U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

MedGen UID:
226949
•Concept ID:
C1292769
•
Neoplastic Process
Synonyms: B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia; B Cell Precursor Type Acute Leukemia; B lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma; B-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia; B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia; B-Cell ALL; B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia; B-Cell Precursor Type Acute Leukemia; B-Cell Type Acute Leukemia; c-ALL; Common ALL; Common precursor B ALL; Mature B-cell leukemia Burkitt type; Pre-B ALL; Pre-pre-B ALL; precursor B lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma; precursor B lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia; Precursor B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia; Precursor B-Lymphoblastic Leukemia; precursor B-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia; Pro-B ALL
SNOMED CT: c-ALL (128823009); Pro-B ALL (128823009); Pre-pre-B ALL (128823009); Pre-B ALL (128823009); Common precursor B ALL (128823009); Common ALL (128823009); Precursor B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia (128823009); Mature B-cell leukemia Burkitt type (277571004); B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (277571004)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0004947

Definition

The most frequent type of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Approximately 75% of cases occur in children under six years of age. This is a good prognosis leukemia. In the pediatric age group the complete remission rate is approximately 95% and the disease free survival rate is 70%. Approximately 80% of children appear to be cured. In the adult age group the complete remission rate is 60-85%. (WHO, 2001) [from NCI]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Leukapheresis guidance and best practices for optimal chimeric antigen receptor T-cell manufacturing.
Qayed M, McGuirk JP, Myers GD, Parameswaran V, Waller EK, Holman P, Rodrigues M, Clough LF, Willert J
Cytotherapy 2022 Sep;24(9):869-878. Epub 2022 Jun 17 doi: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2022.05.003. PMID: 35718701
Management of adults and children receiving CAR T-cell therapy: 2021 best practice recommendations of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) and the Joint Accreditation Committee of ISCT and EBMT (JACIE) and the European Haematology Association (EHA).
Hayden PJ, Roddie C, Bader P, Basak GW, Bonig H, Bonini C, Chabannon C, Ciceri F, Corbacioglu S, Ellard R, Sanchez-Guijo F, Jäger U, Hildebrandt M, Hudecek M, Kersten MJ, Köhl U, Kuball J, Mielke S, Mohty M, Murray J, Nagler A, Rees J, Rioufol C, Saccardi R, Snowden JA, Styczynski J, Subklewe M, Thieblemont C, Topp M, Ispizua ÁU, Chen D, Vrhovac R, Gribben JG, Kröger N, Einsele H, Yakoub-Agha I
Ann Oncol 2022 Mar;33(3):259-275. Epub 2021 Dec 16 doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.12.003. PMID: 34923107
Clinical diagnostics and treatment strategies for Philadelphia chromosome-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Harvey RC, Tasian SK
Blood Adv 2020 Jan 14;4(1):218-228. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000163. PMID: 31935290Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Phase 1 clinical trial of CRISPR-engineered CAR19 universal T cells for treatment of children with refractory B cell leukemia.
Ottaviano G, Georgiadis C, Gkazi SA, Syed F, Zhan H, Etuk A, Preece R, Chu J, Kubat A, Adams S, Veys P, Vora A, Rao K, Qasim W; TT52 CRISPR-CAR group
Sci Transl Med 2022 Oct 26;14(668):eabq3010. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abq3010. PMID: 36288281
Effect of Blinatumomab vs Chemotherapy on Event-Free Survival Among Children With High-risk First-Relapse B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Locatelli F, Zugmaier G, Rizzari C, Morris JD, Gruhn B, Klingebiel T, Parasole R, Linderkamp C, Flotho C, Petit A, Micalizzi C, Mergen N, Mohammad A, Kormany WN, Eckert C, Möricke A, Sartor M, Hrusak O, Peters C, Saha V, Vinti L, von Stackelberg A
JAMA 2021 Mar 2;325(9):843-854. doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.0987. PMID: 33651091Free PMC Article
Effect of Postreinduction Therapy Consolidation With Blinatumomab vs Chemotherapy on Disease-Free Survival in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults With First Relapse of B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Brown PA, Ji L, Xu X, Devidas M, Hogan LE, Borowitz MJ, Raetz EA, Zugmaier G, Sharon E, Bernhardt MB, Terezakis SA, Gore L, Whitlock JA, Pulsipher MA, Hunger SP, Loh ML
JAMA 2021 Mar 2;325(9):833-842. doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.0669. PMID: 33651090Free PMC Article
Extensive Remodeling of the Immune Microenvironment in B Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.
Witkowski MT, Dolgalev I, Evensen NA, Ma C, Chambers T, Roberts KG, Sreeram S, Dai Y, Tikhonova AN, Lasry A, Qu C, Pei D, Cheng C, Robbins GA, Pierro J, Selvaraj S, Mezzano V, Daves M, Lupo PJ, Scheurer ME, Loomis CA, Mullighan CG, Chen W, Rabin KR, Tsirigos A, Carroll WL, Aifantis I
Cancer Cell 2020 Jun 8;37(6):867-882.e12. Epub 2020 May 28 doi: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.04.015. PMID: 32470390Free PMC Article
ASTCT Consensus Grading for Cytokine Release Syndrome and Neurologic Toxicity Associated with Immune Effector Cells.
Lee DW, Santomasso BD, Locke FL, Ghobadi A, Turtle CJ, Brudno JN, Maus MV, Park JH, Mead E, Pavletic S, Go WY, Eldjerou L, Gardner RA, Frey N, Curran KJ, Peggs K, Pasquini M, DiPersio JF, van den Brink MRM, Komanduri KV, Grupp SA, Neelapu SS
Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2019 Apr;25(4):625-638. Epub 2018 Dec 25 doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.12.758. PMID: 30592986

Diagnosis

CRISPR/Cas9-Engineered Universal CD19/CD22 Dual-Targeted CAR-T Cell Therapy for Relapsed/Refractory B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.
Hu Y, Zhou Y, Zhang M, Ge W, Li Y, Yang L, Wei G, Han L, Wang H, Yu S, Chen Y, Wang Y, He X, Zhang X, Gao M, Yang J, Li X, Ren J, Huang H
Clin Cancer Res 2021 May 15;27(10):2764-2772. Epub 2021 Feb 24 doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-20-3863. PMID: 33627493
Extensive Remodeling of the Immune Microenvironment in B Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.
Witkowski MT, Dolgalev I, Evensen NA, Ma C, Chambers T, Roberts KG, Sreeram S, Dai Y, Tikhonova AN, Lasry A, Qu C, Pei D, Cheng C, Robbins GA, Pierro J, Selvaraj S, Mezzano V, Daves M, Lupo PJ, Scheurer ME, Loomis CA, Mullighan CG, Chen W, Rabin KR, Tsirigos A, Carroll WL, Aifantis I
Cancer Cell 2020 Jun 8;37(6):867-882.e12. Epub 2020 May 28 doi: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.04.015. PMID: 32470390Free PMC Article
Minimal Residual Disease Detection in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.
Kruse A, Abdel-Azim N, Kim HN, Ruan Y, Phan V, Ogana H, Wang W, Lee R, Gang EJ, Khazal S, Kim YM
Int J Mol Sci 2020 Feb 5;21(3) doi: 10.3390/ijms21031054. PMID: 32033444Free PMC Article
Clinical diagnostics and treatment strategies for Philadelphia chromosome-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Harvey RC, Tasian SK
Blood Adv 2020 Jan 14;4(1):218-228. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000163. PMID: 31935290Free PMC Article
Genomic Profiling of Adult and Pediatric B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.
Liu YF, Wang BY, Zhang WN, Huang JY, Li BS, Zhang M, Jiang L, Li JF, Wang MJ, Dai YJ, Zhang ZG, Wang Q, Kong J, Chen B, Zhu YM, Weng XQ, Shen ZX, Li JM, Wang J, Yan XJ, Li Y, Liang YM, Liu L, Chen XQ, Zhang WG, Yan JS, Hu JD, Shen SH, Chen J, Gu LJ, Pei D, Li Y, Wu G, Zhou X, Ren RB, Cheng C, Yang JJ, Wang KK, Wang SY, Zhang J, Mi JQ, Pui CH, Tang JY, Chen Z, Chen SJ
EBioMedicine 2016 Jun;8:173-183. Epub 2016 May 13 doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.04.038. PMID: 27428428Free PMC Article

Therapy

Efficacy and safety of CD19-specific CAR T cell-based therapy in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients with CNSL.
Qi Y, Zhao M, Hu Y, Wang Y, Li P, Cao J, Shi M, Tan J, Zhang M, Xiao X, Xia J, Ma S, Qiao J, Yan Z, Li H, Pan B, Sang W, Li D, Li Z, Zhou J, Huang H, Liang A, Zheng J, Xu K
Blood 2022 Jun 9;139(23):3376-3386. doi: 10.1182/blood.2021013733. PMID: 35338773
Effect of Postreinduction Therapy Consolidation With Blinatumomab vs Chemotherapy on Disease-Free Survival in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults With First Relapse of B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Brown PA, Ji L, Xu X, Devidas M, Hogan LE, Borowitz MJ, Raetz EA, Zugmaier G, Sharon E, Bernhardt MB, Terezakis SA, Gore L, Whitlock JA, Pulsipher MA, Hunger SP, Loh ML
JAMA 2021 Mar 2;325(9):833-842. doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.0669. PMID: 33651090Free PMC Article
CRISPR/Cas9-Engineered Universal CD19/CD22 Dual-Targeted CAR-T Cell Therapy for Relapsed/Refractory B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.
Hu Y, Zhou Y, Zhang M, Ge W, Li Y, Yang L, Wei G, Han L, Wang H, Yu S, Chen Y, Wang Y, He X, Zhang X, Gao M, Yang J, Li X, Ren J, Huang H
Clin Cancer Res 2021 May 15;27(10):2764-2772. Epub 2021 Feb 24 doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-20-3863. PMID: 33627493
Current Progress in CAR-T Cell Therapy for Solid Tumors.
Ma S, Li X, Wang X, Cheng L, Li Z, Zhang C, Ye Z, Qian Q
Int J Biol Sci 2019;15(12):2548-2560. Epub 2019 Sep 7 doi: 10.7150/ijbs.34213. PMID: 31754328Free PMC Article
Tisagenlecleucel in Children and Young Adults with B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia.
Maude SL, Laetsch TW, Buechner J, Rives S, Boyer M, Bittencourt H, Bader P, Verneris MR, Stefanski HE, Myers GD, Qayed M, De Moerloose B, Hiramatsu H, Schlis K, Davis KL, Martin PL, Nemecek ER, Yanik GA, Peters C, Baruchel A, Boissel N, Mechinaud F, Balduzzi A, Krueger J, June CH, Levine BL, Wood P, Taran T, Leung M, Mueller KT, Zhang Y, Sen K, Lebwohl D, Pulsipher MA, Grupp SA
N Engl J Med 2018 Feb 1;378(5):439-448. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1709866. PMID: 29385370Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Effect of Blinatumomab vs Chemotherapy on Event-Free Survival Among Children With High-risk First-Relapse B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Locatelli F, Zugmaier G, Rizzari C, Morris JD, Gruhn B, Klingebiel T, Parasole R, Linderkamp C, Flotho C, Petit A, Micalizzi C, Mergen N, Mohammad A, Kormany WN, Eckert C, Möricke A, Sartor M, Hrusak O, Peters C, Saha V, Vinti L, von Stackelberg A
JAMA 2021 Mar 2;325(9):843-854. doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.0987. PMID: 33651091Free PMC Article
Effect of Postreinduction Therapy Consolidation With Blinatumomab vs Chemotherapy on Disease-Free Survival in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults With First Relapse of B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Brown PA, Ji L, Xu X, Devidas M, Hogan LE, Borowitz MJ, Raetz EA, Zugmaier G, Sharon E, Bernhardt MB, Terezakis SA, Gore L, Whitlock JA, Pulsipher MA, Hunger SP, Loh ML
JAMA 2021 Mar 2;325(9):833-842. doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.0669. PMID: 33651090Free PMC Article
Extensive Remodeling of the Immune Microenvironment in B Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.
Witkowski MT, Dolgalev I, Evensen NA, Ma C, Chambers T, Roberts KG, Sreeram S, Dai Y, Tikhonova AN, Lasry A, Qu C, Pei D, Cheng C, Robbins GA, Pierro J, Selvaraj S, Mezzano V, Daves M, Lupo PJ, Scheurer ME, Loomis CA, Mullighan CG, Chen W, Rabin KR, Tsirigos A, Carroll WL, Aifantis I
Cancer Cell 2020 Jun 8;37(6):867-882.e12. Epub 2020 May 28 doi: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.04.015. PMID: 32470390Free PMC Article
Minimal Residual Disease Detection in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.
Kruse A, Abdel-Azim N, Kim HN, Ruan Y, Phan V, Ogana H, Wang W, Lee R, Gang EJ, Khazal S, Kim YM
Int J Mol Sci 2020 Feb 5;21(3) doi: 10.3390/ijms21031054. PMID: 32033444Free PMC Article
Genomic Profiling of Adult and Pediatric B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.
Liu YF, Wang BY, Zhang WN, Huang JY, Li BS, Zhang M, Jiang L, Li JF, Wang MJ, Dai YJ, Zhang ZG, Wang Q, Kong J, Chen B, Zhu YM, Weng XQ, Shen ZX, Li JM, Wang J, Yan XJ, Li Y, Liang YM, Liu L, Chen XQ, Zhang WG, Yan JS, Hu JD, Shen SH, Chen J, Gu LJ, Pei D, Li Y, Wu G, Zhou X, Ren RB, Cheng C, Yang JJ, Wang KK, Wang SY, Zhang J, Mi JQ, Pui CH, Tang JY, Chen Z, Chen SJ
EBioMedicine 2016 Jun;8:173-183. Epub 2016 May 13 doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.04.038. PMID: 27428428Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

JAK: Not Just Another Kinase.
Agashe RP, Lippman SM, Kurzrock R
Mol Cancer Ther 2022 Dec 2;21(12):1757-1764. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-22-0323. PMID: 36252553Free PMC Article
Effect of Blinatumomab vs Chemotherapy on Event-Free Survival Among Children With High-risk First-Relapse B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Locatelli F, Zugmaier G, Rizzari C, Morris JD, Gruhn B, Klingebiel T, Parasole R, Linderkamp C, Flotho C, Petit A, Micalizzi C, Mergen N, Mohammad A, Kormany WN, Eckert C, Möricke A, Sartor M, Hrusak O, Peters C, Saha V, Vinti L, von Stackelberg A
JAMA 2021 Mar 2;325(9):843-854. doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.0987. PMID: 33651091Free PMC Article
CRISPR/Cas9-Engineered Universal CD19/CD22 Dual-Targeted CAR-T Cell Therapy for Relapsed/Refractory B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.
Hu Y, Zhou Y, Zhang M, Ge W, Li Y, Yang L, Wei G, Han L, Wang H, Yu S, Chen Y, Wang Y, He X, Zhang X, Gao M, Yang J, Li X, Ren J, Huang H
Clin Cancer Res 2021 May 15;27(10):2764-2772. Epub 2021 Feb 24 doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-20-3863. PMID: 33627493
Minimal Residual Disease Detection in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.
Kruse A, Abdel-Azim N, Kim HN, Ruan Y, Phan V, Ogana H, Wang W, Lee R, Gang EJ, Khazal S, Kim YM
Int J Mol Sci 2020 Feb 5;21(3) doi: 10.3390/ijms21031054. PMID: 32033444Free PMC Article
Tisagenlecleucel in Children and Young Adults with B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia.
Maude SL, Laetsch TW, Buechner J, Rives S, Boyer M, Bittencourt H, Bader P, Verneris MR, Stefanski HE, Myers GD, Qayed M, De Moerloose B, Hiramatsu H, Schlis K, Davis KL, Martin PL, Nemecek ER, Yanik GA, Peters C, Baruchel A, Boissel N, Mechinaud F, Balduzzi A, Krueger J, June CH, Levine BL, Wood P, Taran T, Leung M, Mueller KT, Zhang Y, Sen K, Lebwohl D, Pulsipher MA, Grupp SA
N Engl J Med 2018 Feb 1;378(5):439-448. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1709866. PMID: 29385370Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

A systematic review on the cost-effectiveness assessment of tisagenlecleucel for refractory or relapsing B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (R/R B-ALL) treatment in children and young adults.
Andrade AM, Teixeira VR, Pogue R, Figueiredo ACMG, Carvalho JL
Cytotherapy 2023 Sep;25(9):930-938. Epub 2023 Jun 20 doi: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2023.05.011. PMID: 37341664
Long-term response to autologous anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T cells in relapsed or refractory B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Elsallab M, Ellithi M, Hempel S, Abdel-Azim H, Abou-El-Enein M
Cancer Gene Ther 2023 Jun;30(6):845-854. Epub 2023 Feb 7 doi: 10.1038/s41417-023-00593-3. PMID: 36750666Free PMC Article
Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in adults with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Grover P, Veilleux O, Tian L, Sun R, Previtera M, Curran E, Muffly L
Blood Adv 2022 Mar 8;6(5):1608-1618. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003482. PMID: 34610109Free PMC Article
A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of minimal residual disease as a prognostic indicator in adult B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Bassan R, Brüggemann M, Radcliffe HS, Hartfield E, Kreuzbauer G, Wetten S
Haematologica 2019 Oct;104(10):2028-2039. Epub 2019 Mar 19 doi: 10.3324/haematol.2018.201053. PMID: 30890593Free PMC Article
Pediatric precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with MYC 8q24 translocation - how to treat?
Zhang C, Amos Burke GA
Leuk Lymphoma 2018 Aug;59(8):1807-1813. Epub 2017 Oct 12 doi: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1387914. PMID: 29022749

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.
    • Bookshelf
      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Consumer resources

    Reviews

    Related information

    • ClinVar
      Related medical variations
    • GTR
      Related information in GTR
    • GTR(Clinical)
      Clinical tests in GTR
    • PMC Articles
      Related information in PubMed Central Links
    • PubMed
      Related literature resources in PubMed

    Recent activity

    Clear Turn Off Turn On

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...