A functional motor deficit where individuals whose responses to the challenges of exercise fail to achieve levels considered normal for their age and gender.

Repeated infections of the urinary tract.

Apparently small scrotum for age.

Increased pressure in the portal vein.

The presence of a localized dilatation or ballooning of a cerebral artery.

An abnormal restriction of fetal growth with fetal weight below the tenth percentile for gestational age.

Smaller than normal size according to sex and gestational age related norms, defined as a weight below the 10th percentile for the gestational age.

A height below that which is expected according to age and gender norms. Although there is no universally accepted definition of short stature, many refer to "short stature" as height more than 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender (or below the 3rd percentile for age and gender dependent norms).

A deficiency or slowing down of growth pre- and postnatally.

Asthenic habitus refers to a slender build with long limbs, an angular profile, and prominent muscles or bones.

Failure to thrive (FTT) refers to a child whose physical growth is substantially below the norm.

Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity.

Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in bile ducts.

Extreme dilation of the submucusoal veins in the lower portion of the esophagus.

A chronic disorder of the liver in which liver tissue becomes scarred and is partially replaced by regenerative nodules and fibrotic tissue resulting in loss of liver function.

Forceful ejection of the contents of the stomach through the mouth by means of a series of involuntary spasmic contractions.

An abnormality of the intestinal rotation and fixation that normally occurs during the development of the gut. This can lead to volvulus, or twisting of the intestine that causes obstruction and necrosis.

Impaired ability to eat related to problems gathering food and getting ready to suck, chew, or swallow it.

Reduced ability of the liver to perform its functions.

Proliferative changes of the bile ducts.

Steatosis is a term used to denote lipid accumulation within hepatocytes.

A condition in which the stomach contents leak backwards from the stomach into the esophagus through the lower esophageal sphincter.

Cephalgia, or pain sensed in various parts of the head, not confined to the area of distribution of any nerve.

A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.

Atrophy (wasting, decrease in size of cells or tissue) affecting the cerebrum.

A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.

The Premie-Neuro and the Dubowitz Neurological Examination score head lag in the same manner. Scoring for both is as follows

Impairment of certain skills such as reading or writing, coordination, self-control, or attention that interfere with the ability to learn. The impairment is not related to a global deficiency of intelligence.

A reduction in erythrocytes volume or hemoglobin concentration.

An abnormal reduction in numbers of all blood cell types (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets).

Protrusion of the contents of the abdominal cavity through the inguinal canal.

Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist.

Osteopenia is a term to define bone density that is not normal but also not as low as osteoporosis. By definition from the World Health Organization osteopenia is defined by bone densitometry as a T score -1 to -2.5.

Rickets is divided into two major categories including calcipenic and phosphopenic. Hypophosphatemia is described as a common manifestation of both categories. Hypophosphatemic rickets is the most common type of rickets that is characterized by low levels of serum phosphate, resistance to ultraviolet radiation or vitamin D intake. There are several issues involved in hypophosphatemic rickets such as calcium, vitamin D, phosphorus deficiencies. Moreover, other disorder can be associated with its occurrence such as absorption defects due to pancreatic, intestinal, gastric, and renal disorders and hepatobiliary disease. Symptoms are usually seen in childhood and can be varied in severity. Severe forms may be linked to bowing of the legs, poor bone growth, and short stature as well as joint and bone pain. Hypophosphatemic rickets are associated with renal excretion of phosphate, hypophosphatemia, and mineral defects in bones. The familial type of the disease is the most common type of rickets.

The presence of an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.

The presence of calcium deposition within the cerebrum.

A decreased rate of skeletal maturation. Delayed skeletal maturation can be diagnosed on the basis of an estimation of the bone age from radiographs of specific bones in the human body.

Abnormal thinning of the cortical region of bones.

The capability that a joint (or a group of joints) has to move, passively and/or actively, beyond normal limits along physiological axes.

Muscular hypotonia (abnormally low muscle tone) affecting the musculature of the trunk.

Generalized muscular hypotonia (abnormally low muscle tone).

A defect of the chest wall characterized by a depression of the sternum, giving the chest ("pectus") a caved-in ("excavatum") appearance.

A reduction of bone mineral density, that is, of the amount of matter per cubic centimeter of bones.

Head circumference below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender.

A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation.

A subcategory of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It occurs in people who smoke and suffer from chronic bronchitis. It is characterized by inflation of the alveoli, alveolar wall damage, and reduction in the number of alveoli, resulting in difficulty breathing.

Impairment of gas exchange within the lungs secondary to a disease process, neoplasm, or trauma, possibly resulting in hypoxia, hypercarbia, or both, but not requiring intubation or mechanical ventilation. Patients are normally managed with pharmaceutical therapy, supplemental oxygen, or both.

Very rapid breathing.

A severe form of respiratory insufficiency characterized by inadequate gas exchange such that the levels of oxygen or carbon dioxide cannot be maintained within normal limits.

Abnormality of the lung parenchyma extending to the pulmonary interstitium and leading to diffuse pulmonary fibrosis.

An abnormally decreased calcium concentration in the blood.

A decreased concentration of glucose in the blood.

Concentration of vitamin A below the lower limit of normal in the blood circulation.

The concentration of vitamin D in the blood circulation is below the lower limit of normal.

An extreme form of generalized edema with widespread and massive edema due to effusion of fluid into the extracellular space.

Reduction in the concentration of albumin in the blood.

An increased amount of unconjugated (indirect) bilurubin in the blood.

Elevations of the levels of SGOT and SGPT in the serum. SGOT (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase) and SGPT (serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase) are transaminases primarily found in the liver and heart and are released into the bloodstream as the result of liver or heart damage. SGOT and SGPT are used clinically mainly as markers of liver damage.

Height of the palate more than 2 SD above the mean (objective) or palatal height at the level of the first permanent molar more than twice the height of the teeth (subjective).

Forward prominence of the entire forehead, due to protrusion of the frontal bone.

Diminished amniotic fluid volume in pregnancy.

An eye that is more deeply recessed into the plane of the face than is typical.

Interpupillary distance less than 2 SD below the mean (alternatively, the appearance of an decreased interpupillary distance or closely spaced eyes).