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White Spot Lesion

MedGen UID:
215308
•Concept ID:
C0949177
•
Disease or Syndrome

Definition

A chalky white area that appears on a tooth surface indicating the presence of decalcified enamel and the potential to advance to cavitation. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVWhite Spot Lesion

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Changes in the Color and Brightness of White Spots Associated with Orthodontic Treatment 6 Months after the Application of Infiltrative Resins: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Baptista-Sánchez H, Antonio-Zancajo L, Albaladejo-Martínez A, Colino Gallardo P, Garcovich D, Alvarado-Lorenzo M, Alvarado-Lorenzo A
Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022 Jul 29;19(15) doi: 10.3390/ijerph19159277. PMID: 35954634Free PMC Article
Is resin infiltration an effective esthetic treatment for enamel development defects and white spot lesions? A systematic review.
Borges AB, Caneppele TM, Masterson D, Maia LC
J Dent 2017 Jan;56:11-18. Epub 2016 Oct 25 doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2016.10.010. PMID: 27793705
Prevention and treatment of demineralisation during fixed appliance therapy: a review of current methods and future applications.
Chambers C, Stewart S, Su B, Sandy J, Ireland A
Br Dent J 2013 Nov;215(10):505-11. doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2013.1094. PMID: 24264666

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Pathophysiology of Demineralization, Part II: Enamel White Spots, Cavitated Caries, and Bone Infection.
Roberts WE, Mangum JE, Schneider PM
Curr Osteoporos Rep 2022 Feb;20(1):106-119. Epub 2022 Feb 14 doi: 10.1007/s11914-022-00723-0. PMID: 35156182Free PMC Article
Sealants and White Spot Lesions in Orthodontics: A Review.
Linjawi AI
J Contemp Dent Pract 2020 Jul 1;21(7):808-814. PMID: 33020368
Investigation of the esthetic outcomes of white spot lesion treatments.
Lee J, Okoye LO, Lima PP, Gakunga PT, Amaechi BT
Niger J Clin Pract 2020 Sep;23(9):1312-1317. doi: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_119_20. PMID: 32913173
Resin infiltration of enamel white spot lesions: An ultramorphological analysis.
Perdigão J
J Esthet Restor Dent 2020 Apr;32(3):317-324. Epub 2019 Nov 19 doi: 10.1111/jerd.12550. PMID: 31742888
Is resin infiltration an effective esthetic treatment for enamel development defects and white spot lesions? A systematic review.
Borges AB, Caneppele TM, Masterson D, Maia LC
J Dent 2017 Jan;56:11-18. Epub 2016 Oct 25 doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2016.10.010. PMID: 27793705

Diagnosis

Prevalence of White Spot Caries Lesions in Primary Teeth in Preschool Children: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Campos PH, Gimenez T, Rocha RS, Caneppele TMF, Guaré RO, Lussi A, Bresciani E, Diniz MB
Curr Pediatr Rev 2022;18(1):33-46. doi: 10.2174/1573396317666211202090657. PMID: 34856910
Role of taste perception in white spot lesion formation during orthodontic treatment.
Alanzi A, Velissariou M, Al-Melh MA, Ferguson D, Kavvadia K
Angle Orthod 2019 Jul;89(4):624-629. Epub 2019 Mar 6 doi: 10.2319/091918-680.1. PMID: 30840498Free PMC Article
White spot lesions: Does etching really matter?
Abufarwa M, Voorhees RD, Varanasi VG, Campbell PM, Buschang PH
J Investig Clin Dent 2018 Feb;9(1) Epub 2017 Aug 1 doi: 10.1111/jicd.12285. PMID: 28762669
Reliability and validity of FluoreCam for white-spot lesion detection: An in vitro study.
Abufarwa M, Noureldin A, Campbell PM, Buschang PH
J Investig Clin Dent 2018 Feb;9(1) Epub 2017 Jun 20 doi: 10.1111/jicd.12277. PMID: 28631885
White spot lesion formation after treatment with full-coverage rapid maxillary expanders.
Yagci A, Korkmaz YN, Buyuk SK, Yagci F, Atilla AO
Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2016 Mar;149(3):331-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2015.08.015. PMID: 26926020

Therapy

Sealants and White Spot Lesions in Orthodontics: A Review.
Linjawi AI
J Contemp Dent Pract 2020 Jul 1;21(7):808-814. PMID: 33020368
Investigation of the esthetic outcomes of white spot lesion treatments.
Lee J, Okoye LO, Lima PP, Gakunga PT, Amaechi BT
Niger J Clin Pract 2020 Sep;23(9):1312-1317. doi: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_119_20. PMID: 32913173
Remineralizing potential of CPP-ACP in white spot lesions - A systematic review.
Indrapriyadharshini K, Madan Kumar PD, Sharma K, Iyer K
Indian J Dent Res 2018 Jul-Aug;29(4):487-496. doi: 10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_364_17. PMID: 30127201
Reliability and validity of FluoreCam for white-spot lesion detection: An in vitro study.
Abufarwa M, Noureldin A, Campbell PM, Buschang PH
J Investig Clin Dent 2018 Feb;9(1) Epub 2017 Jun 20 doi: 10.1111/jicd.12277. PMID: 28631885
Is resin infiltration an effective esthetic treatment for enamel development defects and white spot lesions? A systematic review.
Borges AB, Caneppele TM, Masterson D, Maia LC
J Dent 2017 Jan;56:11-18. Epub 2016 Oct 25 doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2016.10.010. PMID: 27793705

Prognosis

Correlation between salivary cytokine profiles and white spot lesions in adolescent patients receiving clear aligner orthodontic treatment.
Liu Q, Guo T, Dang W, Song Z, Wen Y, Luo H, Wang A
BMC Oral Health 2023 Nov 13;23(1):857. doi: 10.1186/s12903-023-03561-3. PMID: 37957648Free PMC Article
Fluoride varnish for white spot lesion prevention during orthodontic treatment: results of a randomized controlled trial 1 year after debonding.
Sonesson M, Brechter A, Lindman R, Abdulraheem S, Twetman S
Eur J Orthod 2021 Aug 3;43(4):473-477. doi: 10.1093/ejo/cjaa055. PMID: 33009565
Color masking prediction of posterior white spot lesions by resin infiltration in vitro.
de Oliveira Correia AM, Bühler Borges A, Torres CRG
J Dent 2020 Apr;95:103308. Epub 2020 Feb 26 doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103308. PMID: 32112912
White spot lesion remineralization by sugar-free chewing gum containing bio-available calcium and fluoride: A double-blind randomized controlled trial.
Sugiura M, Kitasako Y, Sadr A, Shimada Y, Sumi Y, Tagami J
J Dent 2016 Nov;54:86-91. Epub 2016 Sep 14 doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2016.09.003. PMID: 27639827
A comparison of white spot lesion formation between a self-ligating bracket and a conventional preadjusted straight wire bracket.
Polat Ö, Gökçelik A, Arman A, Arhun N
World J Orthod 2008 Summer;9(2):e46-50. PMID: 19641768

Clinical prediction guides

Color masking prediction of posterior white spot lesions by resin infiltration in vitro.
de Oliveira Correia AM, Bühler Borges A, Torres CRG
J Dent 2020 Apr;95:103308. Epub 2020 Feb 26 doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103308. PMID: 32112912
Resin infiltration of enamel white spot lesions: An ultramorphological analysis.
Perdigão J
J Esthet Restor Dent 2020 Apr;32(3):317-324. Epub 2019 Nov 19 doi: 10.1111/jerd.12550. PMID: 31742888
Role of taste perception in white spot lesion formation during orthodontic treatment.
Alanzi A, Velissariou M, Al-Melh MA, Ferguson D, Kavvadia K
Angle Orthod 2019 Jul;89(4):624-629. Epub 2019 Mar 6 doi: 10.2319/091918-680.1. PMID: 30840498Free PMC Article
Remineralization capacity of carious and non-carious white spot lesions: clinical evaluation using ICDAS and SS-OCT.
Kitasako Y, Sadr A, Shimada Y, Ikeda M, Sumi Y, Tagami J
Clin Oral Investig 2019 Feb;23(2):863-872. Epub 2018 Jun 8 doi: 10.1007/s00784-018-2503-1. PMID: 29948272
Review of the effects of infiltrants and sealers on non-cavitated enamel lesions.
Kantovitz KR, Pascon FM, Nobre-dos-Santos M, Puppin-Rontani RM
Oral Health Prev Dent 2010;8(3):295-305. PMID: 20848008

Recent systematic reviews

Changes in the Color and Brightness of White Spots Associated with Orthodontic Treatment 6 Months after the Application of Infiltrative Resins: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Baptista-Sánchez H, Antonio-Zancajo L, Albaladejo-Martínez A, Colino Gallardo P, Garcovich D, Alvarado-Lorenzo M, Alvarado-Lorenzo A
Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022 Jul 29;19(15) doi: 10.3390/ijerph19159277. PMID: 35954634Free PMC Article
White Spot Lesion Remineralisation Agents in Primary Teeth: A Systematic Review.
Ancira-González L, Esparza-Villalpando V, Garrocho-Rangel A, Pozos-Guillén A
Oral Health Prev Dent 2018;16(5):391-400. doi: 10.3290/j.ohpd.a41404. PMID: 30460352
Remineralizing potential of CPP-ACP in white spot lesions - A systematic review.
Indrapriyadharshini K, Madan Kumar PD, Sharma K, Iyer K
Indian J Dent Res 2018 Jul-Aug;29(4):487-496. doi: 10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_364_17. PMID: 30127201
Is resin infiltration an effective esthetic treatment for enamel development defects and white spot lesions? A systematic review.
Borges AB, Caneppele TM, Masterson D, Maia LC
J Dent 2017 Jan;56:11-18. Epub 2016 Oct 25 doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2016.10.010. PMID: 27793705
Fluoride-Releasing Materials to Prevent White Spot Lesions around Orthodontic Brackets: A Systematic Review.
Nascimento PL, Fernandes MT, Figueiredo FE, Faria-E-Silva AL
Braz Dent J 2016 Jan-Feb;27(1):101-7. doi: 10.1590/0103-6440201600482. PMID: 27007355

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