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Infection-related seizure

MedGen UID:
1711430
•Concept ID:
C5397897
•
Disease or Syndrome
HPO: HP:0032892

Definition

Seizure associated with a presumed or proven infection (excluding infection of the central nervous system) or inflammatory state without an alternative precipitant such as metabolic derangement, and regardless of the presence or absence of a fever. [from HPO]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Treatment of new onset refractory status epilepticus/febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome with tocilizumab in a child and a young adult.
Girardin ML, Flamand T, Roignot O, Abi Warde MT, Mutschler V, Voulleminot P, Guillot M, Dinkelacker V, De Saint-Martin A
Epilepsia 2023 Jun;64(6):e87-e92. Epub 2023 Apr 5 doi: 10.1111/epi.17591. PMID: 36961094
Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES): An Overview of Treatment and Recent Patents.
Hon KL, Leung AKC, Torres AR
Recent Pat Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov 2018;12(2):128-135. doi: 10.2174/1872213X12666180508122450. PMID: 29745347
Evaluation and treatment of autoimmune neurologic disorders in the pediatric intensive care unit.
Benson LA, Olson H, Gorman MP
Semin Pediatr Neurol 2014 Dec;21(4):284-90. Epub 2014 Dec 18 doi: 10.1016/j.spen.2014.12.008. PMID: 25727510

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Anakinra and tocilizumab in the chronic phase of febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES): Effectiveness and safety from a case-series.
Aledo-Serrano A, Hariramani R, Gonzalez-Martinez A, Álvarez-Troncoso J, Toledano R, Bayat A, Garcia-Morales I, Becerra JL, Villegas-Martínez I, Beltran-Corbellini A, Gil-Nagel A
Seizure 2022 Aug;100:51-55. Epub 2022 Jun 22 doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2022.06.012. PMID: 35759951
Antiepileptic drugs for the primary and secondary prevention of seizures after stroke.
Chang RS, Leung WC, Vassallo M, Sykes L, Battersby Wood E, Kwan J
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022 Feb 7;2(2):CD005398. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005398.pub4. PMID: 35129214Free PMC Article
Unraveling the enigma of new-onset refractory status epilepticus: a systematic review of aetiologies.
Lattanzi S, Leitinger M, Rocchi C, Salvemini S, Matricardi S, Brigo F, Meletti S, Trinka E
Eur J Neurol 2022 Feb;29(2):626-647. Epub 2021 Nov 2 doi: 10.1111/ene.15149. PMID: 34661330Free PMC Article
Proposed consensus definitions for new-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE), febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES), and related conditions.
Hirsch LJ, Gaspard N, van Baalen A, Nabbout R, Demeret S, Loddenkemper T, Navarro V, Specchio N, Lagae L, Rossetti AO, Hocker S, Gofton TE, Abend NS, Gilmore EJ, Hahn C, Khosravani H, Rosenow F, Trinka E
Epilepsia 2018 Apr;59(4):739-744. Epub 2018 Feb 5 doi: 10.1111/epi.14016. PMID: 29399791
Cerebrovascular disorders in childhood.
Steinlin M
Handb Clin Neurol 2013;112:1053-64. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-52910-7.00023-4. PMID: 23622311

Diagnosis

Status epilepticus: what's new for the intensivist.
Benghanem S, Robieux EP, Neligan A, Walker MC
Curr Opin Crit Care 2024 Apr 1;30(2):131-141. Epub 2024 Feb 13 doi: 10.1097/MCC.0000000000001137. PMID: 38441162
Unraveling the enigma of new-onset refractory status epilepticus: a systematic review of aetiologies.
Lattanzi S, Leitinger M, Rocchi C, Salvemini S, Matricardi S, Brigo F, Meletti S, Trinka E
Eur J Neurol 2022 Feb;29(2):626-647. Epub 2021 Nov 2 doi: 10.1111/ene.15149. PMID: 34661330Free PMC Article
New-onset refractory status epilepticus and febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome.
Specchio N, Pietrafusa N
Dev Med Child Neurol 2020 Aug;62(8):897-905. Epub 2020 May 5 doi: 10.1111/dmcn.14553. PMID: 32372459
New onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE).
Sculier C, Gaspard N
Seizure 2019 May;68:72-78. Epub 2018 Sep 29 doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2018.09.018. PMID: 30482654
Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES): An Overview of Treatment and Recent Patents.
Hon KL, Leung AKC, Torres AR
Recent Pat Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov 2018;12(2):128-135. doi: 10.2174/1872213X12666180508122450. PMID: 29745347

Therapy

Status epilepticus: what's new for the intensivist.
Benghanem S, Robieux EP, Neligan A, Walker MC
Curr Opin Crit Care 2024 Apr 1;30(2):131-141. Epub 2024 Feb 13 doi: 10.1097/MCC.0000000000001137. PMID: 38441162
Intrathecal dexamethasone therapy for febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome.
Horino A, Kuki I, Inoue T, Nukui M, Okazaki S, Kawawaki H, Togawa M, Amo K, Ishikawa J, Ujiro A, Shiomi M, Sakuma H
Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2021 Mar;8(3):645-655. Epub 2021 Feb 5 doi: 10.1002/acn3.51308. PMID: 33547757Free PMC Article
Neurocritical care and target immunotherapy for febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome.
Sakuma H, Horino A, Kuki I
Biomed J 2020 Jun;43(3):205-210. Epub 2020 Apr 21 doi: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.03.009. PMID: 32330681Free PMC Article
Inflammation and reactive oxygen species in status epilepticus: Biomarkers and implications for therapy.
Terrone G, Frigerio F, Balosso S, Ravizza T, Vezzani A
Epilepsy Behav 2019 Dec;101(Pt B):106275. Epub 2019 Jun 4 doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.04.028. PMID: 31171434
Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES): An Overview of Treatment and Recent Patents.
Hon KL, Leung AKC, Torres AR
Recent Pat Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov 2018;12(2):128-135. doi: 10.2174/1872213X12666180508122450. PMID: 29745347

Prognosis

Status epilepticus: what's new for the intensivist.
Benghanem S, Robieux EP, Neligan A, Walker MC
Curr Opin Crit Care 2024 Apr 1;30(2):131-141. Epub 2024 Feb 13 doi: 10.1097/MCC.0000000000001137. PMID: 38441162
International League Against Epilepsy classification and definition of epilepsy syndromes with onset in childhood: Position paper by the ILAE Task Force on Nosology and Definitions.
Specchio N, Wirrell EC, Scheffer IE, Nabbout R, Riney K, Samia P, Guerreiro M, Gwer S, Zuberi SM, Wilmshurst JM, Yozawitz E, Pressler R, Hirsch E, Wiebe S, Cross HJ, Perucca E, Moshé SL, Tinuper P, Auvin S
Epilepsia 2022 Jun;63(6):1398-1442. Epub 2022 May 3 doi: 10.1111/epi.17241. PMID: 35503717
New-onset refractory status epilepticus and febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome.
Specchio N, Pietrafusa N
Dev Med Child Neurol 2020 Aug;62(8):897-905. Epub 2020 May 5 doi: 10.1111/dmcn.14553. PMID: 32372459
New onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE).
Sculier C, Gaspard N
Seizure 2019 May;68:72-78. Epub 2018 Sep 29 doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2018.09.018. PMID: 30482654
Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES): An Overview of Treatment and Recent Patents.
Hon KL, Leung AKC, Torres AR
Recent Pat Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov 2018;12(2):128-135. doi: 10.2174/1872213X12666180508122450. PMID: 29745347

Clinical prediction guides

Status epilepticus: what's new for the intensivist.
Benghanem S, Robieux EP, Neligan A, Walker MC
Curr Opin Crit Care 2024 Apr 1;30(2):131-141. Epub 2024 Feb 13 doi: 10.1097/MCC.0000000000001137. PMID: 38441162
Cytokines in New-Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus Predict Outcomes.
Hanin A, Cespedes J, Dorgham K, Pulluru Y, Gopaul M, Gorochov G, Hafler DA, Navarro V, Gaspard N, Hirsch LJ
Ann Neurol 2023 Jul;94(1):75-90. Epub 2023 Mar 17 doi: 10.1002/ana.26627. PMID: 36871188
Unraveling the enigma of new-onset refractory status epilepticus: a systematic review of aetiologies.
Lattanzi S, Leitinger M, Rocchi C, Salvemini S, Matricardi S, Brigo F, Meletti S, Trinka E
Eur J Neurol 2022 Feb;29(2):626-647. Epub 2021 Nov 2 doi: 10.1111/ene.15149. PMID: 34661330Free PMC Article
Neurocritical care and target immunotherapy for febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome.
Sakuma H, Horino A, Kuki I
Biomed J 2020 Jun;43(3):205-210. Epub 2020 Apr 21 doi: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.03.009. PMID: 32330681Free PMC Article
Autoimmune encephalitis and its relation to infection.
Venkatesan A, Benavides DR
Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2015 Mar;15(3):3. doi: 10.1007/s11910-015-0529-1. PMID: 25637289

Recent systematic reviews

Antiepileptic drugs for the primary and secondary prevention of seizures after stroke.
Chang RS, Leung WC, Vassallo M, Sykes L, Battersby Wood E, Kwan J
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022 Feb 7;2(2):CD005398. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005398.pub4. PMID: 35129214Free PMC Article
Unraveling the enigma of new-onset refractory status epilepticus: a systematic review of aetiologies.
Lattanzi S, Leitinger M, Rocchi C, Salvemini S, Matricardi S, Brigo F, Meletti S, Trinka E
Eur J Neurol 2022 Feb;29(2):626-647. Epub 2021 Nov 2 doi: 10.1111/ene.15149. PMID: 34661330Free PMC Article
Considering safety and patient tolerance in the use of ketogenic diet in the management of refractory and super-refractory status epilepticus: a systematic review.
Dozières-Puyravel B, Höhn S, Auvin S
Expert Rev Neurother 2021 Nov;21(11):1303-1308. Epub 2021 Jul 24 doi: 10.1080/14737175.2021.1956905. PMID: 34275391
Status epilepticus and COVID-19: A systematic review.
Dono F, Nucera B, Lanzone J, Evangelista G, Rinaldi F, Speranza R, Troisi S, Tinti L, Russo M, Di Pietro M, Onofrj M, Bonanni L, Assenza G, Vollono C, Anzellotti F, Brigo F
Epilepsy Behav 2021 May;118:107887. Epub 2021 Mar 17 doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.107887. PMID: 33743344Free PMC Article
Efficacy of different treatment modalities for acute and chronic phases of the febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome: A systematic review.
Kessi M, Liu F, Zhan Y, Tang Y, Wu L, Yang L, Zhang CL, Yin F, Peng J
Seizure 2020 Jul;79:61-68. Epub 2020 May 14 doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2020.04.015. PMID: 32417686

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