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Learning disability

MedGen UID:
199623
•Concept ID:
C0751265
•
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Synonyms: Disabilities, Learning; Disability, Learning; Learning Disabilities; Learning Disability
SNOMED CT: General learning disability (1855002); Learning disability (1855002)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0004681

Definition

A group of disorders that affect a person's ability to learn or process specific types of information which is in contrast to his/her apparent level of intellect. [from MONDO]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Treatment of pediatric extra-axial sinogenic infection: case series and literature review.
Behbahani M, Burokas L, Rosinski CL, Rosenberg DM, Chaudhry NS, Sherman JM, Nikas DC
Childs Nerv Syst 2020 Apr;36(4):755-766. Epub 2019 Nov 26 doi: 10.1007/s00381-019-04378-8. PMID: 31773238
Diagnosis and management of autism in adults.
Valkanova V, Rhodes F, Allan CL
Practitioner 2013 May;257(1761):13-6, 2-3. PMID: 23808126
Genotype/phenotype correlation in 325 individuals referred for a diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis complex in the United States.
Au KS, Williams AT, Roach ES, Batchelor L, Sparagana SP, Delgado MR, Wheless JW, Baumgartner JE, Roa BB, Wilson CM, Smith-Knuppel TK, Cheung MY, Whittemore VH, King TM, Northrup H
Genet Med 2007 Feb;9(2):88-100. doi: 10.1097/gim.0b013e31803068c7. PMID: 17304050

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Systematic Review: Nonverbal Learning Disability.
Fisher PW, Reyes-Portillo JA, Riddle MA, Litwin HD
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022 Feb;61(2):159-186. Epub 2021 Apr 20 doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2021.04.003. PMID: 33892110
Referral thresholds for an integrated learning disability eye care pathway: a consensus approach.
Pilling RF, Donaldson L, Karas M, Leitch RJ, Bunting H, Naru R, Ilett G
Eye (Lond) 2022 Apr;36(4):742-748. Epub 2021 Apr 8 doi: 10.1038/s41433-021-01516-y. PMID: 33833416Free PMC Article
Understanding intellectual disability through RASopathies.
San Martín A, Pagani MR
J Physiol Paris 2014 Sep-Dec;108(4-6):232-9. Epub 2014 May 21 doi: 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2014.05.003. PMID: 24859216Free PMC Article
Poor school performance.
Karande S, Kulkarni M
Indian J Pediatr 2005 Nov;72(11):961-7. doi: 10.1007/BF02731673. PMID: 16391452
Ageing and learning disability.
Holland AJ
Br J Psychiatry 2000 Jan;176:26-31. doi: 10.1192/bjp.176.1.26. PMID: 10789322

Diagnosis

Learning disabilities: Developmental dyscalculia.
Castaldi E, Piazza M, Iuculano T
Handb Clin Neurol 2020;174:61-75. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-64148-9.00005-3. PMID: 32977896
Specific learning disability.
McDowell M
J Paediatr Child Health 2018 Oct;54(10):1077-1083. doi: 10.1111/jpc.14168. PMID: 30294983
A clinical approach to developmental delay and intellectual disability.
Vasudevan P, Suri M
Clin Med (Lond) 2017 Dec;17(6):558-561. doi: 10.7861/clinmedicine.17-6-558. PMID: 29196358Free PMC Article
Nonverbal learning disability.
Volden J
Handb Clin Neurol 2013;111:245-9. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-52891-9.00026-9. PMID: 23622171
Learning disability.
Gillberg C, Soderstrom H
Lancet 2003 Sep 6;362(9386):811-21. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14275-4. PMID: 13678878

Therapy

Association of Antipsychotic Drug Exposure in Pregnancy With Risk of Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A National Birth Cohort Study.
Straub L, Hernández-Díaz S, Bateman BT, Wisner KL, Gray KJ, Pennell PB, Lester B, McDougle CJ, Suarez EA, Zhu Y, Zakoul H, Mogun H, Huybrechts KF
JAMA Intern Med 2022 May 1;182(5):522-533. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2022.0375. PMID: 35343998Free PMC Article
Epilepsy surgery.
Rugg-Gunn F, Miserocchi A, McEvoy A
Pract Neurol 2020 Feb;20(1):4-14. Epub 2019 Aug 16 doi: 10.1136/practneurol-2019-002192. PMID: 31420415
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Kulkarni M
Indian J Pediatr 2015 Mar;82(3):267-71. Epub 2014 Sep 4 doi: 10.1007/s12098-014-1556-7. PMID: 25186567
Pediatric sinovenous thrombosis.
Johnson MC, Parkerson N, Ward S, de Alarcon PA
J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2003 Apr;25(4):312-5. doi: 10.1097/00043426-200304000-00009. PMID: 12679646
Antipsychotic medication for those with both schizophrenia and learning disability.
Duggan L, Brylewski J
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2001;(2):CD000030. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000030. PMID: 11405947

Prognosis

Prediction of autism in infants: progress and challenges.
Dawson G, Rieder AD, Johnson MH
Lancet Neurol 2023 Mar;22(3):244-254. Epub 2022 Nov 22 doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(22)00407-0. PMID: 36427512Free PMC Article
Neurologic complications of Down syndrome: a systematic review.
Santoro JD, Pagarkar D, Chu DT, Rosso M, Paulsen KC, Levitt P, Rafii MS
J Neurol 2021 Dec;268(12):4495-4509. Epub 2020 Sep 12 doi: 10.1007/s00415-020-10179-w. PMID: 32920658
Noonan syndrome.
Turner AM
J Paediatr Child Health 2014 Oct;50(10):E14-20. Epub 2011 Jul 19 doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1754.2010.01970.x. PMID: 21771153
Developmental dyscalculia.
Shalev RS
J Child Neurol 2004 Oct;19(10):765-71. doi: 10.1177/08830738040190100601. PMID: 15559892
Developmental dyscalculia.
Shalev RS, Gross-Tsur V
Pediatr Neurol 2001 May;24(5):337-42. doi: 10.1016/s0887-8994(00)00258-7. PMID: 11516606

Clinical prediction guides

Strengths and difficulties in children with specific learning disabilities.
Ayar G, Yalçın SS, Tanıdır Artan Ö, Güneş HT, Çöp E
Child Care Health Dev 2022 Jan;48(1):55-67. Epub 2021 Aug 12 doi: 10.1111/cch.12903. PMID: 34331711
Preinjury and Postinjury Factors That Predict Sports-Related Concussion and Clinical Recovery Time.
Putukian M, Riegler K, Amalfe S, Bruce J, Echemendia R
Clin J Sport Med 2021 Jan;31(1):15-22. doi: 10.1097/JSM.0000000000000705. PMID: 30540572
Clinical developmental, neuropsychological, and social-emotional features of Turner syndrome.
Hutaff-Lee C, Bennett E, Howell S, Tartaglia N
Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet 2019 Mar;181(1):126-134. Epub 2019 Feb 14 doi: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31687. PMID: 30767374Free PMC Article
Severe Intellectual Disability: Systematic Review of the Prevalence and Nature of Presentation of Unipolar Depression.
Walton C, Kerr M
J Appl Res Intellect Disabil 2016 Sep;29(5):395-408. Epub 2015 Jun 22 doi: 10.1111/jar.12203. PMID: 26101049
Nonverbal learning disability.
Volden J
Handb Clin Neurol 2013;111:245-9. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-52891-9.00026-9. PMID: 23622171

Recent systematic reviews

Experiences of people with intellectual disability and dementia: A systematic review.
Jacobs P, Watchman K, Wilkinson H, Hoyle L, McGenily L
J Appl Res Intellect Disabil 2023 Mar;36(2):241-258. Epub 2022 Dec 23 doi: 10.1111/jar.13063. PMID: 36562340Free PMC Article
Artificial intelligence in nursing and midwifery: A systematic review.
O'Connor S, Yan Y, Thilo FJS, Felzmann H, Dowding D, Lee JJ
J Clin Nurs 2023 Jul;32(13-14):2951-2968. Epub 2022 Jul 31 doi: 10.1111/jocn.16478. PMID: 35908207
Systematic Review: Nonverbal Learning Disability.
Fisher PW, Reyes-Portillo JA, Riddle MA, Litwin HD
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022 Feb;61(2):159-186. Epub 2021 Apr 20 doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2021.04.003. PMID: 33892110
Neurologic complications of Down syndrome: a systematic review.
Santoro JD, Pagarkar D, Chu DT, Rosso M, Paulsen KC, Levitt P, Rafii MS
J Neurol 2021 Dec;268(12):4495-4509. Epub 2020 Sep 12 doi: 10.1007/s00415-020-10179-w. PMID: 32920658
Childhood disability and socio-economic circumstances in low and middle income countries: systematic review.
Simkiss DE, Blackburn CM, Mukoro FO, Read JM, Spencer NJ
BMC Pediatr 2011 Dec 21;11:119. doi: 10.1186/1471-2431-11-119. PMID: 22188700Free PMC Article

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    Related information

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