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Sickle cell trait

MedGen UID:
20750
•Concept ID:
C0037054
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Cell Trait, Sickle; Cell Traits, Sickle; Sickle Cell Trait; Sickle Cell Traits; Trait, Sickle Cell; Traits, Sickle Cell
SNOMED CT: AS - Sickle cell trait (16402000); Heterozygous for Hb S (16402000); Drepanocytosis (16402000); RBC's - sickle cells present (16402000); Sickle cells present (16402000); Sickle cell trait (16402000); Hemoglobin S-A disorder (16402000); Hemoglobin A-S genotype (16402000); Hemoglobin S trait (16402000); Heterozygous hemoglobin S (16402000)

Definition

An individual who is heterozygous for the mutation that causes sickle cell anemia. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVSickle cell trait

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Opening Pandora's box: abnormal genetic carrier screening and need for lifetime follow-up.
Strauss TS, Boniferro E, Brockhoff E, Johnson A, Schneider E, Grubman O, Cole D, Hussain F, Ashmead G, Al-Ibraheemi Z, Brustman L
Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2023 Mar;5(3):100820. Epub 2022 Nov 28 doi: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2022.100820. PMID: 36455867
National Audit of Criteria For Pre-Operative Sickle Cell Screening in Children.
Sweeney R, O'Sullivan M
Ir Med J 2022 Aug 18;115(7):631. PMID: 36300706
New developments in existing WHO entities and evolving molecular concepts: The Genitourinary Pathology Society (GUPS) update on renal neoplasia.
Trpkov K, Hes O, Williamson SR, Adeniran AJ, Agaimy A, Alaghehbandan R, Amin MB, Argani P, Chen YB, Cheng L, Epstein JI, Cheville JC, Comperat E, da Cunha IW, Gordetsky JB, Gupta S, He H, Hirsch MS, Humphrey PA, Kapur P, Kojima F, Lopez JI, Maclean F, Magi-Galluzzi C, McKenney JK, Mehra R, Menon S, Netto GJ, Przybycin CG, Rao P, Rao Q, Reuter VE, Saleeb RM, Shah RB, Smith SC, Tickoo S, Tretiakova MS, True L, Verkarre V, Wobker SE, Zhou M, Gill AJ
Mod Pathol 2021 Jul;34(7):1392-1424. Epub 2021 Mar 4 doi: 10.1038/s41379-021-00779-w. PMID: 33664427

Curated

American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Carrier Screening ACT Sheet, Sickle Cell Carrier/Trait, 2023

ACMG ACT, Hemoglobin S/Beta Plus Thalassemia , 2023

ACMG Algorithm, FSA: Hemoglobin HbS/B+ Screening Result, 2023

ACMG Algorithm, FAS: Sickle Cell Trait Screening Result, 2023

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Differences in the Circulating Proteome in Individuals with versus without Sickle Cell Trait.
Cai Y, Franceschini N, Surapaneni A, Garrett ME, Tahir UA, Hsu L, Telen MJ, Yu B, Tang H, Li Y, Liu S, Gerszten RE, Coresh J, Manson JE, Wojcik GL, Kooperberg C, Auer PL, Foster MW, Grams ME, Ashley-Koch AE, Raffield LM, Reiner AP
Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2023 Nov 1;18(11):1416-1425. Epub 2023 Aug 3 doi: 10.2215/CJN.0000000000000257. PMID: 37533140Free PMC Article
Sickle Cell Trait and Risk for Common Diseases: Evidence from the UK Biobank.
Hulsizer J, Resurreccion WK, Shi Z, Wei J, Ladson-Gary S, Zheng SL, Helfand BT, Billings L, Caplan MS, Xu J
Am J Med 2022 Aug;135(8):e279-e287. Epub 2022 Apr 22 doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2022.03.024. PMID: 35461807
Pregnancy in sickle cell trait: what we do and don't know.
Wilson S, Ellsworth P, Key NS
Br J Haematol 2020 Aug;190(3):328-335. Epub 2020 Feb 17 doi: 10.1111/bjh.16518. PMID: 32064587Free PMC Article
Sickle cell trait: what are the costs and benefits of screening?
Shephard RJ
J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2016 Dec;56(12):1562-1573. Epub 2016 Feb 3 PMID: 26842866
Sports haematology.
Shaskey DJ, Green GA
Sports Med 2000 Jan;29(1):27-38. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200029010-00003. PMID: 10688281

Diagnosis

Sickle Cell Trait and Risk for Common Diseases: Evidence from the UK Biobank.
Hulsizer J, Resurreccion WK, Shi Z, Wei J, Ladson-Gary S, Zheng SL, Helfand BT, Billings L, Caplan MS, Xu J
Am J Med 2022 Aug;135(8):e279-e287. Epub 2022 Apr 22 doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2022.03.024. PMID: 35461807
Renal Medullary Carcinoma.
Elliott A, Bruner E
Arch Pathol Lab Med 2019 Dec;143(12):1556-1561. Epub 2019 Mar 11 doi: 10.5858/arpa.2017-0492-RS. PMID: 30855171
Sickle cell trait: what are the costs and benefits of screening?
Shephard RJ
J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2016 Dec;56(12):1562-1573. Epub 2016 Feb 3 PMID: 26842866
Sickle cell trait diagnosis: clinical and social implications.
Naik RP, Haywood C Jr
Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2015;2015(1):160-7. doi: 10.1182/asheducation-2015.1.160. PMID: 26637716Free PMC Article
Sickle-cell anemia.
Kneut C
Issues Compr Pediatr Nurs 1980 Dec;4(5-6):19-27. doi: 10.3109/01460868009009786. PMID: 6909203

Therapy

COVID-19 outcomes in sickle cell disease and sickle cell trait.
Christian J, Lanzkron S, Naik RP
Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2022 Sep;35(3):101382. Epub 2022 Sep 7 doi: 10.1016/j.beha.2022.101382. PMID: 36494153Free PMC Article
Sickle cell disease and venous thromboembolism in pregnancy and the puerperium.
Noubouossie D, Key NS
Thromb Res 2015 Feb;135 Suppl 1:S46-8. Epub 2015 Feb 9 doi: 10.1016/S0049-3848(15)50442-8. PMID: 25903535
Sickle cell trait and diving: review and recommendations.
Vigilante JA, DiGeorge NW
Undersea Hyperb Med 2014 May-Jun;41(3):223-8. PMID: 24984317
Sickle cell trait and sudden death--bringing it home.
Mitchell BL
J Natl Med Assoc 2007 Mar;99(3):300-5. PMID: 17393956Free PMC Article
Sports haematology.
Shaskey DJ, Green GA
Sports Med 2000 Jan;29(1):27-38. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200029010-00003. PMID: 10688281

Prognosis

New developments in existing WHO entities and evolving molecular concepts: The Genitourinary Pathology Society (GUPS) update on renal neoplasia.
Trpkov K, Hes O, Williamson SR, Adeniran AJ, Agaimy A, Alaghehbandan R, Amin MB, Argani P, Chen YB, Cheng L, Epstein JI, Cheville JC, Comperat E, da Cunha IW, Gordetsky JB, Gupta S, He H, Hirsch MS, Humphrey PA, Kapur P, Kojima F, Lopez JI, Maclean F, Magi-Galluzzi C, McKenney JK, Mehra R, Menon S, Netto GJ, Przybycin CG, Rao P, Rao Q, Reuter VE, Saleeb RM, Shah RB, Smith SC, Tickoo S, Tretiakova MS, True L, Verkarre V, Wobker SE, Zhou M, Gill AJ
Mod Pathol 2021 Jul;34(7):1392-1424. Epub 2021 Mar 4 doi: 10.1038/s41379-021-00779-w. PMID: 33664427
Plasmodium falciparum.
Maier AG, Matuschewski K, Zhang M, Rug M
Trends Parasitol 2019 Jun;35(6):481-482. Epub 2018 Dec 27 doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2018.11.010. PMID: 30595467
Global burden of sickle cell anaemia in children under five, 2010-2050: modelling based on demographics, excess mortality, and interventions.
Piel FB, Hay SI, Gupta S, Weatherall DJ, Williams TN
PLoS Med 2013;10(7):e1001484. Epub 2013 Jul 16 doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001484. PMID: 23874164Free PMC Article
Sickle cell trait.
James CM, Jenkins GC, Stephens AD
Med Sci Law 1989 Jan;29(1):1-3. doi: 10.1177/002580248902900101. PMID: 2747458
Sickle-cell dactylitis.
Worrall VT, Butera V
J Bone Joint Surg Am 1976 Dec;58(8):1161-3. PMID: 1002763

Clinical prediction guides

Differences in the Circulating Proteome in Individuals with versus without Sickle Cell Trait.
Cai Y, Franceschini N, Surapaneni A, Garrett ME, Tahir UA, Hsu L, Telen MJ, Yu B, Tang H, Li Y, Liu S, Gerszten RE, Coresh J, Manson JE, Wojcik GL, Kooperberg C, Auer PL, Foster MW, Grams ME, Ashley-Koch AE, Raffield LM, Reiner AP
Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2023 Nov 1;18(11):1416-1425. Epub 2023 Aug 3 doi: 10.2215/CJN.0000000000000257. PMID: 37533140Free PMC Article
SMARCB1 regulates the hypoxic stress response in sickle cell trait.
Soeung M, Perelli L, Chen Z, Dondossola E, Ho IL, Carbone F, Zhang L, Khan H, Le CN, Zhu C, Peoples MD, Feng N, Jiang S, Zacharias NM, Minelli R, Shapiro DD, Deem AK, Gao S, Cheng EH, Lucchetti D, Walker CL, Carugo A, Giuliani V, Heffernan TP, Viale A, Tannir NM, Draetta GF, Msaouel P, Genovese G
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023 May 23;120(21):e2209639120. Epub 2023 May 15 doi: 10.1073/pnas.2209639120. PMID: 37186844Free PMC Article
New developments in existing WHO entities and evolving molecular concepts: The Genitourinary Pathology Society (GUPS) update on renal neoplasia.
Trpkov K, Hes O, Williamson SR, Adeniran AJ, Agaimy A, Alaghehbandan R, Amin MB, Argani P, Chen YB, Cheng L, Epstein JI, Cheville JC, Comperat E, da Cunha IW, Gordetsky JB, Gupta S, He H, Hirsch MS, Humphrey PA, Kapur P, Kojima F, Lopez JI, Maclean F, Magi-Galluzzi C, McKenney JK, Mehra R, Menon S, Netto GJ, Przybycin CG, Rao P, Rao Q, Reuter VE, Saleeb RM, Shah RB, Smith SC, Tickoo S, Tretiakova MS, True L, Verkarre V, Wobker SE, Zhou M, Gill AJ
Mod Pathol 2021 Jul;34(7):1392-1424. Epub 2021 Mar 4 doi: 10.1038/s41379-021-00779-w. PMID: 33664427
Renal Medullary Carcinoma.
Elliott A, Bruner E
Arch Pathol Lab Med 2019 Dec;143(12):1556-1561. Epub 2019 Mar 11 doi: 10.5858/arpa.2017-0492-RS. PMID: 30855171
Global burden of sickle cell anaemia in children under five, 2010-2050: modelling based on demographics, excess mortality, and interventions.
Piel FB, Hay SI, Gupta S, Weatherall DJ, Williams TN
PLoS Med 2013;10(7):e1001484. Epub 2013 Jul 16 doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001484. PMID: 23874164Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema.
Woreta FA, Lindsley KB, Gharaibeh A, Ng SM, Scherer RW, Goldberg MF
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023 Mar 13;3(3):CD005431. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005431.pub5. PMID: 36912744Free PMC Article
Sickle cell disease in gulf cooperation council countries: a systematic review.
Abu-Shaheen A, Dahan D, Henaa H, Nofal A, Abdelmoety DA, Riaz M, AlSheef M, Almatary A, AlFayyad I
Expert Rev Hematol 2022 Oct;15(10):893-909. Epub 2022 Oct 18 doi: 10.1080/17474086.2022.2132225. PMID: 36217841
Clinical Outcomes Associated With Sickle Cell Trait: A Systematic Review.
Naik RP, Smith-Whitley K, Hassell KL, Umeh NI, de Montalembert M, Sahota P, Haywood C Jr, Jenkins J, Lloyd-Puryear MA, Joiner CH, Bonham VL, Kato GJ
Ann Intern Med 2018 Nov 6;169(9):619-627. Epub 2018 Oct 30 doi: 10.7326/M18-1161. PMID: 30383109Free PMC Article
Renal medullary carcinoma and sickle cell trait: A systematic review.
Alvarez O, Rodriguez MM, Jordan L, Sarnaik S
Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015 Oct;62(10):1694-9. Epub 2015 Jun 5 doi: 10.1002/pbc.25592. PMID: 26053587
The interaction between sickle cell disease and HIV infection: a systematic review.
Owusu ED, Visser BJ, Nagel IM, Mens PF, Grobusch MP
Clin Infect Dis 2015 Feb 15;60(4):612-26. Epub 2014 Oct 23 doi: 10.1093/cid/ciu832. PMID: 25344542

Supplemental Content

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    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
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      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Curated

    • ACMG ACT, 2023
      American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Carrier Screening ACT Sheet, Sickle Cell Carrier/Trait, 2023
    • ACMG ACT, 2023
      ACMG ACT, Hemoglobin S/Beta Plus Thalassemia , 2023
    • ACMG Algorithm, 2023
      ACMG Algorithm, FSA: Hemoglobin HbS/B+ Screening Result, 2023
    • ACMG Algorithm, 2023
      ACMG Algorithm, FAS: Sickle Cell Trait Screening Result, 2023

    Consumer resources

    Reviews

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