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Orchitis

MedGen UID:
18191
•Concept ID:
C0029191
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: Orchitides
SNOMED CT: Inflammation of testis (274718005); Orchitis (274718005); Non-specific orchitis (274718005)
 
HPO: HP:0100796
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0006882

Definition

Testicular inflammation. [from HPO]

Conditions with this feature

Familial Mediterranean fever
MedGen UID:
45811
•Concept ID:
C0031069
•
Disease or Syndrome
Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is divided into two phenotypes: type 1 and type 2. FMF type 1 is characterized by recurrent short episodes of inflammation and serositis including fever, peritonitis, synovitis, pleuritis, and, rarely, pericarditis and meningitis. The symptoms and severity vary among affected individuals, sometimes even among members of the same family. Amyloidosis, which can lead to renal failure, is the most severe complication, if untreated. FMF type 2 is characterized by amyloidosis as the first clinical manifestation of FMF in an otherwise asymptomatic individual.
See: Condition Record
Familial Mediterranean fever

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Evaluating the Necessity of Antibiotics in the Treatment of Acute Epididymitis in Pediatric Patients: A Literature Review of Retrospective Studies and Data Analysis.
Cristoforo TA
Pediatr Emerg Care 2021 Dec 1;37(12):e1675-e1680. doi: 10.1097/PEC.0000000000001018. PMID: 28099292
Endoscopic treatment of urethrodeferential reflux in children.
Fernández Bautista B, Parente Hernández A, Ortiz Rodríguez R, Burgos Lucena L, Angulo Madero JM
Actas Urol Esp (Engl Ed) 2018 Mar;42(2):133-136. Epub 2017 Aug 24 doi: 10.1016/j.acuro.2017.07.007. PMID: 28843475
Zika virus and reproduction: facts, questions and current management.
Epelboin S, Dulioust E, Epelboin L, Benachi A, Merlet F, Patrat C
Hum Reprod Update 2017 Nov 1;23(6):629-645. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmx024. PMID: 28961800

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Men, testosterone and Covid-19.
Groti Antonic K, Antonic B, Caliber M, Dhindsa S
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2024 Jan;100(1):56-65. Epub 2023 Jul 27 doi: 10.1111/cen.14952. PMID: 37501254
Macrophage-Related Testicular Inflammation in Individuals with Idiopathic Non-Obstructive Azoospermia: A Single-Cell Analysis.
Xia P, Ouyang S, Shen R, Guo Z, Zhang G, Liu X, Yang X, Xie K, Wang D
Int J Mol Sci 2023 May 16;24(10) doi: 10.3390/ijms24108819. PMID: 37240164Free PMC Article
Mumps Orchitis: Clinical Aspects and Mechanisms.
Wu H, Wang F, Tang D, Han D
Front Immunol 2021;12:582946. Epub 2021 Mar 18 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.582946. PMID: 33815357Free PMC Article
Candida urinary tract infections in adults.
Odabasi Z, Mert A
World J Urol 2020 Nov;38(11):2699-2707. Epub 2019 Oct 25 doi: 10.1007/s00345-019-02991-5. PMID: 31654220
Pediatric Testicular Torsion.
Bowlin PR, Gatti JM, Murphy JP
Surg Clin North Am 2017 Feb;97(1):161-172. doi: 10.1016/j.suc.2016.08.012. PMID: 27894425

Diagnosis

Brucella epididymo-orchitis: A single-center experience with a review of the literature.
Bapir R, Abdalqadir AM, Aghaways E, Bayz HH, Abdullah HO, Ahmed SF, Abdalla BA, Hama JI, Muhammed BO, Hamahussein KF, Faraj FM, Kakamad FH
Arch Ital Urol Androl 2023 Dec 28;95(4):11978. doi: 10.4081/aiua.2023.11978. PMID: 38193225
Research progress on complications of Brucellosis.
Jin M, Fan Z, Gao R, Li X, Gao Z, Wang Z
Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023;13:1136674. Epub 2023 Mar 31 doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1136674. PMID: 37065189Free PMC Article
Pathomechanisms of Autoimmune Based Testicular Inflammation.
Lustig L, Guazzone VA, Theas MS, Pleuger C, Jacobo P, Pérez CV, Meinhardt A, Fijak M
Front Immunol 2020;11:583135. Epub 2020 Sep 25 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.583135. PMID: 33101310Free PMC Article
Idiopathic granulomatous orchitis.
Roy S, Hooda S, Parwani AV
Pathol Res Pract 2011 May 15;207(5):275-8. Epub 2011 Apr 1 doi: 10.1016/j.prp.2011.02.005. PMID: 21458170
Penile and testicular disorders.
Wren T
Nurs Clin North Am 2004 Jun;39(2):319-26. doi: 10.1016/j.cnur.2004.01.004. PMID: 15159182

Therapy

Men, testosterone and Covid-19.
Groti Antonic K, Antonic B, Caliber M, Dhindsa S
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2024 Jan;100(1):56-65. Epub 2023 Jul 27 doi: 10.1111/cen.14952. PMID: 37501254
Mumps Orchitis: Clinical Aspects and Mechanisms.
Wu H, Wang F, Tang D, Han D
Front Immunol 2021;12:582946. Epub 2021 Mar 18 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.582946. PMID: 33815357Free PMC Article
Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (IgA Vasculitis): Rapid Evidence Review.
Reamy BV, Servey JT, Williams PM
Am Fam Physician 2020 Aug 15;102(4):229-233. PMID: 32803924
Effect of intensive lifestyle intervention on bodyweight and glycaemia in early type 2 diabetes (DIADEM-I): an open-label, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial.
Taheri S, Zaghloul H, Chagoury O, Elhadad S, Ahmed SH, El Khatib N, Amona RA, El Nahas K, Suleiman N, Alnaama A, Al-Hamaq A, Charlson M, Wells MT, Al-Abdulla S, Abou-Samra AB
Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2020 Jun;8(6):477-489. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(20)30117-0. PMID: 32445735
Candida urinary tract infections in adults.
Odabasi Z, Mert A
World J Urol 2020 Nov;38(11):2699-2707. Epub 2019 Oct 25 doi: 10.1007/s00345-019-02991-5. PMID: 31654220

Prognosis

Research progress on complications of Brucellosis.
Jin M, Fan Z, Gao R, Li X, Gao Z, Wang Z
Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023;13:1136674. Epub 2023 Mar 31 doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1136674. PMID: 37065189Free PMC Article
Does SARS-CoV-2 Affect Male Urogenital System?
Balawender K, Pliszka A, Krowiak A, Sito M, Grabarek BO, Boroń D
Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2022;23(15):1792-1799. doi: 10.2174/1389201023666220307102147. PMID: 35255789
Pathomechanisms of Autoimmune Based Testicular Inflammation.
Lustig L, Guazzone VA, Theas MS, Pleuger C, Jacobo P, Pérez CV, Meinhardt A, Fijak M
Front Immunol 2020;11:583135. Epub 2020 Sep 25 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.583135. PMID: 33101310Free PMC Article
Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (IgA Vasculitis): Rapid Evidence Review.
Reamy BV, Servey JT, Williams PM
Am Fam Physician 2020 Aug 15;102(4):229-233. PMID: 32803924
Penile and testicular disorders.
Wren T
Nurs Clin North Am 2004 Jun;39(2):319-26. doi: 10.1016/j.cnur.2004.01.004. PMID: 15159182

Clinical prediction guides

Macrophage-Related Testicular Inflammation in Individuals with Idiopathic Non-Obstructive Azoospermia: A Single-Cell Analysis.
Xia P, Ouyang S, Shen R, Guo Z, Zhang G, Liu X, Yang X, Xie K, Wang D
Int J Mol Sci 2023 May 16;24(10) doi: 10.3390/ijms24108819. PMID: 37240164Free PMC Article
Evidence of pyroptosis and ferroptosis extensively involved in autoimmune diseases at the single-cell transcriptome level.
Zhang D, Li Y, Du C, Sang L, Liu L, Li Y, Wang F, Fan W, Tang P, Zhang S, Chen D, Wang Y, Wang X, Xie X, Jiang Z, Song Y, Guo R
J Transl Med 2022 Aug 12;20(1):363. doi: 10.1186/s12967-022-03566-6. PMID: 35962439Free PMC Article
Ageing and inflammation in the male reproductive tract.
Frungieri MB, Calandra RS, Bartke A, Matzkin ME
Andrologia 2018 Dec;50(11):e13034. Epub 2018 May 8 doi: 10.1111/and.13034. PMID: 29740839
Molecular biology, pathogenesis and pathology of mumps virus.
Rubin S, Eckhaus M, Rennick LJ, Bamford CG, Duprex WP
J Pathol 2015 Jan;235(2):242-52. doi: 10.1002/path.4445. PMID: 25229387Free PMC Article
Testicular autoimmunity.
Jacobo P, Guazzone VA, Theas MS, Lustig L
Autoimmun Rev 2011 Feb;10(4):201-4. Epub 2010 Oct 14 doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2010.09.026. PMID: 20932942

Recent systematic reviews

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Epidemiology and Clinical Manifestations of Human Brucellosis in China.
Zheng R, Xie S, Lu X, Sun L, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Wang K
Biomed Res Int 2018;2018:5712920. Epub 2018 Apr 22 doi: 10.1155/2018/5712920. PMID: 29850535Free PMC Article
Urogenital Infection as a Risk Factor for Male Infertility.
Schuppe HC, Pilatz A, Hossain H, Diemer T, Wagenlehner F, Weidner W
Dtsch Arztebl Int 2017 May 12;114(19):339-346. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2017.0339. PMID: 28597829Free PMC Article
Clinical manifestations of human brucellosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Dean AS, Crump L, Greter H, Hattendorf J, Schelling E, Zinsstag J
PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2012;6(12):e1929. Epub 2012 Dec 6 doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001929. PMID: 23236528Free PMC Article
Urological complications following inguinal hernioplasty.
Gulino G, Antonucci M, Palermo G, Sasso F, Tienforti D, D'Addessi A, Bassi PF
Arch Ital Urol Androl 2012 Sep;84(3):105-10. PMID: 23210400
Measles, mumps, and rubella: prevention.
Elliman D, Sengupta N, El Bashir H, Bedford H
BMJ Clin Evid 2007 Feb 1;2007 PMID: 19454052

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