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Childhood Extragonadal Malignant Germ Cell Tumor

MedGen UID:
208759
•Concept ID:
C0796665
•
Neoplastic Process

Definition

A malignant germ cell tumor in children arising from an anatomic site other than the testis or ovary. [from NCI]

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Associations between birth defects and childhood and adolescent germ cell tumors according to sex, histologic subtype, and site.
Schraw JM, Sok P, Desrosiers TA, Janitz AE, Langlois PH, Canfield MA, Frazier AL, Plon SE, Lupo PJ, Poynter JN
Cancer 2023 Oct 15;129(20):3300-3308. Epub 2023 Jun 27 doi: 10.1002/cncr.34906. PMID: 37366624Free PMC Article
Outcomes and prognostic variables of extracranial germ cell tumors in children and adolescents treated over a decade: A developing world perspective.
Ramanathan S, Prasad M, Vora T, Parambil BC, Kembhavi S, Ramadwar M, Khanna N, Laskar S, Kurkure P, Qureshi S, Banavali S, Chinnaswamy G
Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022 Jul;69(7):e29765. Epub 2022 May 13 doi: 10.1002/pbc.29765. PMID: 35561025
Primary mediastinal germ cell tumors.
Rosti G, Secondino S, Necchi A, Fornarini G, Pedrazzoli P
Semin Oncol 2019 Apr;46(2):107-111. Epub 2019 Apr 24 doi: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2019.04.001. PMID: 31076171
Germ-cell tumors in childhood and adolescence. GPOH MAKEI and the MAHO study groups.
Göbel U, Schneider DT, Calaminus G, Haas RJ, Schmidt P, Harms D
Ann Oncol 2000 Mar;11(3):263-71. doi: 10.1023/a:1008360523160. PMID: 10811491
Germ cell tumors.
Rescorla FJ
Semin Pediatr Surg 1997 Feb;6(1):29-37. PMID: 9117272

Diagnosis

Critical elements of pediatrics sacrococcygeal germ cell tumor surgery.
Rescorla F, Dicken B, Billmire D, Weil B, Stark R, Madenci A, Ramaraj A
Semin Pediatr Surg 2023 Oct;32(5):151344. Epub 2023 Nov 21 doi: 10.1016/j.sempedsurg.2023.151344. PMID: 38039830
Malignant recurrence after mature Sacrococcygeal teratoma: A meta-analysis and review of the literature.
Kops AL, Hulsker CC, Fiocco M, Zsiros J, Mavinkurve-Groothuis AMC, Looijenga LH, van der Steeg AF, Wijnen MH
Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020 Dec;156:103140. Epub 2020 Oct 23 doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103140. PMID: 33142194
Germ-cell tumors in childhood and adolescence. GPOH MAKEI and the MAHO study groups.
Göbel U, Schneider DT, Calaminus G, Haas RJ, Schmidt P, Harms D
Ann Oncol 2000 Mar;11(3):263-71. doi: 10.1023/a:1008360523160. PMID: 10811491
Teratomas in childhood.
Azizkhan RG, Caty MG
Curr Opin Pediatr 1996 Jun;8(3):287-92. doi: 10.1097/00008480-199606000-00018. PMID: 8814409
Gonadal and extragonadal germ cell neoplasia of childhood.
Dehner LP
Hum Pathol 1983 Jun;14(6):493-511. doi: 10.1016/s0046-8177(83)80004-5. PMID: 6343221

Therapy

Outcomes of relapsed/refractory extracranial germ cell tumors treated on conventional salvage chemotherapy without stem cell rescue: Experience from a tertiary cancer center.
Ramanathan S, Prasad M, Vora T, Badira CP, Kembhavi S, Ramadwar M, Khanna N, Laskar S, Muckaden MA, Qureshi S, Banavali S, Chinnaswamy G
Pediatr Blood Cancer 2023 Apr;70(4):e30179. Epub 2023 Jan 16 doi: 10.1002/pbc.30179. PMID: 36645132
Outcomes and prognostic variables of extracranial germ cell tumors in children and adolescents treated over a decade: A developing world perspective.
Ramanathan S, Prasad M, Vora T, Parambil BC, Kembhavi S, Ramadwar M, Khanna N, Laskar S, Kurkure P, Qureshi S, Banavali S, Chinnaswamy G
Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022 Jul;69(7):e29765. Epub 2022 May 13 doi: 10.1002/pbc.29765. PMID: 35561025
Malignant recurrence after mature Sacrococcygeal teratoma: A meta-analysis and review of the literature.
Kops AL, Hulsker CC, Fiocco M, Zsiros J, Mavinkurve-Groothuis AMC, Looijenga LH, van der Steeg AF, Wijnen MH
Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020 Dec;156:103140. Epub 2020 Oct 23 doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103140. PMID: 33142194
Pediatric germ cell tumors and maternal vitamin supplementation: a Children's Oncology Group study.
Johnson KJ, Poynter JN, Ross JA, Robison LL, Shu XO
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009 Oct;18(10):2661-4. Epub 2009 Sep 15 doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-09-0462. PMID: 19755653Free PMC Article
Treatment of childhood germ cell tumors. Review of the St. Jude experience from 1979 to 1988.
Marina N, Fontanesi J, Kun L, Rao B, Jenkins JJ, Thompson EI, Etcubanas E
Cancer 1992 Nov 15;70(10):2568-75. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19921115)70:10<2568::aid-cncr2820701028>3.0.co;2-1. PMID: 1384951

Prognosis

Malignant recurrence after mature Sacrococcygeal teratoma: A meta-analysis and review of the literature.
Kops AL, Hulsker CC, Fiocco M, Zsiros J, Mavinkurve-Groothuis AMC, Looijenga LH, van der Steeg AF, Wijnen MH
Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020 Dec;156:103140. Epub 2020 Oct 23 doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103140. PMID: 33142194
Primary mediastinal germ cell tumors.
Rosti G, Secondino S, Necchi A, Fornarini G, Pedrazzoli P
Semin Oncol 2019 Apr;46(2):107-111. Epub 2019 Apr 24 doi: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2019.04.001. PMID: 31076171
Germ-cell tumors in childhood and adolescence. GPOH MAKEI and the MAHO study groups.
Göbel U, Schneider DT, Calaminus G, Haas RJ, Schmidt P, Harms D
Ann Oncol 2000 Mar;11(3):263-71. doi: 10.1023/a:1008360523160. PMID: 10811491
Teratomas in childhood.
Azizkhan RG, Caty MG
Curr Opin Pediatr 1996 Jun;8(3):287-92. doi: 10.1097/00008480-199606000-00018. PMID: 8814409
Gonadal and extragonadal germ cell neoplasia of childhood.
Dehner LP
Hum Pathol 1983 Jun;14(6):493-511. doi: 10.1016/s0046-8177(83)80004-5. PMID: 6343221

Clinical prediction guides

Associations between birth defects and childhood and adolescent germ cell tumors according to sex, histologic subtype, and site.
Schraw JM, Sok P, Desrosiers TA, Janitz AE, Langlois PH, Canfield MA, Frazier AL, Plon SE, Lupo PJ, Poynter JN
Cancer 2023 Oct 15;129(20):3300-3308. Epub 2023 Jun 27 doi: 10.1002/cncr.34906. PMID: 37366624Free PMC Article
Epidemiological study of paediatric germ cell tumours revealed the incidence and distribution that was expected, but a low mortality rate.
Evers M, Rechnitzer C, Graem N, Skov Wehner P, Schroeder H, Rosthoej S, Mosbech CH, Hoei-Hansen CE, Sehested A, Treger TD, Brok J
Acta Paediatr 2017 May;106(5):779-785. Epub 2017 Feb 22 doi: 10.1111/apa.13767. PMID: 28135773
Pediatric germ cell tumors.
Rescorla FJ
Semin Surg Oncol 1999 Mar;16(2):144-58. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2388(199903)16:2<144::aid-ssu6>3.0.co;2-m. PMID: 9988869
Germ cell tumors.
Rescorla FJ
Semin Pediatr Surg 1997 Feb;6(1):29-37. PMID: 9117272
Teratomas in childhood.
Azizkhan RG, Caty MG
Curr Opin Pediatr 1996 Jun;8(3):287-92. doi: 10.1097/00008480-199606000-00018. PMID: 8814409

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