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Primary congenital glaucoma

MedGen UID:
288550
Concept ID:
C1533041
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: Primary congenital glaucoma (disease)
SNOMED CT: Primary congenital glaucoma (415176004); Primary infantile glaucoma (415176004)
 
HPO: HP:0008007
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0000365

Disease characteristics

Excerpted from the GeneReview: Primary Congenital Glaucoma
Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) is characterized by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), enlargement of the globe (buphthalmos), edema, and opacification of the cornea with rupture of Descemet's membrane (Haab's striae), thinning of the anterior sclera and iris atrophy, anomalously deep anterior chamber, and structurally normal posterior segment except for progressive glaucomatous optic atrophy. Symptoms include photophobia, blepharospasm, and excessive tearing. Typically, the diagnosis is made in the first year of life. Depending on when treatment is instituted, visual acuity may be reduced and/or visual fields may be restricted. In untreated individuals, blindness invariably occurs. [from GeneReviews]
Authors:
Khaled K Abu-Amero  |  Deepak P Edward   view full author information

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVPrimary congenital glaucoma

Conditions with this feature

Glaucoma 3, primary infantile, B
MedGen UID:
331409
Concept ID:
C1832977
Disease or Syndrome
Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) is characterized by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), enlargement of the globe (buphthalmos), edema, and opacification of the cornea with rupture of Descemet's membrane (Haab's striae), thinning of the anterior sclera and iris atrophy, anomalously deep anterior chamber, and structurally normal posterior segment except for progressive glaucomatous optic atrophy. Symptoms include photophobia, blepharospasm, and excessive tearing. Typically, the diagnosis is made in the first year of life. Depending on when treatment is instituted, visual acuity may be reduced and/or visual fields may be restricted. In untreated individuals, blindness invariably occurs.
Diamond-Blackfan anemia 1
MedGen UID:
390966
Concept ID:
C2676137
Disease or Syndrome
Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is characterized by a profound normochromic and usually macrocytic anemia with normal leukocytes and platelets, congenital malformations in up to 50%, and growth deficiency in 30% of affected individuals. The hematologic complications occur in 90% of affected individuals during the first year of life. The phenotypic spectrum ranges from a mild form (e.g., mild anemia or no anemia with only subtle erythroid abnormalities, physical malformations without anemia) to a severe form of fetal anemia resulting in nonimmune hydrops fetalis. DBA is associated with an increased risk for acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and solid tumors including osteogenic sarcoma.
Glaucoma 3, primary congenital, D
MedGen UID:
416524
Concept ID:
C2751316
Disease or Syndrome
Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) is characterized by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), enlargement of the globe (buphthalmos), edema, and opacification of the cornea with rupture of Descemet's membrane (Haab's striae), thinning of the anterior sclera and iris atrophy, anomalously deep anterior chamber, and structurally normal posterior segment except for progressive glaucomatous optic atrophy. Symptoms include photophobia, blepharospasm, and excessive tearing. Typically, the diagnosis is made in the first year of life. Depending on when treatment is instituted, visual acuity may be reduced and/or visual fields may be restricted. In untreated individuals, blindness invariably occurs.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Gupta V, Bhandari A, Gupta S, Singh A, Gupta A
J AAPOS 2022 Jun;26(3):119.e1-119.e5. Epub 2022 May 10 doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2022.01.010. PMID: 35550863
Leysen L, Cassiman C, Vermeer S, Casteels I, Balikova I
Eur J Med Genet 2022 Jan;65(1):104378. Epub 2021 Nov 5 doi: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2021.104378. PMID: 34748994
Chang I, Caprioli J, Ou Y
Dev Ophthalmol 2017;59:165-178. Epub 2017 Apr 25 doi: 10.1159/000458495. PMID: 28442696

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Gupta V, Bhandari A, Gupta S, Singh A, Gupta A
J AAPOS 2022 Jun;26(3):119.e1-119.e5. Epub 2022 May 10 doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2022.01.010. PMID: 35550863
Karaconji T, Zagora S, Grigg JR
Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2022 Mar;50(2):232-246. Epub 2022 Jan 25 doi: 10.1111/ceo.14039. PMID: 35023613
Magan T, Tanner A, Fajardo-Sanchez J, Lim KS, Goyal S, Rodrigues I, Amaya L, Trikha S, Kulkarni A, Hammond C, Lascaratos G, Yu-Wai-Man C
Eur J Ophthalmol 2022 Sep;32(5):2920-2927. Epub 2022 Jan 10 doi: 10.1177/11206721211073208. PMID: 35001688Free PMC Article
Pedersen KB, Kappelgaard P, Kessel L, Sandfeld L, Zibrandtsen N, Bach-Holm D
Acta Ophthalmol 2020 Mar;98(2):182-189. Epub 2019 Oct 30 doi: 10.1111/aos.14207. PMID: 31663689
Kantipuly A, Pillai MR, Shroff S, Khatiwala R, Raman GV, Krishnadas SR, Lee Robin A, Ehrlich JR
Am J Ophthalmol 2019 Sep;205:106-114. Epub 2019 May 10 doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.05.003. PMID: 31082348Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Karaconji T, Zagora S, Grigg JR
Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2022 Mar;50(2):232-246. Epub 2022 Jan 25 doi: 10.1111/ceo.14039. PMID: 35023613
Magan T, Tanner A, Fajardo-Sanchez J, Lim KS, Goyal S, Rodrigues I, Amaya L, Trikha S, Kulkarni A, Hammond C, Lascaratos G, Yu-Wai-Man C
Eur J Ophthalmol 2022 Sep;32(5):2920-2927. Epub 2022 Jan 10 doi: 10.1177/11206721211073208. PMID: 35001688Free PMC Article
Leysen L, Cassiman C, Vermeer S, Casteels I, Balikova I
Eur J Med Genet 2022 Jan;65(1):104378. Epub 2021 Nov 5 doi: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2021.104378. PMID: 34748994
Pedersen KB, Kappelgaard P, Kessel L, Sandfeld L, Zibrandtsen N, Bach-Holm D
Acta Ophthalmol 2020 Mar;98(2):182-189. Epub 2019 Oct 30 doi: 10.1111/aos.14207. PMID: 31663689
Ko F, Papadopoulos M, Khaw PT
Prog Brain Res 2015;221:177-89. Epub 2015 Sep 9 doi: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2015.06.005. PMID: 26518078

Therapy

Magan T, Tanner A, Fajardo-Sanchez J, Lim KS, Goyal S, Rodrigues I, Amaya L, Trikha S, Kulkarni A, Hammond C, Lascaratos G, Yu-Wai-Man C
Eur J Ophthalmol 2022 Sep;32(5):2920-2927. Epub 2022 Jan 10 doi: 10.1177/11206721211073208. PMID: 35001688Free PMC Article
Gagrani M, Garg I, Ghate D
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020 Aug 25;8(8):CD008213. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008213.pub3. PMID: 32816311Free PMC Article
Hu M, Wang H, Huang AS, Li L, Shi Y, Xu Y, Wang N
J Glaucoma 2019 Jan;28(1):1-6. doi: 10.1097/IJG.0000000000001116. PMID: 30358646Free PMC Article
Samant M, Medsinge A, Nischal KK
Paediatr Drugs 2016 Jun;18(3):209-19. doi: 10.1007/s40272-016-0174-4. PMID: 27093864
Ghate D, Wang X
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015 Jan 30;1:CD008213. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008213.pub2. PMID: 25636153Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Sihota R, Mahalingam K, Maurya AK, Sharma A, Bukke AN, Dada T
Indian J Ophthalmol 2024 Mar 1;72(3):328-334. Epub 2023 Dec 15 doi: 10.4103/IJO.IJO_370_23. PMID: 38099353Free PMC Article
Makhoul NJ, Wehbi Z, El Hadi D, Noureddine B, Boustany RM, Al-Haddad C
Ophthalmic Genet 2023 Jun;44(3):234-245. Epub 2023 Mar 30 doi: 10.1080/13816810.2023.2189949. PMID: 36995002
Magan T, Tanner A, Fajardo-Sanchez J, Lim KS, Goyal S, Rodrigues I, Amaya L, Trikha S, Kulkarni A, Hammond C, Lascaratos G, Yu-Wai-Man C
Eur J Ophthalmol 2022 Sep;32(5):2920-2927. Epub 2022 Jan 10 doi: 10.1177/11206721211073208. PMID: 35001688Free PMC Article
Pedersen KB, Kappelgaard P, Kessel L, Sandfeld L, Zibrandtsen N, Bach-Holm D
Acta Ophthalmol 2020 Mar;98(2):182-189. Epub 2019 Oct 30 doi: 10.1111/aos.14207. PMID: 31663689
Kantipuly A, Pillai MR, Shroff S, Khatiwala R, Raman GV, Krishnadas SR, Lee Robin A, Ehrlich JR
Am J Ophthalmol 2019 Sep;205:106-114. Epub 2019 May 10 doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.05.003. PMID: 31082348Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Sihota R, Mahalingam K, Maurya AK, Sharma A, Bukke AN, Dada T
Indian J Ophthalmol 2024 Mar 1;72(3):328-334. Epub 2023 Dec 15 doi: 10.4103/IJO.IJO_370_23. PMID: 38099353Free PMC Article
Gupta V, Bhandari A, Gupta S, Singh A, Gupta A
J AAPOS 2022 Jun;26(3):119.e1-119.e5. Epub 2022 May 10 doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2022.01.010. PMID: 35550863
Jemmeih S, Malik S, Okashah S, Zayed H
Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2022 Feb;29(1):1-12. Epub 2021 Feb 28 doi: 10.1080/09286586.2021.1883676. PMID: 33641569
Kantipuly A, Pillai MR, Shroff S, Khatiwala R, Raman GV, Krishnadas SR, Lee Robin A, Ehrlich JR
Am J Ophthalmol 2019 Sep;205:106-114. Epub 2019 May 10 doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.05.003. PMID: 31082348Free PMC Article
Cascella R, Strafella C, Germani C, Novelli G, Ricci F, Zampatti S, Giardina E
Biomed Res Int 2015;2015:321291. Epub 2015 Sep 16 doi: 10.1155/2015/321291. PMID: 26451367Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Kumar A, Han Y, Oatts JT
PLoS One 2024;19(2):e0298883. Epub 2024 Feb 22 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298883. PMID: 38386645Free PMC Article
Li X, Sun W, Xiao X, Fang L, Li S, Liu X, Zhang Q
Br J Ophthalmol 2022 Dec;106(12):1710-1715. Epub 2021 Jun 21 doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-318668. PMID: 34154991
Jemmeih S, Malik S, Okashah S, Zayed H
Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2022 Feb;29(1):1-12. Epub 2021 Feb 28 doi: 10.1080/09286586.2021.1883676. PMID: 33641569
Gagrani M, Garg I, Ghate D
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020 Aug 25;8(8):CD008213. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008213.pub3. PMID: 32816311Free PMC Article
Ghate D, Wang X
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015 Jan 30;1:CD008213. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008213.pub2. PMID: 25636153Free PMC Article

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