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Orchitis

MedGen UID:
18191
•Concept ID:
C0029191
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: Orchitides
SNOMED CT: Inflammation of testis (274718005); Orchitis (274718005); Non-specific orchitis (274718005)
 
HPO: HP:0100796
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0006882

Definition

Testicular inflammation. [from HPO]

Conditions with this feature

Familial Mediterranean fever
MedGen UID:
45811
•Concept ID:
C0031069
•
Disease or Syndrome
Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is divided into two phenotypes: type 1 and type 2. FMF type 1 is characterized by recurrent short episodes of inflammation and serositis including fever, peritonitis, synovitis, pleuritis, and, rarely, pericarditis and meningitis. The symptoms and severity vary among affected individuals, sometimes even among members of the same family. Amyloidosis, which can lead to renal failure, is the most severe complication, if untreated. FMF type 2 is characterized by amyloidosis as the first clinical manifestation of FMF in an otherwise asymptomatic individual.
See: Condition Record
Familial Mediterranean fever

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Clinical spectrum and management options for prostatic utricle in children.
Gupta A, Khosa J, Barker A, Samnakay N
J Pediatr Surg 2022 Nov;57(11):690-695. Epub 2022 Jan 19 doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2022.01.013. PMID: 35101262
Male genital tract tuberculosis: A comprehensive review of imaging findings and differential diagnosis.
Ramachandran A, Das CJ, Razik A
Abdom Radiol (NY) 2021 Apr;46(4):1677-1686. Epub 2020 Oct 12 doi: 10.1007/s00261-020-02811-0. PMID: 33044653
Zika virus and reproduction: facts, questions and current management.
Epelboin S, Dulioust E, Epelboin L, Benachi A, Merlet F, Patrat C
Hum Reprod Update 2017 Nov 1;23(6):629-645. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmx024. PMID: 28961800

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Mumps Orchitis: Clinical Aspects and Mechanisms.
Wu H, Wang F, Tang D, Han D
Front Immunol 2021;12:582946. Epub 2021 Mar 18 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.582946. PMID: 33815357Free PMC Article
Effect of intensive lifestyle intervention on bodyweight and glycaemia in early type 2 diabetes (DIADEM-I): an open-label, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial.
Taheri S, Zaghloul H, Chagoury O, Elhadad S, Ahmed SH, El Khatib N, Amona RA, El Nahas K, Suleiman N, Alnaama A, Al-Hamaq A, Charlson M, Wells MT, Al-Abdulla S, Abou-Samra AB
Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2020 Jun;8(6):477-489. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(20)30117-0. PMID: 32445735
Candida urinary tract infections in adults.
Odabasi Z, Mert A
World J Urol 2020 Nov;38(11):2699-2707. Epub 2019 Oct 25 doi: 10.1007/s00345-019-02991-5. PMID: 31654220
Pediatric Testicular Torsion.
Bowlin PR, Gatti JM, Murphy JP
Surg Clin North Am 2017 Feb;97(1):161-172. doi: 10.1016/j.suc.2016.08.012. PMID: 27894425
Mumps orchitis.
Masarani M, Wazait H, Dinneen M
J R Soc Med 2006 Nov;99(11):573-5. doi: 10.1177/014107680609901116. PMID: 17082302Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Functional Imaging of Testicular Torsion.
Siraj QH
Semin Nucl Med 2023 Nov;53(6):797-808. Epub 2023 May 18 doi: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2023.04.005. PMID: 37210316
Atypical testicular pain.
Bedi N, Rahimi MNC, Menzies S, Kalsi J
BMJ Case Rep 2019 Feb 19;12(2) doi: 10.1136/bcr-2018-226697. PMID: 30787023Free PMC Article
Diagnosis and classification of autoimmune orchitis.
Silva CA, Cocuzza M, Carvalho JF, Bonfá E
Autoimmun Rev 2014 Apr-May;13(4-5):431-4. Epub 2014 Jan 12 doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2014.01.024. PMID: 24424181
Testicular masses.
Junnila J, Lassen P
Am Fam Physician 1998 Feb 15;57(4):685-92. PMID: 9490992
Epididymo-orchitis.
Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1981 Sep 5;283(6292):627-8. PMID: 6790105Free PMC Article

Therapy

Mumps Orchitis: Clinical Aspects and Mechanisms.
Wu H, Wang F, Tang D, Han D
Front Immunol 2021;12:582946. Epub 2021 Mar 18 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.582946. PMID: 33815357Free PMC Article
Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (IgA Vasculitis): Rapid Evidence Review.
Reamy BV, Servey JT, Williams PM
Am Fam Physician 2020 Aug 15;102(4):229-233. PMID: 32803924
Effect of intensive lifestyle intervention on bodyweight and glycaemia in early type 2 diabetes (DIADEM-I): an open-label, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial.
Taheri S, Zaghloul H, Chagoury O, Elhadad S, Ahmed SH, El Khatib N, Amona RA, El Nahas K, Suleiman N, Alnaama A, Al-Hamaq A, Charlson M, Wells MT, Al-Abdulla S, Abou-Samra AB
Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2020 Jun;8(6):477-489. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(20)30117-0. PMID: 32445735
Candida urinary tract infections in adults.
Odabasi Z, Mert A
World J Urol 2020 Nov;38(11):2699-2707. Epub 2019 Oct 25 doi: 10.1007/s00345-019-02991-5. PMID: 31654220
Molecular biology, pathogenesis and pathology of mumps virus.
Rubin S, Eckhaus M, Rennick LJ, Bamford CG, Duprex WP
J Pathol 2015 Jan;235(2):242-52. doi: 10.1002/path.4445. PMID: 25229387Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Does SARS-CoV-2 Affect Male Urogenital System?
Balawender K, Pliszka A, Krowiak A, Sito M, Grabarek BO, Boroń D
Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2022;23(15):1792-1799. doi: 10.2174/1389201023666220307102147. PMID: 35255789
Pathomechanisms of Autoimmune Based Testicular Inflammation.
Lustig L, Guazzone VA, Theas MS, Pleuger C, Jacobo P, Pérez CV, Meinhardt A, Fijak M
Front Immunol 2020;11:583135. Epub 2020 Sep 25 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.583135. PMID: 33101310Free PMC Article
Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (IgA Vasculitis): Rapid Evidence Review.
Reamy BV, Servey JT, Williams PM
Am Fam Physician 2020 Aug 15;102(4):229-233. PMID: 32803924
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Epidemiology and Clinical Manifestations of Human Brucellosis in China.
Zheng R, Xie S, Lu X, Sun L, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Wang K
Biomed Res Int 2018;2018:5712920. Epub 2018 Apr 22 doi: 10.1155/2018/5712920. PMID: 29850535Free PMC Article
Molecular biology, pathogenesis and pathology of mumps virus.
Rubin S, Eckhaus M, Rennick LJ, Bamford CG, Duprex WP
J Pathol 2015 Jan;235(2):242-52. doi: 10.1002/path.4445. PMID: 25229387Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Evidence of pyroptosis and ferroptosis extensively involved in autoimmune diseases at the single-cell transcriptome level.
Zhang D, Li Y, Du C, Sang L, Liu L, Li Y, Wang F, Fan W, Tang P, Zhang S, Chen D, Wang Y, Wang X, Xie X, Jiang Z, Song Y, Guo R
J Transl Med 2022 Aug 12;20(1):363. doi: 10.1186/s12967-022-03566-6. PMID: 35962439Free PMC Article
Ageing and inflammation in the male reproductive tract.
Frungieri MB, Calandra RS, Bartke A, Matzkin ME
Andrologia 2018 Dec;50(11):e13034. Epub 2018 May 8 doi: 10.1111/and.13034. PMID: 29740839
Molecular biology, pathogenesis and pathology of mumps virus.
Rubin S, Eckhaus M, Rennick LJ, Bamford CG, Duprex WP
J Pathol 2015 Jan;235(2):242-52. doi: 10.1002/path.4445. PMID: 25229387Free PMC Article
Cutting-edge issues in autoimmune orchitis.
Silva CA, Cocuzza M, Borba EF, Bonfá E
Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2012 Apr;42(2):256-63. doi: 10.1007/s12016-011-8281-z. PMID: 21842235
Testicular autoimmunity.
Jacobo P, Guazzone VA, Theas MS, Lustig L
Autoimmun Rev 2011 Feb;10(4):201-4. Epub 2010 Oct 14 doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2010.09.026. PMID: 20932942

Recent systematic reviews

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Epidemiology and Clinical Manifestations of Human Brucellosis in China.
Zheng R, Xie S, Lu X, Sun L, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Wang K
Biomed Res Int 2018;2018:5712920. Epub 2018 Apr 22 doi: 10.1155/2018/5712920. PMID: 29850535Free PMC Article
Urogenital Infection as a Risk Factor for Male Infertility.
Schuppe HC, Pilatz A, Hossain H, Diemer T, Wagenlehner F, Weidner W
Dtsch Arztebl Int 2017 May 12;114(19):339-346. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2017.0339. PMID: 28597829Free PMC Article
The cremasteric reflex and its muscle - a paragon of ongoing scientific discussion: A systematic review.
Schwarz GM, Hirtler L
Clin Anat 2017 May;30(4):498-507. Epub 2017 Apr 3 doi: 10.1002/ca.22875. PMID: 28295651
Clinical manifestations of human brucellosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Dean AS, Crump L, Greter H, Hattendorf J, Schelling E, Zinsstag J
PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2012;6(12):e1929. Epub 2012 Dec 6 doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001929. PMID: 23236528Free PMC Article
Safety and effectiveness of vasectomy.
Schwingl PJ, Guess HA
Fertil Steril 2000 May;73(5):923-36. doi: 10.1016/s0015-0282(00)00482-9. PMID: 10785217

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