An increase in the level of hippuric acid in the urine.

An abnormally increased amount of phenylpyruvic acid in the urine.

The amount of gamma-glutamylphenylalanine level in the urine, when normalized for urine concentration, is above the upper limit of normal.

Behavior or an act aimed at harming a person, animal, or physical property (e.g., acts of physical violence; shouting, swearing, and using harsh language; slashing someone's tires).

Intense feelings of nervousness, tension, or panic often arise in response to interpersonal stresses. There is worry about the negative effects of past unpleasant experiences and future negative possibilities. Individuals may feel fearful, apprehensive, or threatened by uncertainty, and they may also have fears of falling apart or losing control.

Frequently experiencing feelings of being down, miserable, and/or hopeless; struggling to recover from these moods; having a pessimistic outlook on the future; feeling a pervasive sense of shame; having a low self-worth; experiencing thoughts of suicide and engaging in suicidal behavior.

A condition characterized by changes in personality and thought patterns, often accompanied by hallucinations and delusional beliefs, is known as psychosis.

A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.

Deliberate harm to one's body resulting in tissue damage, without a conscious intent to die.

Hyperreflexia is the presence of hyperactive stretch reflexes of the muscles.

Hyperactivity is a condition characterized by constant and unusually high levels of activity, even in situations where it is deemed inappropriate.

Behavior that consists of repetitive acts, characterized by the feeling that one "has to" perform them, while being aware that these acts are not in line with one's overall goal.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a behavioral disorder that typically begins in childhood and is characterized by a short attention span (inattention), an inability to be calm and stay still (hyperactivity), and poor impulse control (impulsivity). Some people with ADHD have problems with only inattention or with hyperactivity and impulsivity, but most have problems related to all three features.\n\nIn people with ADHD, the characteristic behaviors are frequent and severe enough to interfere with the activities of daily living such as school, work, and relationships with others. Because of an inability to stay focused on tasks, people with inattention may be easily distracted, forgetful, avoid tasks that require sustained attention, have difficulty organizing tasks, or frequently lose items.\n\nHyperactivity is usually shown by frequent movement. Individuals with this feature often fidget or tap their foot when seated, leave their seat when it is inappropriate to do so (such as in the classroom), or talk a lot and interrupt others.\n\nImpulsivity can result in hasty actions without thought for the consequences. Individuals with poor impulse control may have difficulty waiting for their turn, deferring to others, or considering their actions before acting.\n\nMore than two-thirds of all individuals with ADHD have additional conditions, including insomnia, mood or anxiety disorders, learning disorders, or substance use disorders. Affected individuals may also have autism spectrum disorder, which is characterized by impaired communication and social interaction, or Tourette syndrome, which is a disorder characterized by repetitive and involuntary movements or noises called tics.\n\nIn most affected individuals, ADHD continues throughout life, but in about one-third of individuals, signs and symptoms of ADHD go away by adulthood.

A proneness to anger, i.e., a tendency to become easily bothered or annoyed.

Intellectual disability, previously referred to as mental retardation, is characterized by subnormal intellectual functioning that occurs during the developmental period. It is defined by an IQ score below 70.

The presence of calcium deposition within the cerebrum.

Head circumference below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender.

Eczema is a form of dermatitis that is characterized by scaly, pruritic, erythematous lesions located on flexural surfaces.

An increased concentration of L-phenylalanine in the blood.

A medical history of exposure during the fetal period to hyperphenylalaninemia because the mother had phenylketonuria with inadequate control during pregnancy.

A reduction in phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase level.

A chronic autoimmune phenomenon characterized by fibrosis (or hardening) and vascular alterations of the skin.

Skin characterized by the lack of natural or normal moisture.

A lesser degree of hair pigmentation than would otherwise be expected.

A cataract is an opacity or clouding that develops in the crystalline lens of the eye or in its capsule.

A markedly blue coloration of the iris.