The presence of abnormally small extremities.

Flattening of the superior part of the acetabulum, which is a cup-shaped cavity at the base of the hipbone into which the ball-shaped head of the femur fits. The acetabular roof thereby appears horizontal rather than arched, as it normally does.

Limited ability to straighten the arm at the elbow joint.

A type of disproportionate short stature characterized by a short limbs but an average-sized trunk.

Weakness of the hip girdle and upper thigh muscles, for instance in myopathies, leads to an instability of the pelvis on standing and walking. If the muscles extending the hip joint are affected, the posture in that joint becomes flexed and lumbar lordosis increases. The patients usually have difficulties standing up from a sitting position. Due to weakness in the gluteus medius muscle, the hip on the side of the swinging leg drops with each step (referred to as Trendelenburg sign). The gait appears waddling. The patients frequently attempt to counteract the dropping of the hip on the swinging side by bending the trunk towards the side which is in the stance phase (in the German language literature this is referred to as Duchenne sign). Similar gait patterns can be caused by orthopedic conditions when the origin and the insertion site of the gluteus medius muscle are closer to each other than normal, for instance due to a posttraumatic elevation of the trochanter or pseudarthrosis of the femoral neck.

An osteochondrodysplasia that results in abnormalities of bone growth in the vertebral column, epiphysis, and metaphysis.

A narrowing of the sacrosciatic notch, i.e., the deep indentation in the posterior border of the hip bone at the point of union of the ilium and ischium.

An abnormal accentuation of the inward curvature of the spine in the lumbar region.

Bony outgrowths that extend laterally from the margin of the metaphysis.

Wide, concave posterior rib end.

A general term that describes a congenital defect in the iliac wing resulting from abnormal development.

A shift from the normally round (convex) appearance of the iliac wing towards a square-like appearance.

A flattened vertebral body shape with reduced distance between the vertebral endplates.

An alteration of the normally smooth contour of the epiphysis leading to an irregular appearance.

Reduction in the size or volume of epiphyses.

Abnormal widening of the metaphyseal regions of long bones.

One or more abnormally short long bone.

When viewed in lateral radiographs, vertebral bodies have a roughly rectangular configuration. This term applies if the vertebral body appears rounded or oval.

Bowing (abnormal curvature) of the femur.

Underdevelopment of the pubis, which together with the ilium and the ischium, is one of the three bones that make up the hip bone.

A defect of the chest wall characterized by a depression of the sternum, giving the chest ("pectus") a caved-in ("excavatum") appearance.

A bending or abnormal curvature affecting a long bone of the leg.

Absence of concavity or convexity of the face when viewed in profile.