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Prolapse

MedGen UID:
18667
•Concept ID:
C0033377
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: Prolapses
SNOMED CT: Prolapse (29696001); Inferior displacement (29696001); Downward displacement (29696001)

Definition

A condition in which an organ or body tissue drops or bulges out of place. [from NCI]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Evaluation and Management of Pelvic Organ Prolapse.
Raju R, Linder BJ
Mayo Clin Proc 2021 Dec;96(12):3122-3129. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2021.09.005. PMID: 34863399
Urinary Incontinence in Women: Evaluation and Management.
Hu JS, Pierre EF
Am Fam Physician 2019 Sep 15;100(6):339-348. PMID: 31524367
Hemorrhoids: Diagnosis and Treatment Options.
Mott T, Latimer K, Edwards C
Am Fam Physician 2018 Feb 1;97(3):172-179. PMID: 29431977

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Risk factors for primary pelvic organ prolapse and prolapse recurrence: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.
Schulten SFM, Claas-Quax MJ, Weemhoff M, van Eijndhoven HW, van Leijsen SA, Vergeldt TF, IntHout J, Kluivers KB
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022 Aug;227(2):192-208. Epub 2022 Apr 30 doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.04.046. PMID: 35500611
Evaluation and Management of Pelvic Organ Prolapse.
Raju R, Linder BJ
Mayo Clin Proc 2021 Dec;96(12):3122-3129. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2021.09.005. PMID: 34863399
Mitral commissural prolapse.
Papadimitraki ED, Patrianakos A, Pitsis A, Marketou M, Zacharaki A, Parthenakis F
Echocardiography 2021 Apr;38(4):646-656. Epub 2021 Mar 22 doi: 10.1111/echo.14984. PMID: 33749914
Narrative review of the epidemiology, diagnosis and pathophysiology of pelvic organ prolapse.
Weintraub AY, Glinter H, Marcus-Braun N
Int Braz J Urol 2020 Jan-Feb;46(1):5-14. doi: 10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2018.0581. PMID: 31851453Free PMC Article
Rectal prolapse: an overview of clinical features, diagnosis, and patient-specific management strategies.
Bordeianou L, Hicks CW, Kaiser AM, Alavi K, Sudan R, Wise PE
J Gastrointest Surg 2014 May;18(5):1059-69. Epub 2013 Dec 19 doi: 10.1007/s11605-013-2427-7. PMID: 24352613

Diagnosis

Pelvic Organ Prolapse.
Collins S, Lewicky-Gaupp C
Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2022 Mar;51(1):177-193. Epub 2022 Jan 8 doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2021.10.011. PMID: 35135661
Evaluation and Management of Pelvic Organ Prolapse.
Raju R, Linder BJ
Mayo Clin Proc 2021 Dec;96(12):3122-3129. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2021.09.005. PMID: 34863399
Narrative review of the epidemiology, diagnosis and pathophysiology of pelvic organ prolapse.
Weintraub AY, Glinter H, Marcus-Braun N
Int Braz J Urol 2020 Jan-Feb;46(1):5-14. doi: 10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2018.0581. PMID: 31851453Free PMC Article
Pelvic Organ Prolapse.
Iglesia CB, Smithling KR
Am Fam Physician 2017 Aug 1;96(3):179-185. PMID: 28762694
Rectal prolapse: an overview of clinical features, diagnosis, and patient-specific management strategies.
Bordeianou L, Hicks CW, Kaiser AM, Alavi K, Sudan R, Wise PE
J Gastrointest Surg 2014 May;18(5):1059-69. Epub 2013 Dec 19 doi: 10.1007/s11605-013-2427-7. PMID: 24352613

Therapy

Pessaries (mechanical devices) for managing pelvic organ prolapse in women.
Bugge C, Adams EJ, Gopinath D, Stewart F, Dembinsky M, Sobiesuo P, Kearney R
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020 Nov 18;11(11):CD004010. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004010.pub4. PMID: 33207004Free PMC Article
Surgery for women with pelvic organ prolapse with or without stress urinary incontinence.
Baessler K, Christmann-Schmid C, Maher C, Haya N, Crawford TJ, Brown J
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018 Aug 19;8(8):CD013108. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013108. PMID: 30121956Free PMC Article
Effect of Uterosacral Ligament Suspension vs Sacrospinous Ligament Fixation With or Without Perioperative Behavioral Therapy for Pelvic Organ Vaginal Prolapse on Surgical Outcomes and Prolapse Symptoms at 5 Years in the OPTIMAL Randomized Clinical Trial.
Jelovsek JE, Barber MD, Brubaker L, Norton P, Gantz M, Richter HE, Weidner A, Menefee S, Schaffer J, Pugh N, Meikle S; NICHD Pelvic Floor Disorders Network
JAMA 2018 Apr 17;319(15):1554-1565. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.2827. PMID: 29677302Free PMC Article
Selective versus routine use of episiotomy for vaginal birth.
Jiang H, Qian X, Carroli G, Garner P
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017 Feb 8;2(2):CD000081. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000081.pub3. PMID: 28176333Free PMC Article
Surgical management of pelvic organ prolapse in women.
Maher C, Feiner B, Baessler K, Schmid C
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013 Apr 30;(4):CD004014. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004014.pub5. PMID: 23633316

Prognosis

Umbilical Cord Prolapse: A Review of the Literature.
Pagan M, Eads L, Sward L, Manning N, Hunzicker A, Magann EF
Obstet Gynecol Surv 2020 Aug;75(8):510-518. doi: 10.1097/OGX.0000000000000818. PMID: 32856717
Long-term cardiovascular outcome of Williams syndrome.
Cha SG, Song MK, Lee SY, Kim GB, Kwak JG, Kim WH, Bae EJ
Congenit Heart Dis 2019 Sep;14(5):684-690. Epub 2019 Jun 5 doi: 10.1111/chd.12810. PMID: 31166070
Surgical management of pelvic organ prolapse.
Maher CF, Baessler KK, Barber MD, Cheong C, Consten ECJ, Cooper KG, Deffieux X, Dietz V, Gutman RE, van Iersel JJ, Nager CW, Sung VW, de Tayrac R
Climacteric 2019 Jun;22(3):229-235. Epub 2018 Dec 21 doi: 10.1080/13697137.2018.1551348. PMID: 30572743
Reproductive morbidity.
Dasgupta S
J Indian Med Assoc 1995 Feb;93(2):55-7. PMID: 7658038
Rectal prolapse.
Failes D, Killingback M, Stuart M, De Luca C
Aust N Z J Surg 1979 Feb;49(1):72-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1445-2197.1979.tb06440.x. PMID: 288434

Clinical prediction guides

The Mitral Annular Disjunction of Mitral Valve Prolapse: Presentation and Outcome.
Essayagh B, Sabbag A, Antoine C, Benfari G, Batista R, Yang LT, Maalouf J, Thapa P, Asirvatham S, Michelena HI, Enriquez-Sarano M
JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2021 Nov;14(11):2073-2087. Epub 2021 Jun 16 doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2021.04.029. PMID: 34147457
Extracellular Volume in Primary Mitral Regurgitation.
Kitkungvan D, Yang EY, El Tallawi KC, Nagueh SF, Nabi F, Khan MA, Nguyen DT, Graviss EA, Lawrie GM, Zoghbi WA, Bonow RO, Quinones MA, Shah DJ
JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2021 Jun;14(6):1146-1160. Epub 2020 Dec 16 doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2020.10.010. PMID: 33341409
Management of obstructed defecation.
Podzemny V, Pescatori LC, Pescatori M
World J Gastroenterol 2015 Jan 28;21(4):1053-60. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i4.1053. PMID: 25632177Free PMC Article
Ultrasound imaging of the pelvic floor: where are we going?
Tubaro A, Koelbl H, Laterza R, Khullar V, de Nunzio C
Neurourol Urodyn 2011 Jun;30(5):729-34. doi: 10.1002/nau.21136. PMID: 21661021
An International Urogynecological Association (IUGA)/International Continence Society (ICS) joint report on the terminology for female pelvic floor dysfunction.
Haylen BT, de Ridder D, Freeman RM, Swift SE, Berghmans B, Lee J, Monga A, Petri E, Rizk DE, Sand PK, Schaer GN; International Urogynecological Association; International Continence Society
Neurourol Urodyn 2010;29(1):4-20. doi: 10.1002/nau.20798. PMID: 19941278

Recent systematic reviews

Clinical features and complications of Loeys-Dietz syndrome: A systematic review.
Gouda P, Kay R, Habib M, Aziz A, Aziza E, Welsh R
Int J Cardiol 2022 Sep 1;362:158-167. Epub 2022 Jun 1 doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.05.065. PMID: 35662564
Risk factors for primary pelvic organ prolapse and prolapse recurrence: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.
Schulten SFM, Claas-Quax MJ, Weemhoff M, van Eijndhoven HW, van Leijsen SA, Vergeldt TF, IntHout J, Kluivers KB
Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022 Aug;227(2):192-208. Epub 2022 Apr 30 doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.04.046. PMID: 35500611
Pregnancy- and obstetric-related risk factors for urinary incontinence, fecal incontinence, or pelvic organ prolapse later in life: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Hage-Fransen MAH, Wiezer M, Otto A, Wieffer-Platvoet MS, Slotman MH, Nijhuis-van der Sanden MWG, Pool-Goudzwaard AL
Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2021 Mar;100(3):373-382. Epub 2020 Nov 2 doi: 10.1111/aogs.14027. PMID: 33064839
Mitral annular disjunction: A systematic review of the literature.
Bennett S, Thamman R, Griffiths T, Oxley C, Khan JN, Phan T, Patwala A, Heatlie G, Kwok CS
Echocardiography 2019 Aug;36(8):1549-1558. Epub 2019 Aug 5 doi: 10.1111/echo.14437. PMID: 31385360
Risk factors for pelvic organ prolapse and its recurrence: a systematic review.
Vergeldt TF, Weemhoff M, IntHout J, Kluivers KB
Int Urogynecol J 2015 Nov;26(11):1559-73. Epub 2015 May 13 doi: 10.1007/s00192-015-2695-8. PMID: 25966804Free PMC Article

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