1055/s-0043-1776783. PMID: 37995744
Osimertinib for EGFR-Mutant Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Central Nervous System Metastases: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives on Therapeutic Strategies.
Popat S, Ahn MJ, Ekman S, Leighl NB, Ramalingam SS, Reungwetwattana T, Siva S, Tsuboi M, Wu YL, Yang JC
Target Oncol 2023 Jan;18(1):9-24. Epub 2023 Jan 18 doi: 10.1007/s11523-022-00941-7. PMID: 36652172
Prevention and management of secondary central nervous system lymphoma.
Bobillo S, Khwaja J, Ferreri AJM, Cwynarski K
Haematologica 2023 Mar 1;108(3):673-689. doi: 10.3324/haematol.2022.281457. PMID: 36384246Free PMC Article
Consensus recommendations for MRI and PET imaging of primary central nervous system lymphoma: guideline statement from the International Primary CNS Lymphoma Collaborative Group (IPCG).
Barajas RF, Politi LS, Anzalone N, Schöder H, Fox CP, Boxerman JL, Kaufmann TJ, Quarles CC, Ellingson BM, Auer D, Andronesi OC, Ferreri AJM, Mrugala MM, Grommes C, Neuwelt EA, Ambady P, Rubenstein JL, Illerhaus G, Nagane M, Batchelor TT, Hu LS
Neuro Oncol 2021 Jul 1;23(7):1056-1071. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/noab020. PMID: 33560416Free PMC Article
Response assessment criteria for brain metastases: proposal from the RANO group.
Lin NU, Lee EQ, Aoyama H, Barani IJ, Barboriak DP, Baumert BG, Bendszus M, Brown PD, Camidge DR, Chang SM, Dancey J, de Vries EG, Gaspar LE, Harris GJ, Hodi FS, Kalkanis SN, Linskey ME, Macdonald DR, Margolin K, Mehta MP, Schiff D, Soffietti R, Suh JH, van den Bent MJ, Vogelbaum MA, Wen PY; Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) group
Lancet Oncol 2015 Jun;16(6):e270-8. Epub 2015 May 27 doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(15)70057-4. PMID: 26065612

Diagnosis

NCCN Guidelines® Insights: Central Nervous System Cancers, Version 2.2022.
Horbinski C, Nabors LB, Portnow J, Baehring J, Bhatia A, Bloch O, Brem S, Butowski N, Cannon DM, Chao S, Chheda MG, Fabiano AJ, Forsyth P, Gigilio P, Hattangadi-Gluth J, Holdhoff M, Junck L, Kaley T, Merrell R, Mrugala MM, Nagpal S, Nedzi LA, Nevel K, Nghiemphu PL, Parney I, Patel TR, Peters K, Puduvalli VK, Rockhill J, Rusthoven C, Shonka N, Swinnen LJ, Weiss S, Wen PY, Willmarth NE, Bergman MA, Darlow S
J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2023 Jan;21(1):12-20. doi: 10.6004/jnccn.2023.0002. PMID: 36634606
Prevention and management of secondary central nervous system lymphoma.
Bobillo S, Khwaja J, Ferreri AJM, Cwynarski K
Haematologica 2023 Mar 1;108(3):673-689. doi: 10.3324/haematol.2022.281457. PMID: 36384246Free PMC Article
Central Nervous System Cancers, Version 3.2020, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology.
Nabors LB, Portnow J, Ahluwalia M, Baehring J, Brem H, Brem S, Butowski N, Campian JL, Clark SW, Fabiano AJ, Forsyth P, Hattangadi-Gluth J, Holdhoff M, Horbinski C, Junck L, Kaley T, Kumthekar P, Loeffler JS, Mrugala MM, Nagpal S, Pandey M, Parney I, Peters K, Puduvalli VK, Robins I, Rockhill J, Rusthoven C, Shonka N, Shrieve DC, Swinnen LJ, Weiss S, Wen PY, Willmarth NE, Bergman MA, Darlow SD
J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2020 Nov 2;18(11):1537-1570. doi: 10.6004/jnccn.2020.0052. PMID: 33152694
STAT3 labels a subpopulation of reactive astrocytes required for brain metastasis.
Priego N, Zhu L, Monteiro C, Mulders M, Wasilewski D, Bindeman W, Doglio L, Martínez L, Martínez-Saez E, Ramón Y Cajal S, Megías D, Hernández-Encinas E, Blanco-Aparicio C, Martínez L, Zarzuela E, Muñoz J, Fustero-Torre C, Piñeiro-Yáñez E, Hernández-Laín A, Bertero L, Poli V, Sanchez-Martinez M, Menendez JA, Soffietti R, Bosch-Barrera J, Valiente M
Nat Med 2018 Jul;24(7):1024-1035. Epub 2018 Jun 11 doi: 10.1038/s41591-018-0044-4. PMID: 29892069
Differential diagnosis of T2 hyperintense brainstem lesions: Part 2. Diffuse lesions.
Guzmán-De-Villoria JA, Ferreiro-Argüelles C, Fernández-García P
Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2010 Jun;31(3):260-74. doi: 10.1053/j.sult.2010.03.002. PMID: 20483393

Therapy

Central Nervous System Lymphoma.
Schaff L
Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2023 Dec 1;29(6):1710-1726. doi: 10.1212/CON.0000000000001356. PMID: 38085895
Osimertinib for EGFR-Mutant Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Central Nervous System Metastases: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives on Therapeutic Strategies.
Popat S, Ahn MJ, Ekman S, Leighl NB, Ramalingam SS, Reungwetwattana T, Siva S, Tsuboi M, Wu YL, Yang JC
Target Oncol 2023 Jan;18(1):9-24. Epub 2023 Jan 18 doi: 10.1007/s11523-022-00941-7. PMID: 36652172
Prevention and management of secondary central nervous system lymphoma.
Bobillo S, Khwaja J, Ferreri AJM, Cwynarski K
Haematologica 2023 Mar 1;108(3):673-689. doi: 10.3324/haematol.2022.281457. PMID: 36384246Free PMC Article
Alectinib versus Crizotinib in Untreated ALK-Positive Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.
Peters S, Camidge DR, Shaw AT, Gadgeel S, Ahn JS, Kim DW, Ou SI, Pérol M, Dziadziuszko R, Rosell R, Zeaiter A, Mitry E, Golding S, Balas B, Noe J, Morcos PN, Mok T; ALEX Trial Investigators
N Engl J Med 2017 Aug 31;377(9):829-838. Epub 2017 Jun 6 doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1704795. PMID: 28586279
Response assessment criteria for brain metastases: proposal from the RANO group.
Lin NU, Lee EQ, Aoyama H, Barani IJ, Barboriak DP, Baumert BG, Bendszus M, Brown PD, Camidge DR, Chang SM, Dancey J, de Vries EG, Gaspar LE, Harris GJ, Hodi FS, Kalkanis SN, Linskey ME, Macdonald DR, Margolin K, Mehta MP, Schiff D, Soffietti R, Suh JH, van den Bent MJ, Vogelbaum MA, Wen PY; Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) group
Lancet Oncol 2015 Jun;16(6):e270-8. Epub 2015 May 27 doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(15)70057-4. PMID: 26065612

Prognosis

Central Nervous System Lymphoma.
Shah T, Venur VA
Semin Neurol 2023 Dec;43(6):825-832. Epub 2023 Nov 23 doi: 10.1055/s-0043-1776783. PMID: 37995744
Lymphomas of Central Nervous System.
Yokogami K, Azuma M, Takeshima H, Hirai T
Adv Exp Med Biol 2023;1405:527-543. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-23705-8_20. PMID: 37452952
Osimertinib for EGFR-Mutant Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Central Nervous System Metastases: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives on Therapeutic Strategies.
Popat S, Ahn MJ, Ekman S, Leighl NB, Ramalingam SS, Reungwetwattana T, Siva S, Tsuboi M, Wu YL, Yang JC
Target Oncol 2023 Jan;18(1):9-24. Epub 2023 Jan 18 doi: 10.1007/s11523-022-00941-7. PMID: 36652172
Targeting brain metastases in breast cancer.
Corti C, Antonarelli G, Criscitiello C, Lin NU, Carey LA, Cortés J, Poortmans P, Curigliano G
Cancer Treat Rev 2022 Feb;103:102324. Epub 2021 Dec 16 doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2021.102324. PMID: 34953200
Intraocular lymphoma.
Chan CC, Buggage RR, Nussenblatt RB
Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2002 Dec;13(6):411-8. doi: 10.1097/00055735-200212000-00012. PMID: 12441846

Clinical prediction guides

Central nervous system prophylaxis in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: What does the evidence tell us?
Lantz J, Portell CA, Ayers EC
Blood Rev 2023 Sep;61:101101. Epub 2023 May 26 doi: 10.1016/j.blre.2023.101101. PMID: 37258362
The World Health Organization classifications of pituitary neuroendocrine tumours: a clinico-pathological appraisal.
Villa C, Baussart B, Assié G, Raverot G, Roncaroli F
Endocr Relat Cancer 2023 Aug 1;30(8) Epub 2023 Jun 22 doi: 10.1530/ERC-23-0021. PMID: 37068095
Top advances of the year: Neuro-oncology.
Barden MM, Omuro AM
Cancer 2023 May 15;129(10):1467-1472. Epub 2023 Feb 24 doi: 10.1002/cncr.34711. PMID: 36825454
Extranodal Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma: Molecular Features, Prognosis, and Risk of Central Nervous System Recurrence.
Ollila TA, Olszewski AJ
Curr Treat Options Oncol 2018 Jun 21;19(8):38. doi: 10.1007/s11864-018-0555-8. PMID: 29931605Free PMC Article
Epidemiology, Treatment, and Complications of Central Nervous System Metastases.
Pruitt AA
Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2017 Dec;23(6, Neuro-oncology):1580-1600. doi: 10.1212/CON.0000000000000551. PMID: 29200112

Recent systematic reviews

A Systematic Review Informing the Management of Symptomatic Brain Radiation Necrosis After Stereotactic Radiosurgery and International Stereotactic Radiosurgery Society Recommendations.
Vellayappan B, Lim-Fat MJ, Kotecha R, De Salles A, Fariselli L, Levivier M, Ma L, Paddick I, Pollock BE, Regis J, Sheehan JP, Suh JH, Yomo S, Sahgal A
Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024 Jan 1;118(1):14-28. Epub 2023 Jul 22 doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.07.015. PMID: 37482137
Cannabis-based medicines and medical cannabis for adults with cancer pain.
Häuser W, Welsch P, Radbruch L, Fisher E, Bell RF, Moore RA
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023 Jun 5;6(6):CD014915. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD014915.pub2. PMID: 37283486Free PMC Article
Toxicity and efficacy of CAR T-cell therapy in primary and secondary CNS lymphoma: a meta-analysis of 128 patients.
Cook MR, Dorris CS, Makambi KH, Luo Y, Munshi PN, Donato M, Rowley S, Saad A, Goy A, Dunleavy K, Ali A
Blood Adv 2023 Jan 10;7(1):32-39. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022008525. PMID: 36260735Free PMC Article
Radiation Therapy for Brain Metastases: An ASTRO Clinical Practice Guideline.
Gondi V, Bauman G, Bradfield L, Burri SH, Cabrera AR, Cunningham DA, Eaton BR, Hattangadi-Gluth JA, Kim MM, Kotecha R, Kraemer L, Li J, Nagpal S, Rusthoven CG, Suh JH, Tomé WA, Wang TJC, Zimmer AS, Ziu M, Brown PD
Pract Radiat Oncol 2022 Jul-Aug;12(4):265-282. Epub 2022 May 6 doi: 10.1016/j.prro.2022.02.003. PMID: 35534352
Comparison of Systemic Treatments for Metastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis.
Wang L, Paller CJ, Hong H, De Felice A, Alexander GC, Brawley O
JAMA Oncol 2021 Mar 1;7(3):412-420. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2020.6973. PMID: 33443584Free PMC Article

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