U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Vulvar squamous neoplasm

MedGen UID:
276998
•Concept ID:
C1520097
•
Neoplastic Process
Synonyms: mammalian vulva squamous cell neoplasm; Vulvar Squamous Neoplasm; vulvar squamous neoplasm; Vulvar Squamous Tumor; vulvar squamous tumor; vulvar squamous tumour
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0002195

Definition

A benign, precancerous, or malignant neoplasm that arises from the squamous epithelium of the vulva. Representative examples include vestibular papilloma, intraepithelial neoplasia, and squamous cell carcinoma. [from NCI]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Modern treatment of vulvar cancer.
Merlo S
Radiol Oncol 2020 Sep 22;54(4):371-376. doi: 10.2478/raon-2020-0053. PMID: 32960779Free PMC Article
Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: Classification, epidemiology, diagnosis, and management.
Lebreton M, Carton I, Brousse S, Lavoué V, Body G, Levêque J, Nyangoh-Timoh K
J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2020 Nov;49(9):101801. Epub 2020 May 14 doi: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2020.101801. PMID: 32417455
Diagnosis and Treatment of Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus: An Update for Dermatologists.
Lee A, Fischer G
Am J Clin Dermatol 2018 Oct;19(5):695-706. doi: 10.1007/s40257-018-0364-7. PMID: 29987650

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

HPV-independent, p53-wild-type vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: a review of nomenclature and the journey to characterize verruciform and acanthotic precursor lesions of the vulva.
Parra-Herran C, Nucci MR, Singh N, Rakislova N, Howitt BE, Hoang L, Gilks CB, Bosse T, Watkins JC
Mod Pathol 2022 Oct;35(10):1317-1326. Epub 2022 Apr 18 doi: 10.1038/s41379-022-01079-7. PMID: 35437330
Cancer of the vulva: 2021 update.
Olawaiye AB, Cuello MA, Rogers LJ
Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2021 Oct;155 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):7-18. doi: 10.1002/ijgo.13881. PMID: 34669204Free PMC Article
Diagnosis and Treatment of Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus: An Update for Dermatologists.
Lee A, Fischer G
Am J Clin Dermatol 2018 Oct;19(5):695-706. doi: 10.1007/s40257-018-0364-7. PMID: 29987650
Vulvar and Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia: Terminology, Diagnosis, and Ancillary Studies.
Yang EJ, Kong CS, Longacre TA
Adv Anat Pathol 2017 May;24(3):136-150. doi: 10.1097/PAP.0000000000000149. PMID: 28398952
Sentinel node dissection is safe in the treatment of early-stage vulvar cancer.
Van der Zee AG, Oonk MH, De Hullu JA, Ansink AC, Vergote I, Verheijen RH, Maggioni A, Gaarenstroom KN, Baldwin PJ, Van Dorst EB, Van der Velden J, Hermans RH, van der Putten H, Drouin P, Schneider A, Sluiter WJ
J Clin Oncol 2008 Feb 20;26(6):884-9. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2007.14.0566. PMID: 18281661

Diagnosis

HPV-independent, p53-wild-type vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: a review of nomenclature and the journey to characterize verruciform and acanthotic precursor lesions of the vulva.
Parra-Herran C, Nucci MR, Singh N, Rakislova N, Howitt BE, Hoang L, Gilks CB, Bosse T, Watkins JC
Mod Pathol 2022 Oct;35(10):1317-1326. Epub 2022 Apr 18 doi: 10.1038/s41379-022-01079-7. PMID: 35437330
Cancer of the vulva: 2021 update.
Olawaiye AB, Cuello MA, Rogers LJ
Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2021 Oct;155 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):7-18. doi: 10.1002/ijgo.13881. PMID: 34669204Free PMC Article
Cancer of the Vulva: A Review.
Michalski BM, Pfeifer JD, Mutch D, Council ML
Dermatol Surg 2021 Feb 1;47(2):174-183. doi: 10.1097/DSS.0000000000002584. PMID: 32947298
Vulvar malignancies: an interdisciplinary perspective.
Wohlmuth C, Wohlmuth-Wieser I
J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2019 Dec;17(12):1257-1276. Epub 2019 Dec 12 doi: 10.1111/ddg.13995. PMID: 31829526Free PMC Article
Diagnosis and Treatment of Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus: An Update for Dermatologists.
Lee A, Fischer G
Am J Clin Dermatol 2018 Oct;19(5):695-706. doi: 10.1007/s40257-018-0364-7. PMID: 29987650

Therapy

Prevalence of human papillomavirus DNA and p16(INK4a) positivity in vulvar cancer and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Li Z, Liu P, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Chen Z, Chu R, Li G, Han Q, Zhao Y, Li L, Miao J, Kong B, Song K
Lancet Oncol 2023 Apr;24(4):403-414. Epub 2023 Mar 15 doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(23)00066-9. PMID: 36933562
Topical imiquimod versus surgery for vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: a multicentre, randomised, phase 3, non-inferiority trial.
Trutnovsky G, Reich O, Joura EA, Holter M, Ciresa-König A, Widschwendter A, Schauer C, Bogner G, Jan Z, Boandl A, Kalteis MS, Regauer S, Tamussino K
Lancet 2022 May 7;399(10337):1790-1798. Epub 2022 Apr 25 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00469-X. PMID: 35483400
Cancer of the Vulva: A Review.
Michalski BM, Pfeifer JD, Mutch D, Council ML
Dermatol Surg 2021 Feb 1;47(2):174-183. doi: 10.1097/DSS.0000000000002584. PMID: 32947298
Hormone Replacement Therapy in Cancer Survivors - Review of the Literature.
Deli T, Orosz M, Jakab A
Pathol Oncol Res 2020 Jan;26(1):63-78. Epub 2019 Jan 8 doi: 10.1007/s12253-018-00569-x. PMID: 30617760Free PMC Article
Diagnosis and Treatment of Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus: An Update for Dermatologists.
Lee A, Fischer G
Am J Clin Dermatol 2018 Oct;19(5):695-706. doi: 10.1007/s40257-018-0364-7. PMID: 29987650

Prognosis

Modern treatment of vulvar cancer.
Merlo S
Radiol Oncol 2020 Sep 22;54(4):371-376. doi: 10.2478/raon-2020-0053. PMID: 32960779Free PMC Article
Vulvar malignancies: an interdisciplinary perspective.
Wohlmuth C, Wohlmuth-Wieser I
J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2019 Dec;17(12):1257-1276. Epub 2019 Dec 12 doi: 10.1111/ddg.13995. PMID: 31829526Free PMC Article
Diagnosis and Treatment of Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus: An Update for Dermatologists.
Lee A, Fischer G
Am J Clin Dermatol 2018 Oct;19(5):695-706. doi: 10.1007/s40257-018-0364-7. PMID: 29987650
Bartholin gland cancer.
Di Donato V, Casorelli A, Bardhi E, Vena F, Marchetti C, Muzii L, Benedetti Panici P
Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017 Sep;117:1-11. Epub 2017 Jun 13 doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.06.005. PMID: 28807231
Sentinel node dissection is safe in the treatment of early-stage vulvar cancer.
Van der Zee AG, Oonk MH, De Hullu JA, Ansink AC, Vergote I, Verheijen RH, Maggioni A, Gaarenstroom KN, Baldwin PJ, Van Dorst EB, Van der Velden J, Hermans RH, van der Putten H, Drouin P, Schneider A, Sluiter WJ
J Clin Oncol 2008 Feb 20;26(6):884-9. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2007.14.0566. PMID: 18281661

Clinical prediction guides

Topical imiquimod versus surgery for vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: a multicentre, randomised, phase 3, non-inferiority trial.
Trutnovsky G, Reich O, Joura EA, Holter M, Ciresa-König A, Widschwendter A, Schauer C, Bogner G, Jan Z, Boandl A, Kalteis MS, Regauer S, Tamussino K
Lancet 2022 May 7;399(10337):1790-1798. Epub 2022 Apr 25 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00469-X. PMID: 35483400
DEVIL, VAAD and vLSC constitute a spectrum of HPV-independent, p53-independent intra-epithelial neoplasia of the vulva.
Roy SF, Wong J, Le Page C, Tran-Thanh D, Barkati M, Pina A, Trinh VQ, Rahimi K
Histopathology 2021 Dec;79(6):975-988. Epub 2021 Sep 20 doi: 10.1111/his.14451. PMID: 34265101
Major p53 immunohistochemical patterns in in situ and invasive squamous cell carcinomas of the vulva and correlation with TP53 mutation status.
Tessier-Cloutier B, Kortekaas KE, Thompson E, Pors J, Chen J, Ho J, Prentice LM, McConechy MK, Chow C, Proctor L, McAlpine JN, Huntsman DG, Gilks CB, Bosse T, Hoang LN
Mod Pathol 2020 Aug;33(8):1595-1605. Epub 2020 Mar 20 doi: 10.1038/s41379-020-0524-1. PMID: 32203095
A mechanically active heterotypic E-cadherin/N-cadherin adhesion enables fibroblasts to drive cancer cell invasion.
Labernadie A, Kato T, Brugués A, Serra-Picamal X, Derzsi S, Arwert E, Weston A, González-Tarragó V, Elosegui-Artola A, Albertazzi L, Alcaraz J, Roca-Cusachs P, Sahai E, Trepat X
Nat Cell Biol 2017 Mar;19(3):224-237. Epub 2017 Feb 20 doi: 10.1038/ncb3478. PMID: 28218910Free PMC Article
Sentinel node dissection is safe in the treatment of early-stage vulvar cancer.
Van der Zee AG, Oonk MH, De Hullu JA, Ansink AC, Vergote I, Verheijen RH, Maggioni A, Gaarenstroom KN, Baldwin PJ, Van Dorst EB, Van der Velden J, Hermans RH, van der Putten H, Drouin P, Schneider A, Sluiter WJ
J Clin Oncol 2008 Feb 20;26(6):884-9. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2007.14.0566. PMID: 18281661

Recent systematic reviews

Prevalence of human papillomavirus DNA and p16(INK4a) positivity in vulvar cancer and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Li Z, Liu P, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Chen Z, Chu R, Li G, Han Q, Zhao Y, Li L, Miao J, Kong B, Song K
Lancet Oncol 2023 Apr;24(4):403-414. Epub 2023 Mar 15 doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(23)00066-9. PMID: 36933562
Prognostic role of perineural invasion in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Santoro A, Angelico G, Travaglino A, Inzani F, Arciuolo D, Valente M, D'Alessandris N, Scaglione G, Piermattei A, Cianfrini F, Straccia P, Benvenuto R, Raffone A, Garganese G, Gallotta V, Zannoni GF
Eur J Surg Oncol 2022 Dec;48(12):2354-2359. Epub 2022 Jun 25 doi: 10.1016/j.ejso.2022.06.031. PMID: 35811178
Risk of Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Lichen Sclerosus and Lichen Planus: A Systematic Review.
Leis M, Singh A, Li C, Ahluwalia R, Fleming P, Lynde CW
J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2022 Feb;44(2):182-192. Epub 2021 Oct 19 doi: 10.1016/j.jogc.2021.09.023. PMID: 34678521
Prevalence and type distribution of human papillomavirus in squamous cell carcinoma and intraepithelial neoplasia of the vulva.
Faber MT, Sand FL, Albieri V, Norrild B, Kjaer SK, Verdoodt F
Int J Cancer 2017 Sep 15;141(6):1161-1169. Epub 2017 Jun 21 doi: 10.1002/ijc.30821. PMID: 28577297
Vulvar, Perianal and Perineal Cancer After Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Systematic Review and Pooled Analysis.
Makris GM, Poulakaki N, Papanota AM, Kotsifa E, Sergentanis TN, Psaltopoulou T
Dermatol Surg 2017 Jan;43(1):107-115. doi: 10.1097/DSS.0000000000000944. PMID: 27755170

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.
    • Bookshelf
      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Consumer resources

    Reviews

    Related information

    • PMC Articles
      Related information in PubMed Central Links
    • PubMed
      Related literature resources in PubMed

    Recent activity

    Clear Turn Off Turn On

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...