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Smallpox

MedGen UID:
20785
•Concept ID:
C0037354
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: Variola
SNOMED CT: Smallpox (67924001); Variola (67924001); Ordinary smallpox (47452006); Classical smallpox (47452006)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0004651

Definition

A condition that is caused by infection with Variola, and that is characterized by small, raised bumps. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVSmallpox

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Myocarditis: A Review.
Ammirati E, Moslehi JJ
JAMA 2023 Apr 4;329(13):1098-1113. doi: 10.1001/jama.2023.3371. PMID: 37014337
Monkeypox: epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment and prevention.
Huang Y, Mu L, Wang W
Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022 Nov 2;7(1):373. doi: 10.1038/s41392-022-01215-4. PMID: 36319633Free PMC Article
Prevention and Treatment of Monkeypox.
Rizk JG, Lippi G, Henry BM, Forthal DN, Rizk Y
Drugs 2022 Jun;82(9):957-963. Epub 2022 Jun 28 doi: 10.1007/s40265-022-01742-y. PMID: 35763248Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Monkeypox: A Review.
Singhal T, Kabra SK, Lodha R
Indian J Pediatr 2022 Oct;89(10):955-960. Epub 2022 Aug 10 doi: 10.1007/s12098-022-04348-0. PMID: 35947269Free PMC Article
Monkeypox: A New Threat?
Kmiec D, Kirchhoff F
Int J Mol Sci 2022 Jul 17;23(14) doi: 10.3390/ijms23147866. PMID: 35887214Free PMC Article
Smallpox in the Post-Eradication Era.
Meyer H, Ehmann R, Smith GL
Viruses 2020 Jan 24;12(2) doi: 10.3390/v12020138. PMID: 31991671Free PMC Article
Vaccinating against monkeypox in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Petersen BW, Kabamba J, McCollum AM, Lushima RS, Wemakoy EO, Muyembe Tamfum JJ, Nguete B, Hughes CM, Monroe BP, Reynolds MG
Antiviral Res 2019 Feb;162:171-177. Epub 2018 Nov 14 doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.11.004. PMID: 30445121Free PMC Article
Review of poxvirus: emergence of monkeypox.
Morand A, Delaigue S, Morand JJ
Med Sante Trop 2017 Feb 1;27(1):29-39. doi: 10.1684/mst.2017.0653. PMID: 28406414

Diagnosis

Monkeypox: A Review.
Singhal T, Kabra SK, Lodha R
Indian J Pediatr 2022 Oct;89(10):955-960. Epub 2022 Aug 10 doi: 10.1007/s12098-022-04348-0. PMID: 35947269Free PMC Article
Monkeypox virus: a re-emergent threat to humans.
Gong Q, Wang C, Chuai X, Chiu S
Virol Sin 2022 Aug;37(4):477-482. Epub 2022 Jul 9 doi: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.07.006. PMID: 35820590Free PMC Article
Human Monkeypox: Epidemiologic and Clinical Characteristics, Diagnosis, and Prevention.
Petersen E, Kantele A, Koopmans M, Asogun D, Yinka-Ogunleye A, Ihekweazu C, Zumla A
Infect Dis Clin North Am 2019 Dec;33(4):1027-1043. Epub 2019 Apr 11 doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2019.03.001. PMID: 30981594Free PMC Article
Human monkeypox.
McCollum AM, Damon IK
Clin Infect Dis 2014 Jan;58(2):260-7. Epub 2013 Oct 24 doi: 10.1093/cid/cit703. PMID: 24158414
Human monkeypox: an emerging zoonosis.
Di Giulio DB, Eckburg PB
Lancet Infect Dis 2004 Jan;4(1):15-25. doi: 10.1016/s1473-3099(03)00856-9. PMID: 14720564Free PMC Article

Therapy

Comprehensive literature review of monkeypox.
Hatmal MM, Al-Hatamleh MAI, Olaimat AN, Ahmad S, Hasan H, Ahmad Suhaimi NA, Albakri KA, Abedalbaset Alzyoud A, Kadir R, Mohamud R
Emerg Microbes Infect 2022 Dec;11(1):2600-2631. doi: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2132882. PMID: 36263798Free PMC Article
Vaccinating against monkeypox in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Petersen BW, Kabamba J, McCollum AM, Lushima RS, Wemakoy EO, Muyembe Tamfum JJ, Nguete B, Hughes CM, Monroe BP, Reynolds MG
Antiviral Res 2019 Feb;162:171-177. Epub 2018 Nov 14 doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.11.004. PMID: 30445121Free PMC Article
Oral Tecovirimat for the Treatment of Smallpox.
Grosenbach DW, Honeychurch K, Rose EA, Chinsangaram J, Frimm A, Maiti B, Lovejoy C, Meara I, Long P, Hruby DE
N Engl J Med 2018 Jul 5;379(1):44-53. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1705688. PMID: 29972742Free PMC Article
Live attenuated vaccines: Historical successes and current challenges.
Minor PD
Virology 2015 May;479-480:379-92. Epub 2015 Apr 8 doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.03.032. PMID: 25864107
Smallpox.
Moore ZS, Seward JF, Lane JM
Lancet 2006 Feb 4;367(9508):425-35. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68143-9. PMID: 16458769

Prognosis

Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Myocarditis: A Review.
Ammirati E, Moslehi JJ
JAMA 2023 Apr 4;329(13):1098-1113. doi: 10.1001/jama.2023.3371. PMID: 37014337
Monkeypox in humans: a new outbreak.
Martín-Delgado MC, Martín Sánchez FJ, Martínez-Sellés M, Molero García JM, Moreno Guillén S, Rodríguez-Artalejo FJ, Ruiz-Galiana J, Cantón R, De Lucas Ramos P, García-Botella A, García-Lledó A, Hernández-Sampelayo T, Gómez-Pavón J, González Del Castillo J, Muñoz P, Valerio M, Catalán P, Burillo A, Cobo A, Alcamí A, Bouza E
Rev Esp Quimioter 2022 Dec;35(6):509-518. Epub 2022 Jul 6 doi: 10.37201/req/059.2022. PMID: 35785957Free PMC Article
Clinical features and management of human monkeypox: a retrospective observational study in the UK.
Adler H, Gould S, Hine P, Snell LB, Wong W, Houlihan CF, Osborne JC, Rampling T, Beadsworth MB, Duncan CJ, Dunning J, Fletcher TE, Hunter ER, Jacobs M, Khoo SH, Newsholme W, Porter D, Porter RJ, Ratcliffe L, Schmid ML, Semple MG, Tunbridge AJ, Wingfield T, Price NM; NHS England High Consequence Infectious Diseases (Airborne) Network
Lancet Infect Dis 2022 Aug;22(8):1153-1162. Epub 2022 May 24 doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00228-6. PMID: 35623380Free PMC Article
Cholera.
Lippi D, Gotuzzo E, Caini S
Microbiol Spectr 2016 Aug;4(4) doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.PoH-0012-2015. PMID: 27726771
Monkeypox virus and insights into its immunomodulatory proteins.
Weaver JR, Isaacs SN
Immunol Rev 2008 Oct;225:96-113. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00691.x. PMID: 18837778Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Myocarditis: A Review.
Ammirati E, Moslehi JJ
JAMA 2023 Apr 4;329(13):1098-1113. doi: 10.1001/jama.2023.3371. PMID: 37014337
History of measles.
Berche P
Presse Med 2022 Sep;51(3):104149. Epub 2022 Nov 20 doi: 10.1016/j.lpm.2022.104149. PMID: 36414136
Vaccinating against monkeypox in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Petersen BW, Kabamba J, McCollum AM, Lushima RS, Wemakoy EO, Muyembe Tamfum JJ, Nguete B, Hughes CM, Monroe BP, Reynolds MG
Antiviral Res 2019 Feb;162:171-177. Epub 2018 Nov 14 doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.11.004. PMID: 30445121Free PMC Article
Oral Tecovirimat for the Treatment of Smallpox.
Grosenbach DW, Honeychurch K, Rose EA, Chinsangaram J, Frimm A, Maiti B, Lovejoy C, Meara I, Long P, Hruby DE
N Engl J Med 2018 Jul 5;379(1):44-53. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1705688. PMID: 29972742Free PMC Article
Monkeypox virus and insights into its immunomodulatory proteins.
Weaver JR, Isaacs SN
Immunol Rev 2008 Oct;225:96-113. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00691.x. PMID: 18837778Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Therapeutics for treating mpox in humans.
Fox T, Gould S, Princy N, Rowland T, Lutje V, Kuehn R
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023 Mar 14;3(3):CD015769. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD015769. PMID: 36916727Free PMC Article
Myopericarditis following COVID-19 vaccination and non-COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Ling RR, Ramanathan K, Tan FL, Tai BC, Somani J, Fisher D, MacLaren G
Lancet Respir Med 2022 Jul;10(7):679-688. Epub 2022 Apr 11 doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(22)00059-5. PMID: 35421376Free PMC Article
The changing epidemiology of human monkeypox-A potential threat? A systematic review.
Bunge EM, Hoet B, Chen L, Lienert F, Weidenthaler H, Baer LR, Steffen R
PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022 Feb;16(2):e0010141. Epub 2022 Feb 11 doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010141. PMID: 35148313Free PMC Article
A systematic review of the epidemiology of human monkeypox outbreaks and implications for outbreak strategy.
Beer EM, Rao VB
PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019 Oct;13(10):e0007791. Epub 2019 Oct 16 doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007791. PMID: 31618206Free PMC Article
Risks Associated With Smallpox Vaccination in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Badell ML, Meaney-Delman D, Tuuli MG, Rasmussen SA, Petersen BW, Sheffield JS, Beigi RH, Damon IK, Jamieson DJ
Obstet Gynecol 2015 Jun;125(6):1439-1451. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000000857. PMID: 26000516Free PMC Article

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