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Mediastinal malignant germ cell tumor

MedGen UID:
277334
•Concept ID:
C1334597
•
Neoplastic Process
Synonyms: Malignant germ cell neoplasm of mediastinum; Malignant Germ Cell Neoplasm of Mediastinum; malignant germ cell neoplasm of mediastinum; Malignant Germ Cell Neoplasm of the Mediastinum; malignant germ cell neoplasm of the mediastinum; Malignant Germ Cell Tumor of Mediastinum; malignant germ cell tumor of mediastinum; Malignant Germ Cell Tumor of the Mediastinum; malignant germ cell tumor of the mediastinum; malignant germ cell tumour of mediastinum; malignant germ cell tumour of the mediastinum; Malignant Mediastinal Germ Cell Neoplasm; malignant mediastinal germ cell neoplasm; Malignant Mediastinal Germ Cell Tumor; malignant mediastinal germ cell tumor; malignant mediastinal germ cell tumour; mediastinal germ cell tumor, malignant; Mediastinal Malignant Germ Cell Tumor; mediastinal malignant germ cell tumor; Thymic Malignant Germ Cell Tumor; thymic malignant germ cell tumor; thymic malignant germ cell tumour
SNOMED CT: Malignant germ cell neoplasm of mediastinum (713293002)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0006298

Definition

An extragonadal malignant germ cell tumor that arises from the mediastinum. This category includes seminoma, embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, choriocarcinoma, mixed germ cell tumors, and immature malignant teratoma. [from NCI]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Multimodality treatment outcome in patients with primary malignant mediastinal germ cell tumor in adults.
Biswas B, Dabkara D, Sengupta M, Ganguly S, Ghosh J, Arunsingh S M, Sen S
Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2021 Feb;4(1):e1306. Epub 2020 Oct 8 doi: 10.1002/cnr2.1306. PMID: 33029924Free PMC Article
Management of the primary malignant mediastinal germ cell tumors: experience with 54 patients.
Liu Y, Wang Z, Peng ZM, Yu Y
Diagn Pathol 2014 Feb 19;9:33. doi: 10.1186/1746-1596-9-33. PMID: 24552239Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Mediastinal neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma, and ganglioneuroma: Pathology review and diagnostic approach.
Choi JH, Ro JY
Semin Diagn Pathol 2022 Mar;39(2):120-130. Epub 2021 Jun 15 doi: 10.1053/j.semdp.2021.06.007. PMID: 34167847
Primary mediastinal germ cell tumors.
Rosti G, Secondino S, Necchi A, Fornarini G, Pedrazzoli P
Semin Oncol 2019 Apr;46(2):107-111. Epub 2019 Apr 24 doi: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2019.04.001. PMID: 31076171
Non-seminomatous mediastinal germ cell tumor and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia.
Mukherjee S, Ibrahimi S, John S, Adnan MM, Scordino T, Khalil MO, Cherry M
Ann Hematol 2017 Sep;96(9):1435-1439. Epub 2017 Jun 3 doi: 10.1007/s00277-017-3037-3. PMID: 28578457
TI-CE high-dose chemotherapy for patients with previously treated germ cell tumors: results and prognostic factor analysis.
Feldman DR, Sheinfeld J, Bajorin DF, Fischer P, Turkula S, Ishill N, Patil S, Bains M, Reich LM, Bosl GJ, Motzer RJ
J Clin Oncol 2010 Apr 1;28(10):1706-13. Epub 2010 Mar 1 doi: 10.1200/JCO.2009.25.1561. PMID: 20194867Free PMC Article
International Germ Cell Consensus Classification: a prognostic factor-based staging system for metastatic germ cell cancers. International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group.
J Clin Oncol 1997 Feb;15(2):594-603. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1997.15.2.594. PMID: 9053482

Diagnosis

The 2021 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Thymus and Mediastinum: What Is New in Thymic Epithelial, Germ Cell, and Mesenchymal Tumors?
Marx A, Chan JKC, Chalabreysse L, Dacic S, Detterbeck F, French CA, Hornick JL, Inagaki H, Jain D, Lazar AJ, Marino M, Marom EM, Moreira AL, Nicholson AG, Noguchi M, Nonaka D, Papotti MG, Porubsky S, Sholl LM, Tateyama H, Thomas de Montpréville V, Travis WD, Rajan A, Roden AC, Ströbel P
J Thorac Oncol 2022 Feb;17(2):200-213. Epub 2021 Oct 22 doi: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.10.010. PMID: 34695605
Primary mediastinal germ cell tumours: an immunohistochemical and molecular diagnostic approach.
Fichtner A, Richter A, Filmar S, Kircher S, Rosenwald A, Küffer S, Nettersheim D, Oing C, Marx A, Ströbel P, Bremmer F
Histopathology 2022 Jan;80(2):381-396. Epub 2021 Nov 16 doi: 10.1111/his.14560. PMID: 34506648
Mediastinal neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma, and ganglioneuroma: Pathology review and diagnostic approach.
Choi JH, Ro JY
Semin Diagn Pathol 2022 Mar;39(2):120-130. Epub 2021 Jun 15 doi: 10.1053/j.semdp.2021.06.007. PMID: 34167847
Mediastinal Germ Cell Tumors: A Review and Update on Pathologic, Clinical, and Molecular Features.
El-Zaatari ZM, Ro JY
Adv Anat Pathol 2021 Sep 1;28(5):335-350. doi: 10.1097/PAP.0000000000000304. PMID: 34029275
Mediastinal Germ Cell Tumors: Updates in Diagnosis and Management.
Stram AR, Kesler KA
Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2020 Oct;29(4):571-579. Epub 2020 Jul 20 doi: 10.1016/j.soc.2020.06.005. PMID: 32883459

Therapy

Pharmacotherapeutic treatment of germ cell tumors: standard of care and recent developments.
Oing C, Seidel C, von Amsberg G, Oechsle K, Bokemeyer C
Expert Opin Pharmacother 2016;17(4):545-60. Epub 2015 Dec 31 doi: 10.1517/14656566.2016.1127357. PMID: 26630452
Extragonadal germ cell tumors: clinical presentation and management.
Albany C, Einhorn LH
Curr Opin Oncol 2013 May;25(3):261-5. doi: 10.1097/CCO.0b013e32835f085d. PMID: 23422328
Thymoma: Diagnosis and treatment.
Singh G, Rumende CM, Amin Z
Acta Med Indones 2011 Jan;43(1):74-8. PMID: 21339550
TI-CE high-dose chemotherapy for patients with previously treated germ cell tumors: results and prognostic factor analysis.
Feldman DR, Sheinfeld J, Bajorin DF, Fischer P, Turkula S, Ishill N, Patil S, Bains M, Reich LM, Bosl GJ, Motzer RJ
J Clin Oncol 2010 Apr 1;28(10):1706-13. Epub 2010 Mar 1 doi: 10.1200/JCO.2009.25.1561. PMID: 20194867Free PMC Article
International Germ Cell Consensus Classification: a prognostic factor-based staging system for metastatic germ cell cancers. International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group.
J Clin Oncol 1997 Feb;15(2):594-603. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1997.15.2.594. PMID: 9053482

Prognosis

Mediastinal Germ Cell Tumors: Updates in Diagnosis and Management.
Stram AR, Kesler KA
Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2020 Oct;29(4):571-579. Epub 2020 Jul 20 doi: 10.1016/j.soc.2020.06.005. PMID: 32883459
Fine needle aspiration of mediastinal germ cell tumors.
Reynolds JP, Liu S
Semin Diagn Pathol 2020 Jul;37(4):174-178. Epub 2020 May 13 doi: 10.1053/j.semdp.2020.04.008. PMID: 32444243
Primary mediastinal germ cell tumors.
Rosti G, Secondino S, Necchi A, Fornarini G, Pedrazzoli P
Semin Oncol 2019 Apr;46(2):107-111. Epub 2019 Apr 24 doi: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2019.04.001. PMID: 31076171
Non-seminomatous mediastinal germ cell tumor and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia.
Mukherjee S, Ibrahimi S, John S, Adnan MM, Scordino T, Khalil MO, Cherry M
Ann Hematol 2017 Sep;96(9):1435-1439. Epub 2017 Jun 3 doi: 10.1007/s00277-017-3037-3. PMID: 28578457
International Germ Cell Consensus Classification: a prognostic factor-based staging system for metastatic germ cell cancers. International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group.
J Clin Oncol 1997 Feb;15(2):594-603. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1997.15.2.594. PMID: 9053482

Clinical prediction guides

Assessment of Resectability of Mediastinal Germ Cell Tumor Using Preoperative Computed Tomography.
Kawakubo N, Okubo Y, Yotsukura M, Yoshida Y, Nakagawa K, Yonemori K, Watanabe H, Yatabe Y, Watanabe SI
J Surg Res 2022 Apr;272:61-68. Epub 2021 Dec 20 doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.11.002. PMID: 34936913
Mediastinal Germ Cell Tumors: Updates in Diagnosis and Management.
Stram AR, Kesler KA
Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2020 Oct;29(4):571-579. Epub 2020 Jul 20 doi: 10.1016/j.soc.2020.06.005. PMID: 32883459
TI-CE high-dose chemotherapy for patients with previously treated germ cell tumors: results and prognostic factor analysis.
Feldman DR, Sheinfeld J, Bajorin DF, Fischer P, Turkula S, Ishill N, Patil S, Bains M, Reich LM, Bosl GJ, Motzer RJ
J Clin Oncol 2010 Apr 1;28(10):1706-13. Epub 2010 Mar 1 doi: 10.1200/JCO.2009.25.1561. PMID: 20194867Free PMC Article
Mediastinal tumors.
Thomas CR Jr, Bonomi PD
Curr Opin Oncol 1991 Apr;3(2):335-43. doi: 10.1097/00001622-199104000-00015. PMID: 1648973
Thymomas.
LeGolvan DP, Abell MR
Cancer 1977 May;39(5):2142-57. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(197705)39:5<2142::aid-cncr2820390531>3.0.co;2-q. PMID: 558046

Recent systematic reviews

How to classify, diagnose, treat and follow-up extragonadal germ cell tumors? A systematic review of available evidence.
Winter C, Zengerling F, Busch J, Heinzelbecker J, Pfister D, Ruf C, Lackner J, Albers P, Kliesch S, Schmidt S, Bokemeyer C
World J Urol 2022 Dec;40(12):2863-2878. Epub 2022 May 12 doi: 10.1007/s00345-022-04009-z. PMID: 35554637Free PMC Article
Risk of extracolonic second primary cancers following a primary colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Robertson D, Ng SK, Baade PD, Lam AK
Int J Colorectal Dis 2022 Mar;37(3):541-551. Epub 2022 Feb 12 doi: 10.1007/s00384-022-04105-x. PMID: 35152308Free PMC Article
Clinicopathological features of esophageal schwannomas in mainland China: systematic review of the literature.
Gao ZY, Liu XB, Pandey S, Gao B, Liu P, Zhang QH, Gao YJ, Li SB
Int J Clin Oncol 2021 Feb;26(2):284-295. Epub 2020 Nov 20 doi: 10.1007/s10147-020-01809-4. PMID: 33216242
Total resection of a giant retroperitoneal and mediastinal ganglioneuroma-case report and systematic review of the literature.
Kirchweger P, Wundsam HV, Fischer I, Rösch CS, Böhm G, Tsybrovskyy O, Alibegovic V, Függer R
World J Surg Oncol 2020 Sep 18;18(1):248. doi: 10.1186/s12957-020-02016-1. PMID: 32948207Free PMC Article
A Meta-Analysis of the Relationship between Testicular Microlithiasis and Incidence of Testicular Cancer.
Wang T, Liu L, Luo J, Liu T, Wei A
Urol J 2015 Apr 29;12(2):2057-64. PMID: 25923148

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