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Spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive 23(SCAR23)

MedGen UID:
1667331
Concept ID:
C4750914
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: Autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia - epilepsy - intellectual disability syndrome due to TUD deficiency
SNOMED CT: Spinocerebellar ataxia autosomal recessive type 23 (773498006); SCAR23 - spinocerebellar ataxia autosomal recessive type 23 (773498006); Autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia, epilepsy, intellectual disability syndrome due to TUD deficiency (773498006)
Modes of inheritance:
Autosomal recessive inheritance
MedGen UID:
141025
Concept ID:
C0441748
Intellectual Product
Source: Orphanet
A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in individuals with two pathogenic alleles, either homozygotes (two copies of the same mutant allele) or compound heterozygotes (whereby each copy of a gene has a distinct mutant allele).
 
Gene (location): TDP2 (6p22.3)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0014846
OMIM®: 616949
Orphanet: ORPHA404493

Definition

Autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia-23 is a neurologic disorder characterized by epilepsy, intellectual disability, and gait ataxia (summary by Gomez-Herreros et al., 2014). [from OMIM]

Clinical features

From HPO
Cardiac arrhythmia
MedGen UID:
2039
Concept ID:
C0003811
Finding
Any cardiac rhythm other than the normal sinus rhythm. Such a rhythm may be either of sinus or ectopic origin and either regular or irregular. An arrhythmia may be due to a disturbance in impulse formation or conduction or both.
Cerebellar ataxia
MedGen UID:
849
Concept ID:
C0007758
Disease or Syndrome
Cerebellar ataxia refers to ataxia due to dysfunction of the cerebellum. This causes a variety of elementary neurological deficits including asynergy (lack of coordination between muscles, limbs and joints), dysmetria (lack of ability to judge distances that can lead to under- or overshoot in grasping movements), and dysdiadochokinesia (inability to perform rapid movements requiring antagonizing muscle groups to be switched on and off repeatedly).
Seizure
MedGen UID:
20693
Concept ID:
C0036572
Sign or Symptom
A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterised by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.
Hypersomnia
MedGen UID:
214588
Concept ID:
C0917799
Disease or Syndrome
A sleep disorder characterized by excessive sleepiness.
Easy fatigability
MedGen UID:
373253
Concept ID:
C1837098
Finding
Increased susceptibility to fatigue.
Intellectual disability
MedGen UID:
811461
Concept ID:
C3714756
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. Intellectual disability, previously referred to as mental retardation, has been defined as an IQ score below 70.
Generalized hypotonia
MedGen UID:
346841
Concept ID:
C1858120
Finding
Generalized muscular hypotonia (abnormally low muscle tone).
Microcephaly
MedGen UID:
1644158
Concept ID:
C4551563
Finding
Head circumference below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender.
Neutropenia
MedGen UID:
163121
Concept ID:
C0853697
Finding
An abnormally low number of neutrophils in the peripheral blood.
Hyponatremia
MedGen UID:
6984
Concept ID:
C0020625
Finding
An abnormally decreased sodium concentration in the blood.

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVSpinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive 23

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Anheim M, Torres Martin JV, Kolb SA
Cerebellum 2020 Apr;19(2):243-251. doi: 10.1007/s12311-020-01102-0. PMID: 31933160
van de Warrenburg BP, van Gaalen J, Boesch S, Burgunder JM, Dürr A, Giunti P, Klockgether T, Mariotti C, Pandolfo M, Riess O
Eur J Neurol 2014 Apr;21(4):552-62. Epub 2014 Jan 13 doi: 10.1111/ene.12341. PMID: 24418350

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Walsh MF, Chang VY, Kohlmann WK, Scott HS, Cunniff C, Bourdeaut F, Molenaar JJ, Porter CC, Sandlund JT, Plon SE, Wang LL, Savage SA
Clin Cancer Res 2017 Jun 1;23(11):e23-e31. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-17-0465. PMID: 28572264Free PMC Article
Perkins E, Suminaite D, Jackson M
J Physiol 2016 Aug 15;594(16):4661-76. Epub 2016 Apr 24 doi: 10.1113/JP271195. PMID: 26821241Free PMC Article
Jayadev S, Bird TD
Genet Med 2013 Sep;15(9):673-83. Epub 2013 Mar 28 doi: 10.1038/gim.2013.28. PMID: 23538602
Finsterer J
Can J Neurol Sci 2009 Jul;36(4):409-28. doi: 10.1017/s0317167100007733. PMID: 19650351
Hamel CP
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2007 Feb 1;2:7. doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-2-7. PMID: 17270046Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Saito R, Tada Y, Oikawa D, Sato Y, Seto M, Satoh A, Kume K, Ueki N, Nakashima M, Hayashi S, Toyoshima Y, Tokunaga F, Kawakami H, Kakita A
Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022 Dec 7;10(1):177. doi: 10.1186/s40478-022-01486-6. PMID: 36476347Free PMC Article
Balakrishnan S, Aggarwal S, Muthulakshmi M, Meena AK, Borgohain R, Mridula KR, Yareeda S, Ranganath P, Dalal A
Neurol India 2022 May-Jun;70(3):934-942. doi: 10.4103/0028-3886.349660. PMID: 35864621
Bagaria J, Bagyinszky E, An SSA
Int J Mol Sci 2022 Jan 4;23(1) doi: 10.3390/ijms23010552. PMID: 35008978Free PMC Article
Jayadev S, Bird TD
Genet Med 2013 Sep;15(9):673-83. Epub 2013 Mar 28 doi: 10.1038/gim.2013.28. PMID: 23538602
Hamel CP
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2007 Feb 1;2:7. doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-2-7. PMID: 17270046Free PMC Article

Therapy

Woelke S, Pommerening H, Kieslich M, Schubert R, Zielen S
Growth Factors 2017 Jun;35(2-3):125-130. doi: 10.1080/08977194.2017.1367681. PMID: 28948852
Reetz K, Dogan I, Costa AS, Dafotakis M, Fedosov K, Giunti P, Parkinson MH, Sweeney MG, Mariotti C, Panzeri M, Nanetti L, Arpa J, Sanz-Gallego I, Durr A, Charles P, Boesch S, Nachbauer W, Klopstock T, Karin I, Depondt C, vom Hagen JM, Schöls L, Giordano IA, Klockgether T, Bürk K, Pandolfo M, Schulz JB
Lancet Neurol 2015 Feb;14(2):174-82. Epub 2015 Jan 5 doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70321-7. PMID: 25566998
Tallaksen CM, Berg JE
J Inherit Metab Dis 2009 Dec;32 Suppl 1:S289-93. Epub 2009 Nov 4 doi: 10.1007/s10545-009-1224-7. PMID: 19898953
Berger JR, Weaver A, Greenlee J
Neurology 2008 Jun 3;70(23):2248-51. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000313837.45525.b6. PMID: 18519874
Gatti RA, Berkel I, Boder E, Braedt G, Charmley P, Concannon P, Ersoy F, Foroud T, Jaspers NG, Lange K
Nature 1988 Dec 8;336(6199):577-80. doi: 10.1038/336577a0. PMID: 3200306

Prognosis

Das S, Thomas M, Yoganathan S, Muthusamy K, Barney AM, A SSC, Dutta AK, A R, Mohan S, Danda S
Eur J Med Genet 2023 Jun;66(6):104766. Epub 2023 Apr 17 doi: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2023.104766. PMID: 37075885
Mancini C, Giorgio E, Rubegni A, Pradotto L, Bagnoli S, Rubino E, Prontera P, Cavalieri S, Di Gregorio E, Ferrero M, Pozzi E, Riberi E, Ferrero P, Nigro P, Mauro A, Zibetti M, Tessa A, Barghigiani M, Antenora A, Sirchia F, Piacentini S, Silvestri G, De Michele G, Filla A, Orsi L, Santorelli FM, Brusco A
Eur J Neurol 2019 Jan;26(1):80-86. Epub 2018 Sep 3 doi: 10.1111/ene.13768. PMID: 30098094
Reetz K, Dogan I, Costa AS, Dafotakis M, Fedosov K, Giunti P, Parkinson MH, Sweeney MG, Mariotti C, Panzeri M, Nanetti L, Arpa J, Sanz-Gallego I, Durr A, Charles P, Boesch S, Nachbauer W, Klopstock T, Karin I, Depondt C, vom Hagen JM, Schöls L, Giordano IA, Klockgether T, Bürk K, Pandolfo M, Schulz JB
Lancet Neurol 2015 Feb;14(2):174-82. Epub 2015 Jan 5 doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70321-7. PMID: 25566998
van de Warrenburg BP, van Gaalen J, Boesch S, Burgunder JM, Dürr A, Giunti P, Klockgether T, Mariotti C, Pandolfo M, Riess O
Eur J Neurol 2014 Apr;21(4):552-62. Epub 2014 Jan 13 doi: 10.1111/ene.12341. PMID: 24418350
Hamel CP
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2007 Feb 1;2:7. doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-2-7. PMID: 17270046Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Das S, Thomas M, Yoganathan S, Muthusamy K, Barney AM, A SSC, Dutta AK, A R, Mohan S, Danda S
Eur J Med Genet 2023 Jun;66(6):104766. Epub 2023 Apr 17 doi: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2023.104766. PMID: 37075885
Kanzler CM, Lessard I, Gassert R, Brais B, Gagnon C, Lambercy O
Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2022 Apr;9(4):432-443. Epub 2022 Feb 27 doi: 10.1002/acn3.51493. PMID: 35224896Free PMC Article
Bagaria J, Bagyinszky E, An SSA
Int J Mol Sci 2022 Jan 4;23(1) doi: 10.3390/ijms23010552. PMID: 35008978Free PMC Article
Woelke S, Pommerening H, Kieslich M, Schubert R, Zielen S
Growth Factors 2017 Jun;35(2-3):125-130. doi: 10.1080/08977194.2017.1367681. PMID: 28948852
Wedding IM, Kroken M, Henriksen SP, Selmer KK, Fiskerstrand T, Knappskog PM, Berge T, Tallaksen CM
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2015 Sep 4;10:108. doi: 10.1186/s13023-015-0328-4. PMID: 26338206Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Petley E, Yule A, Alexander S, Ojha S, Whitehouse WP
PLoS One 2022;17(3):e0264177. Epub 2022 Mar 15 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264177. PMID: 35290391Free PMC Article

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