U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Abnormal pituitary stalk morphology

MedGen UID:
1841745
•Concept ID:
C5826808
•
Anatomical Abnormality
HPO: HP:0034977

Definition

A structural anomaly of the pituitary stalk, also known as the infundibulum or infundibular stalk, is the connection between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland. [from HPO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVAbnormal pituitary stalk morphology

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Diagnosis and management of congenital hypopituitarism in children.
Castets S, Thomas-Teinturier C, Villanueva C, Amsellem J, Barat P, Brun G, Quoc EB, Carel JC, De Filippo GP, Kipnis C, Martinerie L, Vergier J, Saveanu A, Teissier N, Coutant R, Léger J, Reynaud R
Arch Pediatr 2024 Apr;31(3):165-171. Epub 2024 Mar 27 doi: 10.1016/j.arcped.2024.01.003. PMID: 38538470
Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome: cause, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management.
Voutetakis A, Sertedaki A, Dacou-Voutetakis C
Curr Opin Pediatr 2016 Aug;28(4):545-50. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000378. PMID: 27386973
Primary amenorrhea: diagnosis and management.
Marsh CA, Grimstad FW
Obstet Gynecol Surv 2014 Oct;69(10):603-12. doi: 10.1097/OGX.0000000000000111. PMID: 25336070

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Interconnection between circadian clocks and thyroid function.
Ikegami K, Refetoff S, Van Cauter E, Yoshimura T
Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019 Oct;15(10):590-600. Epub 2019 Aug 12 doi: 10.1038/s41574-019-0237-z. PMID: 31406343Free PMC Article
Complications of acromegaly: thyroid and colon.
Tirosh A, Shimon I
Pituitary 2017 Feb;20(1):70-75. doi: 10.1007/s11102-016-0744-z. PMID: 27631334
Rathke's cleft cyst.
Larkin S, Karavitaki N, Ansorge O
Handb Clin Neurol 2014;124:255-69. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-59602-4.00017-4. PMID: 25248592
Endocrine tumors as part of inherited tumor syndromes.
Zhang Y, Nosé V
Adv Anat Pathol 2011 May;18(3):206-18. doi: 10.1097/PAP.0b013e3182169916. PMID: 21490438
Disorders of adrenal development.
Ferraz-de-Souza B, Achermann JC
Endocr Dev 2008;13:19-32. doi: 10.1159/000134753. PMID: 18493131

Diagnosis

Sellar Tumors.
Schwetye KE, Dahiya SM
Surg Pathol Clin 2020 Jun;13(2):305-329. doi: 10.1016/j.path.2020.02.006. PMID: 32389269
Septo-optic dysplasia.
Kumar V, Karunakaran A, Valakada J
Int Ophthalmol 2018 Feb;38(1):337-338. Epub 2017 Jan 3 doi: 10.1007/s10792-016-0437-7. PMID: 28050731
Primary amenorrhea: diagnosis and management.
Marsh CA, Grimstad FW
Obstet Gynecol Surv 2014 Oct;69(10):603-12. doi: 10.1097/OGX.0000000000000111. PMID: 25336070
Rathke's cleft cyst.
Larkin S, Karavitaki N, Ansorge O
Handb Clin Neurol 2014;124:255-69. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-59602-4.00017-4. PMID: 25248592
Pituitary incidentalomas.
Molitch ME
Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1997 Dec;26(4):725-40. doi: 10.1016/s0889-8529(05)70279-6. PMID: 9429857

Therapy

Multiple Endocrine Deficiencies are Common in Hypoparathyroidism-Retardation-Dysmorphism Syndrome.
David O, Barash G, Agur R, Loewenthal N, Carmon L, Shaki D, Walker D, Novoa R, Haim A, Hershkovitz E
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021 Jan 23;106(2):e907-e916. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa807. PMID: 33150438
Thyroid disorders and SARS-CoV-2 infection: From pathophysiological mechanism to patient management.
Caron P
Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 2020 Oct;81(5):507-510. Epub 2020 Sep 18 doi: 10.1016/j.ando.2020.09.001. PMID: 32950466Free PMC Article
The impact of endocrine-disrupting chemical exposure in the mammalian hypothalamic-pituitary axis.
Graceli JB, Dettogni RS, Merlo E, Niño O, da Costa CS, Zanol JF, Ríos Morris EA, Miranda-Alves L, Denicol AC
Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020 Dec 1;518:110997. Epub 2020 Aug 22 doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110997. PMID: 32841708
Testosterone replacement in men.
Beg S, Al-Khoury L, Cunningham GR
Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2008 Aug;15(4):364-70. doi: 10.1097/MED.0b013e328305081a. PMID: 18594278
Long-acting injectable contraceptives.
Vecchio TJ
Adv Steroid Biochem Pharmacol 1976;5:1-64. PMID: 779431

Prognosis

Testosterone replacement in men.
Beg S, Al-Khoury L, Cunningham GR
Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2008 Aug;15(4):364-70. doi: 10.1097/MED.0b013e328305081a. PMID: 18594278
Genetics of growth hormone deficiency.
Mullis PE
Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2007 Mar;36(1):17-36. doi: 10.1016/j.ecl.2006.11.010. PMID: 17336732
Rathke's cleft cysts.
Kanter AS, Sansur CA, Jane JAJ Jr, Laws ERJ Jr
Front Horm Res 2006;34:127-157. doi: 10.1159/000091579. PMID: 16474219
The craniopharyngioma.
Oskouian RJ, Samii A, Laws ERJ Jr
Front Horm Res 2006;34:105-126. doi: 10.1159/000091578. PMID: 16474218
Euthyroid sick syndrome: an overview.
McIver B, Gorman CA
Thyroid 1997 Feb;7(1):125-32. doi: 10.1089/thy.1997.7.125. PMID: 9086580

Clinical prediction guides

Normal neuroanatomical variants that may be misinterpreted as disease entities.
Ramji S, Touska P, Rich P, MacKinnon AD
Clin Radiol 2017 Oct;72(10):810-825. Epub 2017 Jul 23 doi: 10.1016/j.crad.2017.06.118. PMID: 28747250
Complications of acromegaly: thyroid and colon.
Tirosh A, Shimon I
Pituitary 2017 Feb;20(1):70-75. doi: 10.1007/s11102-016-0744-z. PMID: 27631334
Genetics of growth hormone deficiency.
Mullis PE
Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2007 Mar;36(1):17-36. doi: 10.1016/j.ecl.2006.11.010. PMID: 17336732
PIT1 abnormality.
Tatsumi K, Amino N
Growth Horm IGF Res 1999 Jun;9 Suppl B:18-22; discussion 23. doi: 10.1016/s1096-6374(99)80076-8. PMID: 10549301
Pituitary incidentalomas.
Molitch ME
Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1997 Dec;26(4):725-40. doi: 10.1016/s0889-8529(05)70279-6. PMID: 9429857

Recent systematic reviews

Re-analysis of gene mutations found in pituitary stalk interruption syndrome and a new hypothesis on the etiology.
Wang S, Qin Q, Jiang D, Xiao Y, Ye L, Jiang X, Guo Q
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024;15:1338781. Epub 2024 Feb 23 doi: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1338781. PMID: 38464967Free PMC Article
Addressing the post-irradiation hypothalamic-pituitary endocrine abnormalities of brain tumors in pediatric patients.
Velentza L, Tolia M, Christakou C, Nikolaou M, Zerdes I, Tsoukalas N, Hajiioannou J, Tsanadis K, Rigas G, Mitsis M, Theodorou K, Pistevou-Gombaki K, Tsekeris P, Kyrgias G
J BUON 2017 Sep-Oct;22(5):1240-1245. PMID: 29135108
Pituitary dysfunction in granulomatosis with polyangiitis.
Esposito D, Trimpou P, Giugliano D, Dehlin M, Ragnarsson O
Pituitary 2017 Oct;20(5):594-601. doi: 10.1007/s11102-017-0811-0. PMID: 28540625Free PMC Article
Case Report of a Primary Pituitary Abscess and Systematic Literature Review of Pituitary Abscess with a Focus on Patient Outcomes.
Agyei JO, Lipinski LJ, Leonardo J
World Neurosurg 2017 May;101:76-92. Epub 2017 Jan 31 doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.01.077. PMID: 28153622
A systematic review of the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in first episode psychosis.
Borges S, Gayer-Anderson C, Mondelli V
Psychoneuroendocrinology 2013 May;38(5):603-11. Epub 2013 Jan 28 doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.12.025. PMID: 23369532

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.
    • Bookshelf
      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Consumer resources

    Reviews

    Recent activity

    Clear Turn Off Turn On

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...