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Giant cell arteritis(GCA)

MedGen UID:
21478
•Concept ID:
C0039483
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Arteritides, Giant Cell; Arteritis, Giant Cell; Arteritis, Giant Cell, Horton; Arteritis, Giant Cell, Horton's; Giant Cell Arteritides; Giant Cell Arteritis; Giant Cell Arteritis, Horton; Horton Disease; Horton Giant Cell Arteritis; Horton's Disease; Horton's Giant Cell Arteritis; Hortons Disease
SNOMED CT: Horton's disease (400130008); Giant cell arteritis (400130008)
 
OMIM®: 187360

Definition

A systemic autoimmune disorder that typically affects medium and large ARTERIES, usually leading to occlusive granulomatous vasculitis with transmural infiltrate containing multinucleated GIANT CELLS. The TEMPORAL ARTERY is commonly involved. This disorder appears primarily in people over the age of 50. Symptoms include FEVER; FATIGUE; HEADACHE; visual impairment; pain in the jaw and tongue; and aggravation of pain by cold temperatures. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed) [from MeSH]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Treatment Guidelines in Vasculitis.
Kermani TA, Warrington KJ, Dua AB
Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2022 Aug;48(3):705-724. Epub 2022 Jul 5 doi: 10.1016/j.rdc.2022.03.006. PMID: 35953232
Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Management of Polymyalgia Rheumatica.
Camellino D, Giusti A, Girasole G, Bianchi G, Dejaco C
Drugs Aging 2019 Nov;36(11):1015-1026. doi: 10.1007/s40266-019-00705-5. PMID: 31493201
Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA): Pathogenesis, Clinical Aspects and Treatment Approaches.
Ciofalo A, Gulotta G, Iannella G, Pasquariello B, Manno A, Angeletti D, Pace A, Greco A, Altissimi G, de Vincentiis M, Magliulo G
Curr Rheumatol Rev 2019;15(4):259-268. doi: 10.2174/1573397115666190227194014. PMID: 30827250

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Treatment Guidelines in Vasculitis.
Kermani TA, Warrington KJ, Dua AB
Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2022 Aug;48(3):705-724. Epub 2022 Jul 5 doi: 10.1016/j.rdc.2022.03.006. PMID: 35953232
Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Management of Polymyalgia Rheumatica.
Camellino D, Giusti A, Girasole G, Bianchi G, Dejaco C
Drugs Aging 2019 Nov;36(11):1015-1026. doi: 10.1007/s40266-019-00705-5. PMID: 31493201
Giant cell arteritis.
Cho HJ, Bloomberg J, Nichols J
Dis Mon 2017 Mar;63(3):88-91. Epub 2016 Dec 29 doi: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2016.10.006. PMID: 28041616
Giant Cell Arteritis.
Hoffman GS
Ann Intern Med 2016 Nov 1;165(9):ITC65-ITC80. doi: 10.7326/AITC201611010. PMID: 27802475
Ischemic optic neuropathy.
Hayreh SS
Prog Retin Eye Res 2009 Jan;28(1):34-62. Epub 2008 Nov 27 doi: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2008.11.002. PMID: 19063989

Diagnosis

Giant-Cell Arteritis.
Rebello A, Joshi P
N Engl J Med 2022 Oct 13;387(15):e36. Epub 2022 Oct 8 doi: 10.1056/NEJMicm2202567. PMID: 36214594
Neurologic manifestations of giant cell arteritis.
Soulages A, Sibon I, Vallat JM, Ellie E, Bourdain F, Duval F, Carla L, Martin-Négrier ML, Solé G, Laurent C, Monnier A, Le Masson G, Mathis S
J Neurol 2022 Jul;269(7):3430-3442. Epub 2022 Feb 6 doi: 10.1007/s00415-022-10991-6. PMID: 35124749
A new era for giant cell arteritis.
Lyons HS, Quick V, Sinclair AJ, Nagaraju S, Mollan SP
Eye (Lond) 2020 Jun;34(6):1013-1026. Epub 2019 Oct 3 doi: 10.1038/s41433-019-0608-7. PMID: 31582795Free PMC Article
Giant Cell Arteritis.
Younger DS
Neurol Clin 2019 May;37(2):335-344. Epub 2019 Mar 16 doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2019.01.008. PMID: 30952412
Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA): Pathogenesis, Clinical Aspects and Treatment Approaches.
Ciofalo A, Gulotta G, Iannella G, Pasquariello B, Manno A, Angeletti D, Pace A, Greco A, Altissimi G, de Vincentiis M, Magliulo G
Curr Rheumatol Rev 2019;15(4):259-268. doi: 10.2174/1573397115666190227194014. PMID: 30827250

Therapy

Management of Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.
Mac Grory B, Schrag M, Biousse V, Furie KL, Gerhard-Herman M, Lavin PJ, Sobrin L, Tjoumakaris SI, Weyand CM, Yaghi S; American Heart Association Stroke Council; Council on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology; Council on Hypertension; and Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease
Stroke 2021 Jun;52(6):e282-e294. Epub 2021 Mar 8 doi: 10.1161/STR.0000000000000366. PMID: 33677974
A new era for giant cell arteritis.
Lyons HS, Quick V, Sinclair AJ, Nagaraju S, Mollan SP
Eye (Lond) 2020 Jun;34(6):1013-1026. Epub 2019 Oct 3 doi: 10.1038/s41433-019-0608-7. PMID: 31582795Free PMC Article
Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA): Pathogenesis, Clinical Aspects and Treatment Approaches.
Ciofalo A, Gulotta G, Iannella G, Pasquariello B, Manno A, Angeletti D, Pace A, Greco A, Altissimi G, de Vincentiis M, Magliulo G
Curr Rheumatol Rev 2019;15(4):259-268. doi: 10.2174/1573397115666190227194014. PMID: 30827250
Trial of Tocilizumab in Giant-Cell Arteritis.
Stone JH, Tuckwell K, Dimonaco S, Klearman M, Aringer M, Blockmans D, Brouwer E, Cid MC, Dasgupta B, Rech J, Salvarani C, Schett G, Schulze-Koops H, Spiera R, Unizony SH, Collinson N
N Engl J Med 2017 Jul 27;377(4):317-328. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1613849. PMID: 28745999
Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell Arteritis: A Systematic Review.
Buttgereit F, Dejaco C, Matteson EL, Dasgupta B
JAMA 2016 Jun 14;315(22):2442-58. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.5444. PMID: 27299619

Prognosis

Concurrent baseline diagnosis of giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica - A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Nielsen AW, Frølund LL, Våben C, Bonde AR, Gormsen LC, de Thurah AL, Hauge EM, Keller KK
Semin Arthritis Rheum 2022 Oct;56:152069. Epub 2022 Jul 13 doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2022.152069. PMID: 35858507
Polymyalgia Rheumatica.
Colombo MG, Wetzel AJ, Haumann H, Dally S, Kirtschig G, Joos S
Dtsch Arztebl Int 2022 Jun 17;119(24):411-417. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.m2022.0218. PMID: 35635433Free PMC Article
Polymyalgia rheumatica.
Rosenberg H, Halman S, Yadav K
CMAJ 2021 Nov 22;193(46):E1770. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.210541. PMID: 34810164Free PMC Article
Aortitis: an update.
Erdogan M
Curr Opin Rheumatol 2021 Jan;33(1):34-40. doi: 10.1097/BOR.0000000000000762. PMID: 33186247
Epidemiological studies in incidence, prevalence, mortality, and comorbidity of the rheumatic diseases.
Gabriel SE, Michaud K
Arthritis Res Ther 2009;11(3):229. Epub 2009 May 19 doi: 10.1186/ar2669. PMID: 19519924Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

2022 American College of Rheumatology/EULAR classification criteria for giant cell arteritis.
Ponte C, Grayson PC, Robson JC, Suppiah R, Gribbons KB, Judge A, Craven A, Khalid S, Hutchings A, Watts RA, Merkel PA, Luqmani RA; DCVAS Study Group
Ann Rheum Dis 2022 Dec;81(12):1647-1653. Epub 2022 Nov 9 doi: 10.1136/ard-2022-223480. PMID: 36351706
An update on polymyalgia rheumatica.
Lundberg IE, Sharma A, Turesson C, Mohammad AJ
J Intern Med 2022 Nov;292(5):717-732. Epub 2022 Jun 11 doi: 10.1111/joim.13525. PMID: 35612524Free PMC Article
Aortitis: an update.
Erdogan M
Curr Opin Rheumatol 2021 Jan;33(1):34-40. doi: 10.1097/BOR.0000000000000762. PMID: 33186247
Giant Cell Arteritis.
Younger DS
Neurol Clin 2019 May;37(2):335-344. Epub 2019 Mar 16 doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2019.01.008. PMID: 30952412
The Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as an Inflammatory Marker in Rheumatic Diseases.
Gasparyan AY, Ayvazyan L, Mukanova U, Yessirkepov M, Kitas GD
Ann Lab Med 2019 Jul;39(4):345-357. doi: 10.3343/alm.2019.39.4.345. PMID: 30809980Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Tocilizumab for giant cell arteritis.
Antonio AA, Santos RN, Abariga SA
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022 May 13;5(5):CD013484. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013484.pub3. PMID: 35560150Free PMC Article
2021 American College of Rheumatology/Vasculitis Foundation Guideline for the Management of Giant Cell Arteritis and Takayasu Arteritis.
Maz M, Chung SA, Abril A, Langford CA, Gorelik M, Guyatt G, Archer AM, Conn DL, Full KA, Grayson PC, Ibarra MF, Imundo LF, Kim S, Merkel PA, Rhee RL, Seo P, Stone JH, Sule S, Sundel RP, Vitobaldi OI, Warner A, Byram K, Dua AB, Husainat N, James KE, Kalot MA, Lin YC, Springer JM, Turgunbaev M, Villa-Forte A, Turner AS, Mustafa RA
Arthritis Rheumatol 2021 Aug;73(8):1349-1365. Epub 2021 Jul 8 doi: 10.1002/art.41774. PMID: 34235884
Vasculitis therapy refines vasculitis mechanistic classification.
Torp CK, Brüner M, Keller KK, Brouwer E, Hauge EM, McGonagle D, Kragstrup TW
Autoimmun Rev 2021 Jun;20(6):102829. Epub 2021 Apr 16 doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102829. PMID: 33872767
EULAR recommendations for the use of imaging in large vessel vasculitis in clinical practice.
Dejaco C, Ramiro S, Duftner C, Besson FL, Bley TA, Blockmans D, Brouwer E, Cimmino MA, Clark E, Dasgupta B, Diamantopoulos AP, Direskeneli H, Iagnocco A, Klink T, Neill L, Ponte C, Salvarani C, Slart RHJA, Whitlock M, Schmidt WA
Ann Rheum Dis 2018 May;77(5):636-643. Epub 2018 Jan 22 doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-212649. PMID: 29358285
Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell Arteritis: A Systematic Review.
Buttgereit F, Dejaco C, Matteson EL, Dasgupta B
JAMA 2016 Jun 14;315(22):2442-58. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.5444. PMID: 27299619

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