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Skeletal dysplasia-intellectual disability syndrome(MRSD; CHRS)

MedGen UID:
326949
Concept ID:
C1839729
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Christian syndrome; Mental retardation skeletal dysplasia abducens palsy; MENTAL RETARDATION, SKELETAL DYSPLASIA, AND ABDUCENS PALSY
SNOMED CT: Skeletal dysplasia with intellectual disability syndrome (722478008); Christian syndrome (722478008)
Modes of inheritance:
X-linked recessive inheritance
MedGen UID:
375779
Concept ID:
C1845977
Finding
Source: Orphanet
A mode of inheritance that is observed for recessive traits related to a gene encoded on the X chromosome. In the context of medical genetics, X-linked recessive disorders manifest in males (who have one copy of the X chromosome and are thus hemizygotes), but generally not in female heterozygotes who have one mutant and one normal allele.
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0010668
OMIM®: 309620
Orphanet: ORPHA1436

Definition

This syndrome combines skeletal anomalies (short stature, ridging of the metopic suture, fusion of cervical vertebrae, thoracic hemivertebrae, scoliosis, sacral hypoplasia and short middle phalanges) and mild intellectual deficit. It has been described in four male cousins in three sibships. Glucose intolerance was present in three cases, and imperforated anus in one case. Carrier females had minor manifestations (fusion of cervical vertebrae and glucose intolerance). Transmission seems to be X-linked. [from SNOMEDCT_US]

Clinical features

From HPO
Short middle phalanx of finger
MedGen UID:
337690
Concept ID:
C1846950
Finding
Short (hypoplastic) middle phalanx of finger, affecting one or more fingers.
Short stature
MedGen UID:
87607
Concept ID:
C0349588
Finding
A height below that which is expected according to age and gender norms. Although there is no universally accepted definition of short stature, many refer to "short stature" as height more than 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender (or below the 3rd percentile for age and gender dependent norms).
Imperforate anus
MedGen UID:
1997
Concept ID:
C0003466
Congenital Abnormality
Congenital absence of the anus, i.e., the opening at the bottom end of the intestinal tract.
Intellectual disability
MedGen UID:
811461
Concept ID:
C3714756
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Intellectual disability, previously referred to as mental retardation, is characterized by subnormal intellectual functioning that occurs during the developmental period. It is defined by an IQ score below 70.
Abducens nerve palsy
MedGen UID:
1645218
Concept ID:
C4551519
Disease or Syndrome
Malfunction of the abducens nerve as manifested by impairment of the ability of the affected eye to be moved outward. Patients who develop abducens nerve palsy often present with binocular horizontal diplopia, which is a double vision when looking at objects side by side. There will be a notable weakness of the ipsilateral lateral rectus muscle leading to a deficit in of eye abduction on the affected side. Some patients may present with a constant head turning movement to maintain binocular fusion and to lessen the degree of diplopia.
Scoliosis
MedGen UID:
11348
Concept ID:
C0036439
Disease or Syndrome
The presence of an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.
Skeletal dysplasia
MedGen UID:
98053
Concept ID:
C0410528
Disease or Syndrome
A general term describing features characterized by abnormal development of bones and connective tissues.
Thoracic hemivertebrae
MedGen UID:
98142
Concept ID:
C0432152
Congenital Abnormality
Absence of one half of the vertebral body in the thoracic spine.
Prominent metopic ridge
MedGen UID:
387953
Concept ID:
C1857949
Finding
Vertical bony ridge positioned in the midline of the forehead.
Fused cervical vertebrae
MedGen UID:
854386
Concept ID:
C3887527
Congenital Abnormality
A congenital anomaly characterized by a joining (fusion) of two or more cervical vertebral bodies with one another.
Glucose intolerance
MedGen UID:
75760
Concept ID:
C0271650
Disease or Syndrome
Glucose intolerance (GI) can be defined as dysglycemia that comprises both prediabetes and diabetes. It includes the conditions of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and diabetes mellitus (DM).
Wide nasal bridge
MedGen UID:
341441
Concept ID:
C1849367
Finding
Increased breadth of the nasal bridge (and with it, the nasal root).

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVSkeletal dysplasia-intellectual disability syndrome
Follow this link to review classifications for Skeletal dysplasia-intellectual disability syndrome in Orphanet.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Gavril EC, Nucă I, Pânzaru MC, Ivanov AV, Mihai CT, Antoci LM, Ciobanu CG, Rusu C, Popescu R
Genes (Basel) 2023 Feb 11;14(2) doi: 10.3390/genes14020465. PMID: 36833393Free PMC Article
Spahiu L, Behluli E, Grajçevci-Uka V, Liehr T, Temaj G
J Mother Child 2022 Mar 1;26(1):118-123. Epub 2023 Feb 22 doi: 10.34763/jmotherandchild.20222601.d-22-00034. PMID: 36803942Free PMC Article
Li W, Yue T, Liu Y
Biomed Pharmacother 2020 Nov;131:110721. Epub 2020 Sep 10 doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110721. PMID: 32920517

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Nagpal R, Goyal RB, Priyadarshini K, Kashyap S, Sharma M, Sinha R, Sharma N
Indian J Ophthalmol 2022 Jul;70(7):2249-2261. doi: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_425_22. PMID: 35791104Free PMC Article
Mohan P, Lemoine J, Trotter C, Rakova I, Billings P, Peacock S, Kao CY, Wang Y, Xia F, Eng CM, Benn P
Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2022 Jan;59(1):33-39. doi: 10.1002/uog.23756. PMID: 34358384Free PMC Article
Pan L, Xie W, Fu X, Lu W, Jin H, Lai J, Zhang A, Yu Y, Li Y, Xiao W
Exp Gerontol 2021 Oct 15;154:111544. Epub 2021 Sep 1 doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111544. PMID: 34478826
Remelli F, Vitali A, Zurlo A, Volpato S
Nutrients 2019 Nov 21;11(12) doi: 10.3390/nu11122861. PMID: 31766576Free PMC Article
Chen LK, Liu LK, Woo J, Assantachai P, Auyeung TW, Bahyah KS, Chou MY, Chen LY, Hsu PS, Krairit O, Lee JS, Lee WJ, Lee Y, Liang CK, Limpawattana P, Lin CS, Peng LN, Satake S, Suzuki T, Won CW, Wu CH, Wu SN, Zhang T, Zeng P, Akishita M, Arai H
J Am Med Dir Assoc 2014 Feb;15(2):95-101. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2013.11.025. PMID: 24461239

Diagnosis

Spahiu L, Behluli E, Grajçevci-Uka V, Liehr T, Temaj G
J Mother Child 2022 Mar 1;26(1):118-123. Epub 2023 Feb 22 doi: 10.34763/jmotherandchild.20222601.d-22-00034. PMID: 36803942Free PMC Article
Mohan P, Lemoine J, Trotter C, Rakova I, Billings P, Peacock S, Kao CY, Wang Y, Xia F, Eng CM, Benn P
Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2022 Jan;59(1):33-39. doi: 10.1002/uog.23756. PMID: 34358384Free PMC Article
Pan L, Xie W, Fu X, Lu W, Jin H, Lai J, Zhang A, Yu Y, Li Y, Xiao W
Exp Gerontol 2021 Oct 15;154:111544. Epub 2021 Sep 1 doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111544. PMID: 34478826
Li W, Yue T, Liu Y
Biomed Pharmacother 2020 Nov;131:110721. Epub 2020 Sep 10 doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110721. PMID: 32920517
Shah JP, Thaker N, Heimur J, Aredo JV, Sikdar S, Gerber L
PM R 2015 Jul;7(7):746-761. Epub 2015 Feb 24 doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2015.01.024. PMID: 25724849Free PMC Article

Therapy

Xu J, Ding X, Wu J, Zhou X, Jin K, Yan M, Ma J, Wu X, Ye J, Mo W
Medicine (Baltimore) 2020 Dec 18;99(51):e23812. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000023812. PMID: 33371159Free PMC Article
Remelli F, Vitali A, Zurlo A, Volpato S
Nutrients 2019 Nov 21;11(12) doi: 10.3390/nu11122861. PMID: 31766576Free PMC Article
Land H, Gordon S, Watt K
Physiother Res Int 2019 Apr;24(2):e1768. Epub 2019 Jan 25 doi: 10.1002/pri.1768. PMID: 30680850
Haddley K
Drugs Today (Barc) 2014 Jul;50(7):475-83. doi: 10.1358/dot.2014.50.7.2177904. PMID: 25101330
Chen LK, Liu LK, Woo J, Assantachai P, Auyeung TW, Bahyah KS, Chou MY, Chen LY, Hsu PS, Krairit O, Lee JS, Lee WJ, Lee Y, Liang CK, Limpawattana P, Lin CS, Peng LN, Satake S, Suzuki T, Won CW, Wu CH, Wu SN, Zhang T, Zeng P, Akishita M, Arai H
J Am Med Dir Assoc 2014 Feb;15(2):95-101. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2013.11.025. PMID: 24461239

Prognosis

Shimada H, Suzuki T, Doi T, Lee S, Nakakubo S, Makino K, Arai H
J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023 Apr;14(2):1107-1116. Epub 2023 Mar 1 doi: 10.1002/jcsm.13209. PMID: 36858820Free PMC Article
Lord J, McMullan DJ, Eberhardt RY, Rinck G, Hamilton SJ, Quinlan-Jones E, Prigmore E, Keelagher R, Best SK, Carey GK, Mellis R, Robart S, Berry IR, Chandler KE, Cilliers D, Cresswell L, Edwards SL, Gardiner C, Henderson A, Holden ST, Homfray T, Lester T, Lewis RA, Newbury-Ecob R, Prescott K, Quarrell OW, Ramsden SC, Roberts E, Tapon D, Tooley MJ, Vasudevan PC, Weber AP, Wellesley DG, Westwood P, White H, Parker M, Williams D, Jenkins L, Scott RH, Kilby MD, Chitty LS, Hurles ME, Maher ER; Prenatal Assessment of Genomes and Exomes Consortium
Lancet 2019 Feb 23;393(10173):747-757. Epub 2019 Jan 31 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31940-8. PMID: 30712880Free PMC Article
Artaza-Artabe I, Sáez-López P, Sánchez-Hernández N, Fernández-Gutierrez N, Malafarina V
Maturitas 2016 Nov;93:89-99. Epub 2016 Apr 14 doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.04.009. PMID: 27125943
El-Hattab AW, Scaglia F
Cell Calcium 2016 Sep;60(3):199-206. Epub 2016 Mar 4 doi: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.03.003. PMID: 26996063
Phu S, Boersma D, Duque G
J Clin Densitom 2015 Oct-Dec;18(4):488-92. Epub 2015 Jun 10 doi: 10.1016/j.jocd.2015.04.011. PMID: 26071171

Clinical prediction guides

Gavril EC, Nucă I, Pânzaru MC, Ivanov AV, Mihai CT, Antoci LM, Ciobanu CG, Rusu C, Popescu R
Genes (Basel) 2023 Feb 11;14(2) doi: 10.3390/genes14020465. PMID: 36833393Free PMC Article
Mohan P, Lemoine J, Trotter C, Rakova I, Billings P, Peacock S, Kao CY, Wang Y, Xia F, Eng CM, Benn P
Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2022 Jan;59(1):33-39. doi: 10.1002/uog.23756. PMID: 34358384Free PMC Article
Li W, Yue T, Liu Y
Biomed Pharmacother 2020 Nov;131:110721. Epub 2020 Sep 10 doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110721. PMID: 32920517
Weiss K, Lazar HP, Kurolap A, Martinez AF, Paperna T, Cohen L, Smeland MF, Whalen S, Heide S, Keren B, Terhal P, Irving M, Takaku M, Roberts JD, Petrovich RM, Schrier Vergano SA, Kenney A, Hove H, DeChene E, Quinonez SC, Colin E, Ziegler A, Rumple M, Jain M, Monteil D, Roeder ER, Nugent K, van Haeringen A, Gambello M, Santani A, Medne L, Krock B, Skraban CM, Zackai EH, Dubbs HA, Smol T, Ghoumid J, Parker MJ, Wright M, Turnpenny P, Clayton-Smith J, Metcalfe K, Kurumizaka H, Gelb BD, Baris Feldman H, Campeau PM, Muenke M, Wade PA, Lachlan K
Genet Med 2020 Feb;22(2):389-397. Epub 2019 Aug 7 doi: 10.1038/s41436-019-0612-0. PMID: 31388190Free PMC Article
Piché J, Van Vliet PP, Pucéat M, Andelfinger G
Cell Cycle 2019 Nov;18(21):2828-2848. Epub 2019 Sep 13 doi: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1658476. PMID: 31516082Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

León NY, Harley VR
Hum Genet 2021 Dec;140(12):1625-1634. Epub 2021 Sep 15 doi: 10.1007/s00439-021-02361-5. PMID: 34524523
Solís-García Del Pozo J, de Cabo C, Solera J
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020 May 19;15(1):115. doi: 10.1186/s13023-020-01395-8. PMID: 32429959Free PMC Article
Solís-García Del Pozo J, de Cabo C, Solera J
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2019 Jun 19;14(1):146. doi: 10.1186/s13023-019-1120-7. PMID: 31217029Free PMC Article
Heneghan NR, Smith R, Tyros I, Falla D, Rushton A
PLoS One 2018;13(3):e0194235. Epub 2018 Mar 23 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194235. PMID: 29570722Free PMC Article
Artaza-Artabe I, Sáez-López P, Sánchez-Hernández N, Fernández-Gutierrez N, Malafarina V
Maturitas 2016 Nov;93:89-99. Epub 2016 Apr 14 doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.04.009. PMID: 27125943

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