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Paratyphoid fever

MedGen UID:
18303
•Concept ID:
C0030528
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Fever, Paratyphoid; Fevers, Paratyphoid; Paratyphoid Fever; Paratyphoid Fevers
SNOMED CT: Paratyphoid fever (85904008)
Modes of inheritance:
Not genetically inherited
MedGen UID:
988794
•Concept ID:
CN307044
•
Finding
Source: Orphanet
clinical entity without genetic inheritance.
See: This record
Not genetically inherited (Orphanet)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0018626
Orphanet: ORPHA443227

Definition

A rare form of salmonellosis caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A, B and C, characterized by typical symptoms of enteric fever including high fever, headache, abdominal pain and intestinal symptoms, dry cough, chills, and rashes, followed by a long period of recovery. The infection can be complicated by intestinal hemorrhage and perforation, as well as cardiac involvement, and may even be fatal. Transmission of the pathogen is via the fecal-oral route, with humans as the sole reservoir of infection. [from ORDO]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Treatment of enteric fever (typhoid and paratyphoid fever) with cephalosporins.
Kuehn R, Stoesser N, Eyre D, Darton TC, Basnyat B, Parry CM
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022 Nov 24;11(11):CD010452. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010452.pub2. PMID: 36420914Free PMC Article
Tracking the Emergence of Azithromycin Resistance in Multiple Genotypes of Typhoidal Salmonella.
Sajib MSI, Tanmoy AM, Hooda Y, Rahman H, Andrews JR, Garrett DO, Endtz HP, Saha SK, Saha S
mBio 2021 Feb 16;12(1) doi: 10.1128/mBio.03481-20. PMID: 33593966Free PMC Article
Treatment of Japanese patients with enteric fever using azithromycin and MIC levels for causative organisms.
Ohnishi K, Kobayashi K, Iwabuchi S, Nakamura-Uchiyama F
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2013 Jan;44(1):109-13. PMID: 23682445

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Burden of Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever in India.
John J, Bavdekar A, Rongsen-Chandola T, Dutta S, Gupta M, Kanungo S, Sinha B, Srinivasan M, Shrivastava A, Bansal A, Singh A, Koshy RM, Jinka DR, Thomas MS, Alexander AP, Thankaraj S, Ebenezer SE, Karthikeyan AS, Kumar D, Njarekkattuvalappil SK, Raju R, Sahai N, Veeraraghavan B, Murhekar MV, Mohan VR, Natarajan SK, Ramanujam K, Samuel P, Lo NC, Andrews J, Grassly NC, Kang G; NSSEFI Study Team
N Engl J Med 2023 Apr 20;388(16):1491-1500. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2209449. PMID: 37075141Free PMC Article
Treatment of enteric fever (typhoid and paratyphoid fever) with cephalosporins.
Kuehn R, Stoesser N, Eyre D, Darton TC, Basnyat B, Parry CM
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022 Nov 24;11(11):CD010452. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010452.pub2. PMID: 36420914Free PMC Article
Fever in the Returning Traveler.
Paquet D, Jung L, Trawinski H, Wendt S, Lübbert C
Dtsch Arztebl Int 2022 Jun 7;119(22):400-407. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.m2022.0182. PMID: 35469592Free PMC Article
Typhoid and paratyphoid fever: a clinical seminar.
Manesh A, Meltzer E, Jin C, Britto C, Deodhar D, Radha S, Schwartz E, Rupali P
J Travel Med 2021 Apr 14;28(3) doi: 10.1093/jtm/taab012. PMID: 33550411
The global burden of typhoid and paratyphoid fevers: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.
GBD 2017 Typhoid and Paratyphoid Collaborators
Lancet Infect Dis 2019 Apr;19(4):369-381. Epub 2019 Feb 18 doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30685-6. PMID: 30792131Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Burden of Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever in India.
John J, Bavdekar A, Rongsen-Chandola T, Dutta S, Gupta M, Kanungo S, Sinha B, Srinivasan M, Shrivastava A, Bansal A, Singh A, Koshy RM, Jinka DR, Thomas MS, Alexander AP, Thankaraj S, Ebenezer SE, Karthikeyan AS, Kumar D, Njarekkattuvalappil SK, Raju R, Sahai N, Veeraraghavan B, Murhekar MV, Mohan VR, Natarajan SK, Ramanujam K, Samuel P, Lo NC, Andrews J, Grassly NC, Kang G; NSSEFI Study Team
N Engl J Med 2023 Apr 20;388(16):1491-1500. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2209449. PMID: 37075141Free PMC Article
Treatment of enteric fever (typhoid and paratyphoid fever) with cephalosporins.
Kuehn R, Stoesser N, Eyre D, Darton TC, Basnyat B, Parry CM
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022 Nov 24;11(11):CD010452. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010452.pub2. PMID: 36420914Free PMC Article
Fever in the Returning Traveler.
Paquet D, Jung L, Trawinski H, Wendt S, Lübbert C
Dtsch Arztebl Int 2022 Jun 7;119(22):400-407. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.m2022.0182. PMID: 35469592Free PMC Article
Typhoid and paratyphoid fever: a clinical seminar.
Manesh A, Meltzer E, Jin C, Britto C, Deodhar D, Radha S, Schwartz E, Rupali P
J Travel Med 2021 Apr 14;28(3) doi: 10.1093/jtm/taab012. PMID: 33550411
Typhoid fever.
Wain J, Hendriksen RS, Mikoleit ML, Keddy KH, Ochiai RL
Lancet 2015 Mar 21;385(9973):1136-45. Epub 2014 Oct 21 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62708-7. PMID: 25458731

Therapy

Treatment of enteric fever (typhoid and paratyphoid fever) with cephalosporins.
Kuehn R, Stoesser N, Eyre D, Darton TC, Basnyat B, Parry CM
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022 Nov 24;11(11):CD010452. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010452.pub2. PMID: 36420914Free PMC Article
Enteric fever.
Basnyat B, Qamar FN, Rupali P, Ahmed T, Parry CM
BMJ 2021 Feb 26;372:n437. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n437. PMID: 33637488Free PMC Article
The global burden of typhoid and paratyphoid fevers: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.
GBD 2017 Typhoid and Paratyphoid Collaborators
Lancet Infect Dis 2019 Apr;19(4):369-381. Epub 2019 Feb 18 doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30685-6. PMID: 30792131Free PMC Article
Review of current typhoid fever vaccines, cross-protection against paratyphoid fever, and the European guidelines.
Zuckerman JN, Hatz C, Kantele A
Expert Rev Vaccines 2017 Oct;16(10):1029-1043. doi: 10.1080/14760584.2017.1374861. PMID: 28856924
Typhoid fever.
Wain J, Hendriksen RS, Mikoleit ML, Keddy KH, Ochiai RL
Lancet 2015 Mar 21;385(9973):1136-45. Epub 2014 Oct 21 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62708-7. PMID: 25458731

Prognosis

Burden of Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever in India.
John J, Bavdekar A, Rongsen-Chandola T, Dutta S, Gupta M, Kanungo S, Sinha B, Srinivasan M, Shrivastava A, Bansal A, Singh A, Koshy RM, Jinka DR, Thomas MS, Alexander AP, Thankaraj S, Ebenezer SE, Karthikeyan AS, Kumar D, Njarekkattuvalappil SK, Raju R, Sahai N, Veeraraghavan B, Murhekar MV, Mohan VR, Natarajan SK, Ramanujam K, Samuel P, Lo NC, Andrews J, Grassly NC, Kang G; NSSEFI Study Team
N Engl J Med 2023 Apr 20;388(16):1491-1500. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2209449. PMID: 37075141Free PMC Article
Fever in the Returning Traveler.
Paquet D, Jung L, Trawinski H, Wendt S, Lübbert C
Dtsch Arztebl Int 2022 Jun 7;119(22):400-407. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.m2022.0182. PMID: 35469592Free PMC Article
The global burden of typhoid and paratyphoid fevers: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.
GBD 2017 Typhoid and Paratyphoid Collaborators
Lancet Infect Dis 2019 Apr;19(4):369-381. Epub 2019 Feb 18 doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30685-6. PMID: 30792131Free PMC Article
The Burden of Typhoid and Paratyphoid in India: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
John J, Van Aart CJ, Grassly NC
PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016 Apr;10(4):e0004616. Epub 2016 Apr 15 doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004616. PMID: 27082958Free PMC Article
Fluoroquinolones for treating typhoid and paratyphoid fever (enteric fever).
Effa EE, Lassi ZS, Critchley JA, Garner P, Sinclair D, Olliaro PL, Bhutta ZA
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011 Oct 5;2011(10):CD004530. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004530.pub4. PMID: 21975746Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Burden of Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever in India.
John J, Bavdekar A, Rongsen-Chandola T, Dutta S, Gupta M, Kanungo S, Sinha B, Srinivasan M, Shrivastava A, Bansal A, Singh A, Koshy RM, Jinka DR, Thomas MS, Alexander AP, Thankaraj S, Ebenezer SE, Karthikeyan AS, Kumar D, Njarekkattuvalappil SK, Raju R, Sahai N, Veeraraghavan B, Murhekar MV, Mohan VR, Natarajan SK, Ramanujam K, Samuel P, Lo NC, Andrews J, Grassly NC, Kang G; NSSEFI Study Team
N Engl J Med 2023 Apr 20;388(16):1491-1500. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2209449. PMID: 37075141Free PMC Article
Fever in the Returning Traveler.
Paquet D, Jung L, Trawinski H, Wendt S, Lübbert C
Dtsch Arztebl Int 2022 Jun 7;119(22):400-407. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.m2022.0182. PMID: 35469592Free PMC Article
Typhoidal Salmonella: Distinctive virulence factors and pathogenesis.
Johnson R, Mylona E, Frankel G
Cell Microbiol 2018 Sep;20(9):e12939. Epub 2018 Aug 9 doi: 10.1111/cmi.12939. PMID: 30030897
Seasonal dynamics of typhoid and paratyphoid fever.
Saad NJ, Lynch VD, Antillón M, Yang C, Crump JA, Pitzer VE
Sci Rep 2018 May 2;8(1):6870. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-25234-w. PMID: 29720736Free PMC Article
The clinical and microbiological characteristics of enteric fever in Cambodia, 2008-2015.
Kuijpers LMF, Phe T, Veng CH, Lim K, Ieng S, Kham C, Fawal N, Fabre L, Le Hello S, Vlieghe E, Weill FX, Jacobs J, Peetermans WE
PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017 Sep;11(9):e0005964. Epub 2017 Sep 20 doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005964. PMID: 28931025Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Treatment of enteric fever (typhoid and paratyphoid fever) with cephalosporins.
Kuehn R, Stoesser N, Eyre D, Darton TC, Basnyat B, Parry CM
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022 Nov 24;11(11):CD010452. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010452.pub2. PMID: 36420914Free PMC Article
The global burden of typhoid and paratyphoid fevers: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.
GBD 2017 Typhoid and Paratyphoid Collaborators
Lancet Infect Dis 2019 Apr;19(4):369-381. Epub 2019 Feb 18 doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30685-6. PMID: 30792131Free PMC Article
Seasonal dynamics of typhoid and paratyphoid fever.
Saad NJ, Lynch VD, Antillón M, Yang C, Crump JA, Pitzer VE
Sci Rep 2018 May 2;8(1):6870. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-25234-w. PMID: 29720736Free PMC Article
The Burden of Typhoid and Paratyphoid in India: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
John J, Van Aart CJ, Grassly NC
PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016 Apr;10(4):e0004616. Epub 2016 Apr 15 doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004616. PMID: 27082958Free PMC Article
Fluoroquinolones for treating typhoid and paratyphoid fever (enteric fever).
Effa EE, Lassi ZS, Critchley JA, Garner P, Sinclair D, Olliaro PL, Bhutta ZA
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011 Oct 5;2011(10):CD004530. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004530.pub4. PMID: 21975746Free PMC Article

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